Structure Ref:

Vertical Temperature Differences Using Non-Linear Effects

BS 5400-2:2006 Clause 5.4.5

Construction Depth h = 225 mm

Depth of Surfacing ds = 0 mm
Positive Type 3 Reverse
Idealised Section h1 = 135 h1 = 135
h2 = 400 h2 = 400
T1 = T1 = 17 T1 = -6.675

Temperature
Differences
Section Details:
Top Bottom Top Bottom Modulus Coeff.
Positive Width Width Depth Temp. Temp. of E. aT x 10-6
Section 1 605.3 605.3 135 17.0 4 205000 12
605.3 605.3 90 4.0 3.265 205000 12
Section 2 400 400 30 3.265 3.02 205000 12
Section 3 17 17 370 3.02 0 205000 12
17 17 1060 0 0 205000 12
Section 4 750 750 40 0 0 205000 12
Reverse
Section 1 605.3 605.3 135 -6.68 0 205000 12
605.3 605.3 90 0.00 0 205000 12
Section 2 400 400 30 0.00 -0.6 205000 12
Section 3 17 17 370 -0.60 -8 205000 12
17 17 1060 -8.00 -8 205000 12
Section 4 750 750 40 -8 -8 205000 12
Using the strain method described in 'Concrete Bridge Design to BS 5400'

h
For force equilibrium sbzdz = 0
0
h
For moment equilibrium sbzzdz = 0
0

The stress s at level z is s = Ez(e0+yz-aztz)

The axial strain e0 and curvature y can be obtained by substituting the equation for
stress s into the equations for force and moment equilibrium.

Positive Reverse
Axial strain e0 = -1.86E-05 Axial strain e0 = -9.9E-05
Curvature y = 6.635E-08 Curvature y = 4.61E-08
Centroid of Section = 458.9196 mm Centroid of Section = 458.9196 mm
EI about centroid = 15287368 kNm2 EI about centroid = 15287368 kNm2
EA for Section = 41513012 kN EA for Section = 41513012 kN
 Releasing Moment M = -1014.308 kNm Releasing Moment M = -705.216 kNm
Releasing Force F = 2713.681 kN Releasing Force F = -1691.33 kN

The stresses due to a releasing force and releasing moment can now be calculated using
the values for e0 and y.

Stresses due to Positive Temperature Differences

Depth from Restrained Releasing Releasing Self-equilibrating
top Stress Force Moment stresses (N/mm2)
0 -41.82 13.40073 6.242055 -22.1772
135 -9.84 13.40073 4.405835 7.966562
225 -8.032654 13.40073 3.181688 8.549762
255 -7.430204 13.40073 2.773639 8.744162
625 0 13.40073 -2.25897 11.14176
1685 0 13.40073 -16.6767 -3.27597
1725 0 13.40073 -17.2208 -3.82003
Stresses due to Reverse Temperature Differences
Depth from Restrained Releasing Releasing Self-equilibrating
top Stress Force Moment stresses (N/mm2)
0 16.4205 -8.35214 4.339902 12.40826
135 0 -8.35214 3.063236 -5.28891
225 0 -8.35214 2.212126 -6.14002
255 1.476 -8.35214 1.928423 -4.94772
625 19.68 -8.35214 -1.57059 9.757271
1685 19.68 -8.35214 -11.5948 -0.26692
1725 19.68 -8.35214 -11.973 -0.64519
Notation: Tensile stresses are positive.

Self-equilibrating stresses for Self-equilibrating stresses for Reverse

Positive Temperature Difference Temperature Difference
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
-800 -800
-1000 -1000
-1200 -1200
-1400 -1400
-1600 -1600
-1800 -1800
-2000 -2000