Title: Mastering the Art of Literature Review Method PDF: A Guide

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Introduction 5. The Literature Review A literature review may consist of simply a summary of key
sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational pattern and
combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories.A summary is a
recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a
reshuffling, of that information in a way that. A proposed typology and guidance for systematic
reviewers in the medical and health sciences. Parts of Literature Review Parts of a literature review
are as follows: Introduction The introduction of a literature review typically provides background
information on the research topic and why it is important. The case study technique, inserted in this
approach, focuses on 25 articles, meaning that its weighting is 42% in relation to the total number of
articles that use qualitative methodologies. For example, if you are reviewing literature about
inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language
barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access. These studies were identified through a
formal and systematic search in four databases between 2003 and 2013. Collective action for
implementation: a realist evaluation of organisational collaboration in healthcare. To operationalize
this strategy of sampling for influence, we sought to identify both the most influential authors within
a qualitative research tradition (all of whose citations were subsequently screened) and the most
influential publications on the topic of interest by non-influential authors. Initiating coproduction
The initiation of coproduction entails recognizing the need for coproduction, dedicating resources,
inviting and establishing relevant multi-stakeholder coproduction networks, and coproducing a vision
and goals. Hassanein et al. (2012) concluded from a SET study conducted in nursing schools that
improving the teaching evaluation process must take into account the diversity of student
characteristics, student evaluation goals, teaching methods, and institutional context. Results
indicate that the majority of systematic reviews in this particular area suffer from important
methodological flaws and biases that impair their internal validity and limit their usefulness for
clinical and decision-making purposes. Engaging patients to improve quality of care: a systematic
review. Collective dimensions of leadership: Connecting theory and method. A literature review goes
beyond basic summarizing to focus on the critical analysis of the reviewed works and their
relationship to your research question. Historical Review Few things rest in isolation from historical
precedent. We thus created a table (Table 1 ) that illustrates potential reflective questions in this
context. Having said that, we realize that the methodological rigour of any review — be it
qualitative, quantitative or mixed — is a critical aspect that should be considered seriously by
prospective authors. There are a number of different situations where you might write a literature
review, each with slightly different expectations; different disciplines, too, have field-specific
expectations for what a literature review is and does. As a consequence, it is quite commonly the
underlying research philosophy in quantitative studies and is oftentimes the assumed philosophy in
the physical sciences. Analyze its literature review, the samples and variables used, the results, and
the conclusions. Importance of a Good Literature Review A literature review may consist of simply
a summary of key sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational
pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. Rely
heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. Walden University Writing Center:
Literature Review Matrix Find a variety of literature review matrix examples and templates from
Walden University. Specifically, the study will examine the effects of cyberbullying, social
comparison, and excessive social media use on self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Unlike other
review types, critical reviews attempt to take a reflective account of the research that has been done
in a particular area of interest, and assess its credibility by using appraisal instruments or critical
interpretive methods. Health care services and the coproduction puzzle: filling in the blanks.
Research Methods: Literature Reviews Annotated Bibliographies Literature Reviews Scoping
Reviews Systematic Reviews Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Persuasive Arguments Subject
Specific Methodology A literature review involves researching, reading, analyzing, evaluating, and
summarizing scholarly literature (typically journals and articles) about a specific topic. Keep careful
notes so that you may track your thought processes during the research process. It would be great
though if you could show us practical examples. Identifying key concepts and theories: A literature
review can help to identify key concepts and theories that are relevant to the research question, and
provide a theoretical framework for the study.
Risk of plagiarism: It is important to ensure that literature reviews do not inadvertently contain
plagiarism, which can occur when researchers use the work of others without proper attribution. The
work of Schaeffer and Matt ( 2016 ) showed that universities cannot replicate the mechanisms that
lead to the success of an EE but rather adapt their strategies to the specificities of each regional
context. Peer Review reports While reviews of methods are not new, they represent a distinct review
type whose methodology remains relatively under-addressed in the literature despite the clear
implications for unique review procedures. In the methods overview on sampling, the implied scope
was broad since we set out to review publications on sampling across three divergent qualitative
research traditions—grounded theory, phenomenology, and case study—to facilitate making
informative conceptual comparisons. Information systems researchers, among others, have
contributed to advancing knowledge on how to structure a “traditional” review. Covidence can also
calculate Cohen’s kappa to enable review teams to report the level of agreement among individual
reviewers during screening. Analyze its literature review, the samples and variables used, the results,
and the conclusions. Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide. Communicating
Results: Literature review helps researchers to communicate their results effectively by providing a
context for their research. Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E.
