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Of those, 4.5 percent transferred at the onset of labor but still prior to admission; another 12 percent
(of those still on track for a birth center birth) were transferred intrapartum (e.g., because of arrest,
nonreassuring fetal heart rate, diagnosis of breech, bleeding, PIH, cord prolapse, or seizure). But
doing so, she opined, will require a complementary set of predictors of maternal complications to
guide decisions about which level of care a woman should receive. However, categorization of
variables into causes or risk factor would not matter while selecting interventions for prevention of
stillbirths. The weight and body length were not taken into consideration to define stillbirth as it was
not feasible to do so. Authors’ contributions The study was designed by AE, CS, SJ and DS.
Methods A systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies researching
parents and healthcare professionals experiences of care after stillbirth in high-income westernised
countries (Europe, North America, Australia and South Africa) was conducted. See Full PDF
Download PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers Journal of Perinatal Medicine
Postmortem examination protocol and systematic re-evaluation reduce the proportion of unexplained
stillbirths Vedran Stefanovic Background Stillbirth often remains unexplained, mostly due to a lack
of any postmortem examination or one that is incomplete and misinterpreted. Stillbirth rates in low-
middle income countries 2010 - 2013: a population-based, multi-country study from the global
network. One of it and probably the most important is Endorser Credibility. The series emphasised
the enduring economic, psychological and social costs of stillbirth which need to be addressed, not
only by stillbirth prevention, but also by improvements in care for bereaved families. National Center
for Health Statistics. 1981. Annual summary of births. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express
creation to Issuu publication. Of note, less than 1 percent of the intrapartum transfers were
emergency transfers, which Gregory interpreted to mean that there was plenty of time to make
arrangements for getting the women safely to a nearby hospital. To achieve this knowledge-based
and practical training are required to improve key healthcare workers ability and comfort providing
personalised stillbirth care. For others, the same situation makes them feel out of control. Maternal
hypertension, abnormal labour were more common (15.8% each) followed by chorio-amnionitis
(14%). In addition, IOM staff members and several consultants provided background papers for the
committee's consideration. Parent studies were conducted across eight countries (Table 1 ) and Staff
studies were conducted across five countries (Table 2 ). Abortion counseling has been affected not
only by the imposition of antiabortion statutes, but also by the changing needs of patients who have
come of age in a very different era than when this occupation was first developed. Mortality The
1980 infant mortality rate in the United States was. Hence, we adopted this system to tabulate the
causes after International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding (Table 1 ). The Cochrane Library,
PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, Science Citation Index, BIOSIS, and the NHS and
CRD databases were searched. Low-risk women may also need to be cared for in appropriate
facilities with appro-. Among the socio-demographic factors, socio-economic status, caste, and
religion and were not significantly associated with stillbirth in this study. Fathers can find it difficult
to express themselves. Despite social work's growing involvement in care at the end of life, parents
of stillborn children have not experienced consistent, relevant, and competent professional care in
coping with the tragedy of death. And while severe maternal morbidity is an active area of
conversation today, it is not measured in a consistent manner. She described the mistrust that
currently exists among communities of care providers as “endemic and corrosive.” MacDorman
agreed that trust is a core issue. Of the three trials identified for potential inclusion in the review all
were excluded because of the high loss-to-follow-up rate. In reality, randomised controlled trials
which meet the inclusion criteria for the Cochrane review will be difficult to conduct, therefore
developments in care will need to rely upon other forms of evidence.
To study differences among birth settings, care should be taken to stan-. Causes of death were
divided into 10 specific categories. Indeed, in Armstrong’s opinion, most women trust modern
medical care to ensure safe births. We highlight where and how focused interventions and
implementation research is needed and would be effective. How will you limit important
components that comprise your topic (Figure C.1) and how much detail will you devote to each of
these aspects (Figure C.2). Williams, R. L., and P. M. Chen. 1982. Identifying the sources of the. You
can read our previous blog on pregnancy after stillbirth here ). Jordan, B. 1978. Birth in Four
CUltures: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. Villar et al. (2001) evaluated patterns of prenatal care and
found no difference in risk of Cesarean, anemia, urinary tract infections, or postpartum hemorrhage
between midwife, general practice, and obstetric care. Gregory also considered discussions of low
risk in consensus statements issued by representative. Methods We undertook a prospective,
population-based multi-country research study of all pregnant women in defined geographic areas
across 7 sites in low-resource settings (Kenya, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, India,
Pakistan, and Guatemala). Studies from other settings were excluded as healthcare provision and
cultural and religious practices are likely to be sufficiently different to render aggregation with
Western studies inadvisable. Williams, 19797 Williams and Chen 19827 Williams and Hawes, 1979).
