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Project Management: Process, Technology, and Practice (Vaidyanathan)

Chapter 2 Process and Methods

2.1 True False

1) A procedure defines how to do a task.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 38

2) A business process is a collection of related, structured business activities or tasks in a specific

order that produce a specific service or product for a customer.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39

3) Delivery is one of the PMBOK process groups.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41

4) A project service request is a document that shows project details and the project team with
stakeholders' approval and customer authorization to work on a project.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41

5) A work breakdown structure is a list of tasks broken down to small manageable activities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
6) Stakeholders are people involved in the project or those who have an impact on the project
activities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 43

7) Continuous Improvement Management is a methodology that involves all employees of an

organization in a systematic, structured process to implement continuous improvement in quality
in projects.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 45

8) Tangible benefits arising from project implementation using CIM principles include a shorter
manufacturing cycle time, lower inventory, lower project reject rate, and increased customer
satisfaction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 46

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
9) According to some researchers mentioned in the textbook, CIM leads organizations to be
innovators and not followers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 48

10) According to some researchers, CIM may hinder creativity due to enforcement of standards,
and cause organizations to be narrow-minded, to be totally focused only on serving customers,
and to focus too much on cost efficiency.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 48

11) Seven Sigma is oriented toward the solution of problems at the root level and the prevention
of their recurrence.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 49

12) Six Sigma asserts that continuous efforts to reduce process variation are important to overall
performance and customer satisfaction in a project.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 49

13) The Capability Maturity Model for software implementation is used by many organizations
to identify best practices that are useful in increasing the maturity of their processes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

14) Software process capability focuses on achieved results.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

15) At the CMMI Level 5, software processes are defined by individuals in an organization.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55

16) At the CMMI Level 4, an organization typically does not provide a stable environment for
developing and maintaining software.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55

17) At the CMMI Level 2, all projects in an organization use an approved, tailored version of the
organization's standard and tested software process for developing and maintaining software.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 56

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18) The CMMI Level 3 uses an organization-wide software process database to collect and
analyze data available from a project's defined software processes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57

19) At the CMMI Level 1, an organization focuses on continuous process improvement.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57

20) At the CMMI Level 5, common causes of defects are discovered, identified, prioritized, and
eliminated.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 57

21) The traditional SDLC's popularity is because of its flexibility.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60

22) The spiral model uses a linear approach for project definition and implementation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 62

23) Restricted development means that project activities are packaged to fit time boxes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65

24) Environment is a supporting RUP workflow.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67

25) Higher stability of deliverables is one of the reasons why agile methods are used.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68

26) The most important feature of the XP philosophy relative to SDLC is that programmers can
respond to changing customer requirements at any time.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 70

27) With the spiral model, activities are managed concurrently and more people are working on
the project so the complexity of projects increases.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

28) The extreme programming model is very suitable for large projects.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
29) When compared to the traditional SDLC, changing scope is more costly with the iterative
SDLC.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

30) A disadvantage of the traditional SDLC is that it does not work well with global and virtual
teams.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

2.2 Multiple Choice

1) A specific ordering of structured activities with defined inputs and outputs best defines
A) process.
B) value chain.
C) function.
D) system.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39

2) Benefits of process improvements include

A) improvements in project quality.
B) increase in project value.
C) improved efficiency and effectiveness.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 39-40

3) Which of the following is a collection of processes and knowledge areas generally accepted as
best practices within the project management discipline?
A) RAD
B) PMBOK
C) UCOK
D) PMBPR
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 41

4) The PMBOK process groups include each of the following except

A) executing.
B) monitoring and controlling.
C) maintaining.
D) closing.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5) PMBOK knowledge areas include
A) project quality management.
B) project communication management.
C) project procurement management.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 41

6) Coordinating all other project management knowledge areas describes

A) project integration management.
B) project communications management.
C) project procurement management.
D) project quality management.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41

7) Project scope management involves

A) developing a project charter.
B) collecting requirements.
C) defining activities.
D) acquiring a project team.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 42

8) Developing schedules, milestones, and critical paths is associated with the

A) initiating process group and the cost management knowledge area.
B) executing process group and the communications management knowledge area.
C) planning process group and time management knowledge area.
D) executing process group and the risk management knowledge area.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 44