Keep careful notes so that you may track your thought processes during the research process. This
process resulted in three themes pertaining to coproduction leadership models and nine coproduction
leadership practices. It is the different relationships between students, faculty and entrepreneurs and
the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each that can lead to the creation of a successful
spinoff. The methods section should be succinct but include all the noteworthy information. The
second and most important of the researcher is to determine the research gap, i. Dixon-Woods M,
Agarwal S, Young B, Jones D, Sutton A. Supplemental materials including additional resources
details of our recommendations and practical examples are provided in online supplemental
appendices A and B. This link opens in a new window Contact a Librarian Ask a Librarian
Definition: A literature review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly
research on a specific topic or subject. This approach helps highlight ethical issues which you should
be aware of and consider as you go through your own study. Use Quotes Sparingly Some short
quotes are appropriate if you want to emphasize a point, or if what an author stated cannot be easily
paraphrased. We derived the initial set of abstraction fields from our own knowledge of relevant
sampling-related concepts, consultation with local experts, and reviewing a pilot sample of
publications. Purpose of Literature Review Some of the specific purposes of a literature review are
as follows: To provide context: A literature review helps to provide context for your research by
situating it within the broader body of literature on the topic. Lucidchart is a collaborative online
diagramming and visualization tool that allows users to create a wide range of diagrams, including
flowcharts, org charts, wireframes, and mind maps. Before you start writing, it’s always a good idea
to draw up a rough outline to guide your writing. Like most things in a systematic review, the
methods should be planned upfront and ideally described in detail in a project plan or protocol.
First, there are the primary studies that researchers conduct and publish. This methodological choice
refers to the broader strategy in terms of how you’ll conduct your research, based on the aims of
your study. People and roles The way in which the leadership of coproduction has been
conceptualized in the literature suggests that a range of actors are involved in the coproduction of
health and wellbeing and that these actors can take on different leadership roles and functions. There
are two types of information you need to collect from each study: Information about the study’s
methods and results. However, there is no unified opinion or standard on the selection of the specific
content of evaluation indicators, and fewer scholars have paid attention to the differentiation of the
indicators for different courses.
Look for peer-reviewed articles, books, and other academic sources that are relevant to your research
question or topic. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of
knowledge on a particular topic. Thus, defining what information to abstract beforehand may not be
feasible. Involvement of topic experts can ensure that the rQES is responsive to need. 14 17 One
Cochrane rQES saved considerable time by agreeing the review topic within a single meeting and
one-phase iteration. 9 Decisions on topics to be omitted are also informed by a knowledge of
existing QESs. 17 An information specialist can help to manage the quantity and quality of available
evidence by setting conceptual boundaries and logistic limits. Top 5 Tips for High-Quality
Systematic Review Data Extraction Data extraction can be a complex step in the systematic review
process. The number of colleges and universities offering entrepreneurship-related courses has
increased. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or
non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. Brit Med J. 2017;358 Sterne JA,
Hernan MA, Reeves BC, et al. Quality checklist or instrument need to be designed to. The Qual Rep
2015, 20(11):1772-1789) is available from. Introduction This paper forms part of a series from the
Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group providing methodological guidance for rapid reviews.
When reviewing genetics studies Human genetics review reporting guidelines. Use a citation
manager, such as EndNote as the repository for your citations. Conclusions and Limitations The
quest to identify and define EEs has become an issue of great importance as countries, regions and
cities handle with an entrepreneurial economy. Clarysse et al. ( 2014 ) analysed the tension between
knowledge and business ecosystems. In relation to the success factors, they seem similar: diversity of
organizations and key actors. In other words, a chronological review would have subsections for
each vital time period; a thematic review would have subtopics based upon factors that relate to the
theme or issue. It involves identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant literature, including
scholarly articles, books, and other sources, to provide a summary and critical assessment of what is
known about the topic. This could include datasets, a flowchart to show what happened to.
Secondly, the research on the theory and structure of the evaluation indicators for university students
generally revolves around the “student-centered theory” and “secondary indicator structure,” the
rationality of which has been confirmed; however, the academic circle has not yet formed a unified
opinion or standard on the selection of the specific content of the evaluation indicators. Literature
reviews are set up similarly to other academic texts, with an introduction, a main body, and a
conclusion. We present these findings together in the form of a framework because consideration of
both leadership models and practices prompts better and more conscious choices, which can improve
the quality of coproduction. In order to minimize the risk of omitting eligible studies not captured by
the original search, they supplemented all electronic searches with manual screening of trial registers
and references contained in the included studies. Systematic literature review: This is a rigorous and
structured review that follows a pre-defined protocol to identify, evaluate, and synthesize all relevant
studies on a specific research question. A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as
books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question. We used tables of
contents and index sections of books to aid this hand searching. While the authors describe general
aspects of “systematicity” (including rigorous application of a methodical search, abstraction, and
analysis), they also describe a high degree of variation within the category of methods reviews itself
and so offer little in the way of concrete guidance. Online databases used: IEEExplore, ACM Digital
Library, Current. Free text searching is the use of natural language words to conduct your search.