The individual strokes make an important contribution, but we need to step back to see all the
strokes at once and take stock of the whole picture. Methods A systematic review of qualitative,
quantitative and mixed-method studies researching parents and healthcare professionals experiences
of care after stillbirth in high-income westernised countries (Europe, North America, Australia and
South Africa) was conducted. Drawing from ethnographic research in abortion clinics and their own
experience as abortion counselors, the authors examine current threats to comprehensive abortion
counseling in independent clinics, and the implications of these changes for quality abortion care. In
relation to this, studies not available in English were excluded. So not only do we lack the
infrastructure for transport and transfer, we lack cultural consensus to develop that infrastructure and
ensure its smooth functioning. In reality, randomised controlled trials which meet the inclusion
criteria for the Cochrane review will be difficult to conduct, therefore developments in care will need
to rely upon other forms of evidence. Introduction. Stillbirth is a genetically-controlled trait. Adverse
pregnancy outcomes in rural Maharashtra, India (2008-09): a retrospective cohort study. Abstracts
were assessed for inclusion by AE, CC, CS, SB, SJ and DS. Conclusions Parents’ and healthcare
workers’ experiences of stillbirth can inform training, improve the provision of care and highlight
areas for future research. Statistical analysis Following variable definitions were used in the study.
These initiatives can have impact major causes of stillbirth reported in our study (infections, medical
conditions, growth retardation, induced labour etc.). Risk factors of stillbirths Two key preventable
or manageable findings in our study were congenital malformations and maternal hypertension. The
important thing to keep in mind about authoritative knowledge, Armstrong explained, is that it is
socially constructed. Research is also needed in Low and Middle income countries where additional
challenges for parents and healthcare workers are likely. Yet, even among women for whom religious
beliefs are a primary motivation for choosing home birth, many of those women report some of the
same ideas about birth that other women who choose home births for nonreligious reasons report.
First, many of the risks being considered are what Beck calls “manufactured risks,” that is, risks
created by human intervention, as opposed to risks created by weather or other natural events. High
frequency effect sizes (FES) reflect high levels of reporting of these themes in the literature however,
it is important to recognise that a high FES may reflect the focus of previous research over what is
necessarily important to parents.
Listening was identified as an important skill to staff. Mason E, McDougall L, Lawn JE, Gupta A,
Claeson M, Pillay Y, et al. Produced by California Department of Public Health, Center for Family
Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division, April 2013. Much of the conversation
revolves around how to define and monitor severe maternal morbidity. Study design This study used
following three approaches. Mothers’ experiences of the time after the diagnosis of an intrauterine
death until the induction of the delivery: a qualitative Internet-based study. In the validation phase,
two investigators (AE and CC) completed the data extraction form for the same three papers and
inter-rater reliability was concluded by consensus of the research team (AE, CC, CS, SB, SJ and
DS). In 1976, TIOP I (Toward Improving the Outcome of Pregnancy) described a model system for
regionalized perinatal care that included definitions for varying levels of perinatal care based on both
neonatal and maternal characteristics (March of Dimes, Committee on Perinatal Health, 1976).
Selltiz, c., L. s. Wrightsman, and s. w. Cook. 1976. Research Methods. Recognizing that 39 percent
of deliveries occur in hospitals where there are fewer than 500 deliveries per year, or fewer than
approximately two deliveries per day, clearly not all hospitals can provide the same standard of care.