9) Assessing the value and performance of the project and surveying satisfaction are associated
with the
A) planning process group and the time management knowledge area.
B) initiating process group and the human resource management knowledge area.
C) controlling process group and the scope management knowledge area.
D) closing process group and the communications management knowledge area.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
10) A systematic method to continuously augment how organizations conduct business and
projects best defines
A) process improvement.
B) product improvement.
C) value chain improvement.
D) business process reengineering.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44

11) Deming, Juran, and other scholars found the common denominator in any quality system is
A) people.
B) change.
C) communication.
D) structure.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 45

12) Continuous Improvement Management principles include each of the following except
A) fact-based decision making.
B) employee involvement.
C) rapid engineering.
D) strategic alliance.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 46

13) A process improvement approach that is used to find and eliminate errors and defects, reduce
cycle times, reduce cost, improve productivity, and meet customer expectations best defines
A) Join Application Design.
B) Rapid Application Development.
C) Object Oriented Analysis and Design.
D) Six Sigma.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 49

14) Six Sigma's problem solving methodology is called

A) DMAIC.
B) RAPID.
C) ENGAGE.
D) REVIVE.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
15) The Six Sigma DMAIC phase that identifies the problem statement of a project is
A) measure.
B) define.
C) analyze.
D) investigate.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51

16) Which of Six Sigma's DMAIC phases focuses on the measurement of internal process that
affect factors that are critical to quality?
A) analyze
B) define
C) measure
D) improve
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51

17) Which Six Sigma DMAIC phase focuses on why and how defects and errors occur?
A) control
B) define
C) measure
D) analyze
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 51

18) A model for software implementation used to identify the software process maturity level of
organizations best defines
A) CMM.
B) PDM.
C) SPM.
D) SAP.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

19) A set of activities, methods, practices, and transformations that people use to develop and
maintain software and its associated products that include project plans, design documents, code,
test cases, and user manuals best defines
A) system.
B) software process.
C) business process.
D) work process.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

8
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
20) A potential for growth in capability that indicates both the richness of an organization's
software process and the consistency with which it is applied in projects throughout the
organization best defines
A) system maturity.
B) organizational maturity.
C) software process maturity.
D) business process maturity.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 54

21) CMM benefits include

A) allowing software organizations to focus on software process activities.
B) allowing software organizations to strategize how to evolve toward a culture of software
engineering and management excellence.
C) providing guidance to organizations on how to gain control of their processes to develop and
maintain software.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 54

22) A software company where software process is ad hoc and occasionally even chaotic is at the
CMMI
A) Level 0.
B) Level 1.
C) Level 3.
D) Level 5.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55

23) Each of the following is an objective of the CMMI Level 2 except

A) identify and control requirements, specifications, and test plans.
B) document and control all changes in software projects.
C) use a reactionary approach to projects.
D) keep software activities consistent with system requirements.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 55-56

24) At which CMMI level are software processes documented, standardized, and integrated into
a standard "to-be" practiced process for an organization?
A) Level 7
B) Level 0
C) Level 1
D) Level 3
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 56

9
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
25) The CMMI Level 3 objectives include
A) planning organization-level process development and improvement activities.
B) developing and maintaining a standard software process for the organization.
C) identifying all defects in software using CIM and Six Sigma and removing defects to improve
quality.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57

26) CMMI Level 4 objectives include

A) manage measurable metrics and software goals.
B) plan organization-level process development and improvement activities.
C) establish a baseline for software engineering process and management.
D) constantly changing the software process as the project progresses.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 57

27) CMMI Level 5 objectives include

A) establishing a baseline for software engineering process and management.
B) planning continuous process improvement activities and encouraging employees to participate
in those activities.
C) keeping software activities consistent with system requirements.
D) reverting back to coding and testing during a crisis.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 58

28) The conceptual phase of any system or just the software facet of a system best describes the
SDLC
A) preliminary design phase.
B) analysis phase.
C) systems investigation phase.
D) launch phase.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58