Last, Bandara, Miskon, and Fielt (2011) proposed a structured, predefined and tool-supported
method to identify primary studies within a feasible scope, extract relevant content from identified
articles, synthesize and analyze the findings, and effectively write and present the results of the
literature review. As you write, make sure to follow these tips: Summarise and synthesise: give an
overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole. Our aim in this
paper is thus to initiate discussion about what might constitute a rigorous approach to systematic
methods overviews.
We propose that reviewers are justified in choosing to select only the methods literature when the
objective is to map out the range of recognized concepts relevant to a methods topic, to summarize
the most authoritative or influential definitions or meanings for methods-related concepts, or to
demonstrate a problematic lack of clarity regarding a widely established methods-related concept
and potentially make recommendations for a preferred approach to the methods topic in question.
Examples of qualitative research designs include: focus groups observations document analysis oral
history or life stories (2) Quantitative research Quantitative research gathers numerical data which
can be ranked, measured or categorised through statistical analysis. However, they found it
challenging to transition to a more distributed and collective leadership approach. More information
on meta-analyses can be found in Cochrane Handbook, Chapter 9. A meta-analysis is a statistical
analysis, not a type of review. The most interesting literature reviews are often written as arguments
(again, as mentioned at the beginning of the page, this is discipline-specific and doesn’t work for all
situations). Importantly, narrative reviews can also be used as educational articles to bring
practitioners up to date with certain topics of issues ( Green et al., 2006 ). Recently, there have been
several efforts to introduce more rigour in narrative reviews that will elucidate common pitfalls and
bring changes into their publication standards. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. Suri H. Towards
methodologically inclusive research syntheses: expanding possibilities. Thank uuuu! These contents
are really valued for me. As explained above, systematic reviews seek to identify causation. This
evolution in the model involves inter-institutional relationships between the three actors, leading to
an increasing overlap of their roles. The goal is to deliberately document, critically evaluate, and
summarize scientifically all of the research about a clearly defined research problem. Their in-depth
analysis of the literature signalled that there is little solid evidence from randomized controlled trials
or other studies through the use of phr s. RQ1: What computer languages are being taught in
introductory. These roles involve shared decision-making and accountability at various levels, ranging
from the personal to the systemic. Many systematic reviews, but not all, use statistical methods to
combine the results of independent studies into a single quantitative estimate or summary effect size.
Music in the Park. An integrating metaphor for the emerging primary (health) care system: Music in
the Park. Guidance on choosing qualitative evidence synthesis methods for use in health technology
assessments of complex interventions. If the same thing is being said, just by different people, then
this likely demonstrates that the research problem has hit a conceptual dead end. In: Chandler J,
Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. The historical research method aims to provide the
useful insights about thebackground and growth of the chosen field of study. It is here that you
present your critique of the research you have collected. Therefore, it’s vital that you clearly outline
and justify your research philosophy at the beginning of your methodology chapter, as it sets the
scene for everything that follows. The guidance offered here was derived from experience
conducting a systematic methods overview on the topic of sampling in qualitative research. The
exclusion of non-peer-reviewed papers is likely to have led to the exclusion of coproduced outputs,
which may have offered important insights into the leadership of coproduction, particularly with
regard to the experiences of service users and citizens playing leadership roles. Let’s take a look at
the most common components you’ll likely need to cover. Sometimes, you may want to include a
fifth component, the type of study design. You can read more about literature reviews, what they
entail, and how to write one, using the resources below. The production growth rate is 33.5%.
According to the average number of citations, per year, the articles written in 2022 were those with a
higher number (9.79) followed by articles from the years 2011, 2018 and 2019. Literature reviews
are set up similarly to other academic texts, with an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion.
This practice essentially focuses on self-assessment and continuous improvement within the
coproduction framework. Practicalities and resource constraints also play a large role here, as it can
oftentimes be challenging to gain access to a truly random sample. Results indicate that the majority
of systematic reviews in this particular area suffer from important methodological flaws and biases
that impair their internal validity and limit their usefulness for clinical and decision-making purposes.