Provision of bereavement care in neonatal units in the United Kingdom. To study differences among
birth settings, care should be taken to stan-. Yet, these effects remain underreported in the literature
and, consequently, insufficiently addressed in health provider education and practice. For neonatal
data to be meaningfully evaluated, the following types of. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email
or social media with custom GIFs. For sociological and anthropological considerations of childbirth,
see. Armstrong noted that in other societies where home birth is a viable option for women, most
notably in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands, systems have evolved for assessing risk and
ensuring smooth transfer—thus. One major innovation—head and heart counseling—departs in
significant ways from previous conventions of the field and illustrates the complex and changing
political meanings of abortion and therefore the challenges to abortion providers in the years
following Roe v Wade. However, since this classification has health policy and programme related
implication, limited hospital records were supplemented with verbal autopsy interviews to classify
stillbirths as antepartum and intrapartum in this study. The shift from home to hospital births that
occurred during the 1940s, coupled with the use of antibiotics and transfusions in the 1950s, drove
further declines, bringing maternal mortality down to about 7 per 100,000 by 1982. First, many of
the risks being considered are what Beck calls “manufactured risks,” that is, risks created by human
intervention, as opposed to risks created by weather or other natural events. Methods We undertook
a prospective, population-based multi-country research study of all pregnant women in defined
geographic areas across 7 sites in low-resource settings (Kenya, Zambia, Democratic Republic of
Congo, India, Pakistan, and Guatemala). Methods Objective The objective was to review and meta-
summarise studies of parents’ and healthcare workers’ experience of maternity bereavement care for
stillbirth, in Western High-Income-Country hospital settings, with the aim of developing practical
learning points that can be applied to clinical training for healthcare workers. Specific developments
in training and service provision could help to improve care for bereaved parents, which may in turn
improve psychological outcomes for parents. Conclusions Parents’ and healthcare workers’
experiences of stillbirth can inform training, improve the provision of care and highlight areas for
future research. In Chandigarh, due to less distance and good road connectivity, women have better
access to the health facilities. One control (live-birth) for each case (stillbirth) was selected
systematically from the ANM’s Birth Register from the same neighbourhood area to which the case
belonged, matching for the month of birth also. Worse yet, some stillbirths are unexplained even
with a range of diagnostic tests. Among the socio-demographic factors, socio-economic status, caste,
and religion and were not significantly associated with stillbirth in this study. Chalmers, I., and A. M.
Adelstein. 1981. Improving the quality of.
Recognizing that 39 percent of deliveries occur in hospitals where there are fewer than 500
deliveries per year, or fewer than approximately two deliveries per day, clearly not all hospitals can
provide the same standard of care. There is paucity of evidence that addresses the benefits and
drawbacks of care provision and psychological interventions after fetal loss. We have clubbed Civil
Registration System (CRS) and Hospital data as one catch, because Hospitals report to Civil
Registration System (CRS), hence, these cannot be considered as independent sources. Authors’
contributions The study was designed by AE, CS, SJ and DS. Twenty-three parent themes with
thematic sentences were identified and used for calculation of FES (Table 3; Fig. 2 ) and IES
(Additional file 3 ). Prior written informed consent was obtained from every study participants.
Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death. Hospitals should therefore consider
employing specialist bereavement staff to help support parents, act as a lead contact for parents
awaiting follow-up and ensure care pathways are completed in a timely fashion. Abstracts were
assessed for inclusion by AE, CC, CS, SB, SJ and DS. With respect to research, she emphasized the
importance of directly asking women about their preferences and experiences. Global birth
prevalence of Spina bifida by folic acid fortification status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Their potential for influencing any observed associations should be. No-one wants to be described
by their bodily functions. If women choose birth outside the hospital, it is not because they are
reckless or heedless of risks. She also suggested promoting more services in areas and neighborhoods
where non-Hispanic black women live and training more minority care providers. For vaginal birth
parents need information, advice and support at every step. In addition to feelings about control and
safety, trust appears to be another determinant of home birth choice. No previous research has
systematically analysed the available evidence on parents’ views on the experience of going through
a stillbirth, or key healthcare workers experiences of caring for couples dealing with a stillbirth.