29) A working prototype that is implemented to design and define various functionalities of the
project and show customers the friendly software interface and the story line of functionalities
involved in the project best describes the SDLC
A) analysis phase.
B) systems investigation phase.
C) preliminary design phase.
D) testing phase.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

10
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
30) The final output of the analysis SDLC phase describes
A) how various processes will work with the proposed system or software.
B) how the system will interact with other systems.
C) how and what data, information, and knowledge are collected in the organization.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 59

31) Documentation resulting from the SDLC launch phase includes

A) operating instructions and user manuals.
B) final design specifications.
C) software requirements.
D) interface design specifications.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 59

32) The spiral model of software process involves

A) determination of objectives, alternatives, and constraints.
B) evaluation of alternatives, risk identification, and risk resolution.
C) planning and development of the next level of the project.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 63

33) A process model used to develop object-oriented software best defines

A) unified process.
B) XML.
C) CMMI.
D) AM.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

34) A graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting object-
oriented software best defines
A) CASE.
B) UML.
C) JAD.
D) RAD.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

11
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
35) The UP phase focused on specification of use-cases and scope definition of a project is
A) construction.
B) elaboration.
C) inception.
D) transition.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 64

36) The UP phase concentrating on "high-risk" components of the proposed system in order to
minimize the overall risk of the proposed system best defines
A) construction.
B) inception.
C) transition.
D) elaboration.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65

37) The UP phase where components of the system are developed and tested is
A) construction.
B) transition.
C) inception.
D) elaboration.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65

38) The UP phase where the proposed, implemented system is deployed to end users best
describes the
A) construction phase.
B) transition phase.
C) inception phase.
D) elaboration phase.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 65

39) Best practices supported by RUP include each of the following except
A) manage requirements.
B) use component-based architectures.
C) develop software iteratively.
D) facilitate a linear approach to software development.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 65

12
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
40) Core RUP workflows include each of the following except
A) integration.
B) deployment.
C) implementation.
D) business modeling.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 66

41) Supporting core RUP workflows include each of the following except
A) configuration and change management.
B) affirmation.
C) project management.
D) environment.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 67

42) Factors for using Agile methods include

A) prioritization of tasks is done by key stakeholders.
B) works well with true teamwork and collaboration.
C) shortened development cycles.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68

43) Advantages of the Scrum model include

A) great when requirements are fluid.
B) works well with inexperienced team members.
C) does not require a significant time commitment from customers.
D) very suitable for large projects.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

44) Disadvantages of the iterative SDLC include each of the following except
A) revisiting and revising prior phases is not easy to accomplish.
B) high-level design has to predict all integrations well in advance.
C) needs great effort to manage all integrations.
D) project teams should be able to estimate well enough to plan all integrations.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 74

45) The Unified Process

A) is great for development of large-scale projects.
B) is great for development of geographically and globally dispersed projects.
C) provides better overall quality.
D) is all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 74

13
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
2.3 Essay

1) Identify five benefits of process improvements.

Answer: Benefits include improvements in project quality, increase in internal and external
customer satisfaction, increase in project value, better customer satisfaction, and improvement in
productivity. Additional benefits are provided in the textbook.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39-40

2) List the nine PMBOK knowledge areas.

Answer: The nine PMBOK knowledge areas are project integration management, project scope
management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management,
project human resources management, project communications management, project risk
management, and project procurement management.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41

3) For the quality management knowledge area, identify five activities that would be carried out.
Answer: Determine quality processes, determine quality standards, manage quality and perform
quality assurance, quality evaluation and control, and final acceptance are five activities.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 44

4) Define CIM. What are its seven principles?

Answer: CIM is a methodology that involves all employees of an organization in a systematic,
structured process to implement continuous improvement in quality in projects. The seven
principles are customer focus, employee involvement, process centered, strategic alliance, fact-
based decision making, good communications, and continuous improvement.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 45-46

5) What is Six Sigma? What is DMAIC?

Answer: Six Sigma is a process improvement approach that is used to find and eliminate errors
and defects, reduce cycle times, reduce cost, improve productivity, and meet customer
expectations. DMAIC is Six Sigma's problem-solving methodology and includes define,
measure, analyze, improve, and control processes.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 49-52

14
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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