LAE LLARNEN

Q1. Define stress. (2Marks)

Ans. Stress can be defined as the pattern of responses an organism

makes to the stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and
itexceeds a person's ability to cope;
() It is neither a stimulus nr a response, it is a transactional
process between the individual and his environmental
demands.
(ii) Hans selye defines as the the known specific response of
the body to any demand'. It means regardless of the cause
of threat, the individual will respond with the same
physiological pattern of reactions.
 2L Ch 2 -Importa

Q2. How is stress a basic ingredient of life? (2 Marks )

Ans.
Stress is a basic ingredient of life;
Our biological system is equipped with some stress alarms
that are essential for survival and allow one to function
effectively in many situations.
ii. Without undergoing stress, there can be no constructive
and creative activity.

ii. For examples, certain amount stress is necessary to

perform better in exams/ assignment etc.
 SLADE LSARNER

Q3. What isstress resistant personality? (3 Marks )

Ans. Studies by Kobasa have shown that people with high levels of stress but low
levels of illness are labelled as stress- resistant personality. They share
three characteristics which are referred to as the personality traits of
hardiness. It consists if ;
cOMMITMENT- Commitment in terms of a sense of personal commitment to
what one is doing.
Stress- resistant personalities have commitment to work, family, hobbies
and social life.

CONTROL- An individual should have a sense of control over his life.

stress- resistant personalities have control in terms of a sense of purpose
and direction in life

CHALLENGE- An individual should always be ready to face challenges in life.

stress- resistant personalities view changes in life as normal and positive
rather than as a threat
 He ath
BLADE LEARNER

Q4. How resilience and health are related to each other? (3 Marks)

Ans. Resilience has been described as the capacity to 'bounce back' in

stressful situations.
" It is manifested in the form of self worth, self confidence,
independence and self- resilience.
Resilient children can face adversity and lead psychologically
healthy and meaningful life.

Resilience is defined in the perspective of three resources

a) Ihave (social strength - trust people around me)
b) Iam (inner strength i.e high self esteem)
c) Ican (inner- personal and problem- solving skills)
~to develop resilience, children and adolescents need to have more
than one of these strengths.
 LADE LEARNER

Q6. How positive health and well-being can be achieved through positive attitude? (4 Marks )

Ans.
Positive health and well- being can be realized by
i. Perceiving the reality fairly accurately
i. Tolerating and understanding different point of view
i. Having a sense of purpose in life
iv. Having a sense of responsibility, accepting blame for failures and
taking credit for success.
V. Being open to new ideas, activities or ways of doing things.
vi. Having a good sense humor, to be able to laugh at oneself and
absurdities of life helps to see things in their proper perspective.
 BLADE LEARNER

Q7. Explain the various types of stressors. (4 Marks )

Ans. Physical and environment stress- physical stresses are demands that
change the state of our body. For example, disabilities, malnutrition, injury
etc. environmental stresses are aspects of our surroundings that are often
unavoidable such as air pollution,noise, crowding, heat etc. they can also
be catastrophic events or disasters such as tsunami
Psychological stress- this is stress that we generate ourselves in our
minds. These are personal and unique to the person experiencing them and
are internal sources of stress. Like pressure, conflict and frustration.
Social stress- it is induced from external factors and results from
interaction with other people. Social events like death or illness in the
family, strained relationships, rapid social change, poverty, discrimination
andlack of social support are stress.
- However the intensity and magnitude of the impact of these are a subject
to individual diferences
Q8.' Stressors result in a variety of Stress Reactions'. (6 Marks )

Ans. 1. Stressors result in a variety of stress reactions, which may be

physiological, behavioural, emotional and cognitive.

2. Physiological level arousal plays a key role in stress- related

behaviours. The hypothalamus initiates action along two pathways. The first
pathway involves the autonomic nervous system. The adrenal gland
releases large amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood
stream. This leads to psychological changes seen in the flight-fight
response. The second pathway involves the pituitary gland, which secretes
the corticosteroid (cortisol) which provides energy.
3. The emotional reactions to experience of stress include negative
emotions such as fear, anxiety, embarrassment, anger, depression or eve
denial.

Continue.
Ans. 4. The behavioural responses are virtually limitless, depending on the
of the stressful event. Confrontative action against the stressor
(fight) and withdrawal from the threatening event (flight) are two general
categories of behavioural responses.
5. Cognitive responses include beliefs about the harm or threat an event
poses and beliefs about its causes or controllability. These include
responses such as inability to concentrate, and intrusive, repetitive or
morbid thoughts.