Despite being two of the most influential databases, the overview could be improved by including
other databases. They originated from criticisms of positivist systematic reviews which centre on
their “simplistic” underlying assumptions ( Oates, 2011 ). You can use a combination of these tools
or come up with your own organizational process. All authors contributed to revising the manuscript.
Systematic reviews with discordant findings can cause great confusion and make it difficult for
decision-makers to interpret the review-level evidence ( Moher, 2013 ). It should also reiterate the
importance of the research question or hypothesis and the contribution of the literature review to the
overall research project. In this section of your methodology chapter, it’s also important to discuss
how you prepared your data for analysis, and what software you used (if any). In the present
context, the notion of rigour refers to the reliability and validity of the review process described in
section 9.2. For one thing, reliability is related to the reproducibility of the review process and steps,
which is facilitated by a comprehensive documentation of the literature search process, extraction,
coding and analysis performed in the review. In relational bibliometrics will analyse co-citations and
the respective clusters. Simply save any potentially relevant citations using bibliographic software,
such as Scribbr’s APA or MLA Generator. How will you further your research as a result of the
review? IV. The lower right quadrant represents the basic themes, and the lower left means that the
theme may be emerging or disappearing. Cite this Scribbr article If you want to cite this source, you
can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the
citation to our free Citation Generator. Turney, S. (2023, November 20). BMC Med Res Methodol.
2016;16(1):15. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. Yan and Wei (2016) believes that the setting of
student evaluation indicators should follow the teaching principles of constructivism theory,
highlight the core concept of teacher led and student-centered, design secondary indicators covering
six aspects: teaching methods, teaching content, teaching attitude, teacher ethics and style, learning
elements, learning effects, and set open questions for students to express their opinions and
suggestions. Constantinou and Wijnen-Meijer (2022) also pointed out that students, peers, curriculum
managers and self-evaluation should be included in teaching evaluation ( Chan, 2019 ). A literature
review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations, theses, and research
papers. Supplementary Information Additional file 1: appendix 1.. Description of included papers.
Steps in Conducting a Literature Review A literature review is an integrated analysis-- not just a
summary-- of scholarly writings and other relevant evidence related directly to your research
question. If the same authors, books or articles keep appearing in your reading, make sure to seek
them out. The CIPP model advocates helping managers (the makers of the indicator system) to
systematically obtain and use evaluation feedback information in order to meet their needs or to
utilize information resources as much as possible. A rapid evidence synthesis. BMJ Open.
2017;7(7):e014650. Gallan AS, Jarvis CB, Brown SW, Bitner MJ. This can be especially helpful for
students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire community of scholars
toward questions that have not yet been answered. Findings from eight rct s involving 6,615
participants were pooled into meta-analyses to calculate the magnitude of effects that mobile text
message reminders have on the rate of attendance at healthcare appointments compared to no
reminders and phone call reminders. Don’t just start writing without knowing what you’ll discuss
where. For example, authors from different qualitative research traditions often use different terms
for similar methods-related concepts. What sources have they cited to support their conclusions.
Thematic: If you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working with
throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different
aspects of the topic. In this section, you’ll want to concisely summarise what you’ve presented in the
chapter. From the numbers, we deduce that there is no balance of methods in EE and HEI studies
and literature reviews are the least frequent type of publication. If the same authors, books or articles
keep appearing in your reading, make sure to seek them out. Availability of data and materials The
systematic methods overview used as a worked example in this article (Gentles SJ, Charles C, Ploeg
J, McKibbon KA: Sampling in qualitative research: insights from an overview of the methods
literature. For the Internet in American presidential politics project, one methodological approach
would be to look at cultural differences between the portrayal of American presidents on American,
British, and French websites. Let’s take a look at the most common components you’ll likely need to
cover. Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant
theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Pivotal publications: are there any
influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field. Although literature reviews are
often less time-consuming and can be insightful or helpful, they have a higher risk of bias and are
less transparent than systematic reviews. As in most narrative reviews, the scope of the research
questions being investigated is broad: (a) how development of these systems are carried out; (b)
which methods are used to investigate these systems; and (c) what conclusions can be drawn as a
result of the development of these systems. To provide clear answers to these questions, a literature
search was conducted on six electronic databases and Google Scholar. It goes beyond
documentation and reflects decisions related to the selection of the sources, the search terms used,
the period of time covered, the articles selected in the search, and the application of backward and
forward searches ( vom Brocke et al., 2009 ). In short, the rigour of any review article is reflected by
the explicitness of its methods (i.e., transparency) and the soundness of the approach used. Correct
my document today Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging. Sherwood ( 2018 ), in
addition to the elements, identified curricular, extra-curricular components, Technology Transfer
Offices (TTO), resources and informal and community engagement. Set boundaries of what
information is relevant and what is not. E.g. for the topic leadership style and its effect on
employees' motivation, the review would focus only on leadership in the retail sector. RQ is
important. State the significance of the review. Data abstraction The purpose of data abstraction in
rigorous literature reviews is to locate and record all data relevant to the topic of interest from the
full text of included publications, making them available for subsequent analysis. The data were
analysed using the author’s keywords and cut-off points in the years 2014, 2018 and 2020. Such an
approach would be analogous to maximum variation sampling. The author points out that universities
may assume different roles according to the size and composition of the entrepreneurial ecosystem,
interacting through different channels. To conduct a systematic review, you’ll need the following: A
precise question, usually about the effectiveness of an intervention. Note that more authentic
thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. Systematic Review This form
consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question,
which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant
research, and to collect, report, and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review.