Selltiz, c., L. s. Wrightsman, and s. w. Cook. 1976. Research Methods. Yet, even among women for
whom religious beliefs are a primary motivation for choosing home birth, many of those women
report some of the same ideas about birth that other women who choose home births for nonreligious
reasons report. Referencing several older papers (Aubry and Pennington. In the realm of birth,
obstetrics embodies authoritative knowledge. We welcome diverse views and encourage discussion
but we ask that comments are respectful and reserve the right to not publish any we consider
offensive. Ninety-eight (86.0%) surveys from 66 countries collected stillbirth data adequately to
calculate a stillbirth rate, while 16 surveys from 12 countries did not. Paul, R. H., K. s. Koh, and A.
H. Monfared. 1979. Obstetric factors. The declines were driven by many technical and political
changes, starting in 1933 when the first maternal and child morbidity and mortality reviews were
convened. Therefore, the selection of brand ambassador is very important to because the use of
brand ambassador is expected to influence Self-Brand Connection, and Brand Equity. Four
superordinate themes relating to the human impact of stillbirth emerged from the data: maintaining
hope, importance of the personhood of the baby, protective care and relationships (personal and
professional). Where (setting) and how (under the care of which providers) can good births happen
as often as possible. Introduction. Stillbirth is a genetically-controlled trait.
Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Bereaved parents
conceptualized the study, participating at all stages of research, analyses, and drafting. Stillbirth: the
mother’s experience and implications for improving care. Burnett, c. A., J. A. Jones, J. Rooks, c. B.
Chen, c. w. Tyler, and. Chandigarh is located in northern India which has better per capita income
than rest of the county. Fourth, as Beck (1999) contends, some social actors have greater authority
than others to define risk. The implication was that older women are not as healthy as younger
women and therefore may perceive pregnancy as a riskier experience than younger women do.
England, J. M. 1975. Medical research: A Statistical and Epidemio-. The participant emphasized that
this is very different than what is happening in the United States, where a growing percentage of
women are seeking home deliveries. As both Beck (1992, 1999) and Giddens (1999) argue, modern
life is increasingly perceived in terms of danger and organized around the pursuit of safety. This has
led to reduction in sample size, and some of the risk factor estimates having very wide confidence
intervals are difficult to interpret. Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death.
Hospitals should therefore consider developing a bereavement suite for parents experiencing a
stillbirth. As international definitions of stillbirth vary and many papers researched a combination of
fetal loss types it was difficult to set a gestational age for study exclusion without losing a large
amount of relevant data therefore, only studies exclusively addressing miscarriage, fetal loss before
24 weeks, lethal fetal diagnosis or neonatal death were excluded. As one kind of knowledge begins
to dominate, other knowledge systems are delegitimized and dismissed (Jordan, 1980, 1997). We
recognise that access to healthcare and cultural differences in other countries may lead to different
results and recommendations and therefore our findings need to be interpreted with caution in other
locations. We recommend better ante-natal and intra-natal care can achieve the goal of single digit
status of stillbirth rate by 2025. The predictions can be used to streamline resources to those who
need them most and avoid overuse of technology and intervention. Danziger, s. K. 1978. The uses of
expertise in doctor-patient encounters. Referencing several older papers (Aubry and Pennington.
Menard called for a greater understanding of essential resources for each of the various birth settings,
predictors of neonatal complications to guide decisions about level of neonatal care (i.e., predictors
beyond the context of birth weight, which is how most current neonatal care criteria are based),
predictors of maternal complications to guide decisions about level of maternal care, and predictors
that should prompt maternal transport. Out of these about 98% of the third-trimester stillbirths
occurred in low-income and middle-income countries. Results From 2010 through 2018, 573,148
women were enrolled with delivery data obtained. People have some idea of what it is, and that it’s
a horrible tragedy, but beyond that, it’s something most people have never really had to think about
(thankfully). The meta-summary method allows inclusion of studies of varied methodology that
would not be considered for inclusion in Cochrane reviews. Participants underwent a standardised
protocol including maternal interview, medical record abstraction, placental pathology, biospecimen
testing and, in stillbirths, post-mortem examination. Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration
towards 2030. Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging content for
every channel. More Features Connections Canva Create professional content with Canva, including
presentations, catalogs, and more. Sometimes, the literature review is the most challenging part of
writing a dissertation or thesis.