Table 2 shows three of the conceptual models highlighted in the literature review and published
chronologically in the last 5 years. There are two options here: cross-sectional and longitudinal.
Research trends According to the current research trend in academia, first of all, researchers will
continue to explore the influencing factors of students’ teaching evaluation. He compares the
composition and contribution of social networks among entrepreneurial academics and analyses how
these networks relate to the development trajectory of university spinoffs. Our framework also has
some practical implications for coproduction leaders and participants. Centre for Reviews and
Dissemination: Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care.
Introduction The new research on the “entrepreneurship ecosystem” (EE) limits the acceptance of a
single definition.
While conducting a review of the literature, maximize the time you devote to writing this part of
your paper by thinking broadly about what you should be looking for and evaluating. In the fourth
review, Guindalini et al. ( 2021 ) present an SLR with bibliometric and network analysis, with the
aim of mapping AEE. Audretsch and Belitski ( 2017 ) set out to develop a model that captured both
regional and local systemic factors to better understand and explain variations in entrepreneurial
activity. Methodology Chapter Example In the video below, we walk you through an example of a
high-quality research methodology chapter from a dissertation. A meta-analysis is a statistical
analysis, not a type of review. This method of data collection is used extensively to assess the
attitudes andcharacteristics of wide range of subjects. Use the key words in your question, as well
as synonyms for those words, as terms in your search. If, for example, you aim to assess how a
specific group of people’s perspectives regarding a topic change over time, you’d likely adopt a
longitudinal time horizon. This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review
and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge. Missed
appointments are a major cause of inefficiency in healthcare delivery with substantial monetary costs
to health systems. These authors sought to assess whether mobile phone-based appointment
reminders delivered through Short Message Service ( sms ) or Multimedia Messaging Service ( mms
) are effective in improving rates of patient attendance and reducing overall costs. Systematic
Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social
Science Research Imagination. The literature consulted for such reviews may include the methods
literature, methods-relevant sections of empirical research reports, or both. Subsequently, they use
fixed or random-effects analysis models to combine the results of the included studies, assess
statistical heterogeneity, and calculate a weighted average of the effect estimates from the different
studies, taking into account their sample sizes. Try to analyse patterns, turning points and key
debates that have shaped the direction of the field. A literature review is a survey of scholarly
sources on a specific topic. The literature represents background and research developments related
to a specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized way. The Writing
Center. University of North Carolina; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. Kleijnen, Jo. (eds) Undertaking
Systematic Review of Research on. Narrow the Topic The narrower your topic, the easier it will be
to limit the number of sources you need to read in order to obtain a good survey of relevant
resources. The thematic analysis exposing the resulting visual maps and discussing the results of the
articles classified by clusters is the fifth section. The research team started with an exploratory
review of background documents and research studies to identify ways in which patient portals may
contribute to health service delivery and patient outcomes. The three authors who have published the
most with the highest local impact (TC index) are Cunningham (4 publications, TC 156), Audretsh (3
publications, TC 184) and Menter (3 publications, TC 154). How to write Literature Review Here
are some steps to follow when writing a literature review: Define your research question or topic:
Before starting your literature review, it is essential to define your research question or topic. Rely
heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. The form should be designed and piloted
when the protocol is defined. Additionally, we suggest in this section how the selection procedures
can be chosen to match the specific analytic approach used in methods overviews. Formulating
questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. Describe the relationship
of each work to the others under consideration. Make sure that you clearly explain the “why” for
every “what”, and reference credible methodology textbooks or academic sources to back up your
justifications.