PACIFIC ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH UNIVERSITY,

UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate and DR. LOKESH YADAV

Address (in block letters) POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DEBARI,
UDAIPUR – 313024

2. Name of the Institute PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DEBARI,

UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN.

3. Course of the Study and MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY PUBLIC HEALTH

Subject DENTISTRY

4. Date of admission to the 1/ 9/ 2023

course
5. Title of the Topic “ ASSESSMENT OF ORAL MUCOSAL CONDITIONS,
PERIODONTAL STATUS AND TREATMENT NEEDS
AMONG 35-44 YEAR OLD WOMEN BEEDI ROLLERS IN
UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN.”

6. Brief resume of the India is the third largest tobacco producing country in the
intended work world. It is believed that tobacco was introduced by
6.1 Need for the Portuguese traders during 1600 AD. 1,2 Tobacco use among
study: women is prevalent in all regions of India and among all
sections of society. Overall 2.4% of women smoke and 12%
chew tobacco. Since women beedi rollers have easier access

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 to tobacco they may be more predisposed to smokeless
tobacco habits. Tobacco in any form,
either smoked or smokeless, can cause a wide spectrum of
oral mucosal lesions. The type and location of the alteration
or lesion varies with the type of tobacco used, the way it is
used, and the frequency and duration of use. 2 Due to
exposure to raw tobacco, smokeless tobacco habits and
neglect of oral health due to their poor standard of living,
lack of time, financial instability, and lack of access to
health care facilities, the women beddi rollers are
predisposed to oral diseases.
In this study beedi rollers in the 35-44 year age group is
consider. This age group is the standard monitoring group
for health conditions of adults. The full effect of dental of
dental
caries, the level of severe periodontal involvement and the
general effects of care provided can be monitored using data
for this age group. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use,
oral mucosal conditions, periodontal status, dentition status
and treatment needs of women beedi rollers needs to be
evaluated to enable us to suggest any possible remedial
measures to improve their oral health status.
6.2 Review of
literature: 1. AL-Bayaty FH et al (2010) 3 conducted a study in 80
individuals, current smokers 26, non smokers 27, and former
smokers 27.Information was collected regarding
socioeconomic status, medical history and history of
cigarette smoking and the subjects were examined. The
periodontal variables recorded were amount of visible
plaque score, gingival bleedin index and community
periodontal index. It shows that mucosal status is

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
clearly associated with smoking.

2. Singh GP et al (2011) 4 conducted a study to evaluate the

effects of commonly used smokeless tobacco forms on
periodontal health in a local population oh Lucknow. A
cross-
sectional study was conducted among 2045 individuals.
Amongst them 1069 were found to be using some kind of
tobacco. The impact of smokeless forms of tobacco use was
significantly higher on all periodontal health indicators like
plaque index, gingival index, calculus, clinical attachment
loss , gingival recession, mobility, furcation and probing
pocket depth. Both duration and frequency of smokeless
tobacco use significantly affected periodontal health.

3. Tekade AP et al (2012) 5 conducted a study among

chewing tobacco industry workers in Guntur(AP) in the age
group of 16-55 years and 178 males and 247 females were
involved in this study. The complete personal was obtained
regarding tobacco use. They found out that 80.89% men and
82.59% women had tobacco chewing habit, while 68.55%
men and 70.85% women are addicted to the same. The
smoking habit was prevalent among 56.17% males and
3.64% females, while 50% men and 0.8% females were
addicted to smoking.

5
4. Arvind M et al (2018) 6 conducted a study on oral health
consequences of smokeless tobacco use has many oral
effects including oral cancer, leukoplakia and erythroplakia,
oral

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 submucous fibrosis, loss of periodontal support and staining
of teeth and composite restoration. This review was aimed to
provide information to identify oral lesions that occur due to
the use of smokeless tobacco so that effective interventions
can be undertaken to reduce morbidity and mortality from
the use of smokeless tobacco.

5.Baishya B et al (2019) 7 conducted a study on oral hygiene

status, oral hygiene practices and periodontal health of brick
kiln workers of Odisha.408 subjects (300 males and 108
females) between the ages of 22 and 65 years. Data were
collected through personal interview and clinical
examinations. Overall prevalence of periodontal diseases
among brick workers was 86.27%. Periodontal disease was
significantly associated with age oral hygiene practices and
tissues abuse habits.

6.3 Aim and Aim : To assess the oral mucosal condition, periodontal
Objectives of the status, dentition status and treatment needs among 35-44
study year old women beedi rollers in Udaipur.

Objectives :
1. To assess the oral mucosal conditions, periodontal
status, dentition status and treatment needs among
women beedi rollers using WHO oral Health
Assessment Proforma (1997).
2. To correlate the effect of number of beedi rolled per
day and duration of beedi rolling on the oral mucosal
conditions, periodontal status, dentition status and
treatment needs.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 3. To compare the oral mucosal conditions, periodontal
status, dentition status and treatment needs among
women beedi rollers with and without smokeless
tobacco use.
4. To suggest any possible remedial measures to
improve the oral health status of women beedi
rollers.
MAR 6.4 Research gap Till date, very few studies have been conducted to assess
K oral health status among community of lawyers .
This will be the first study of its kind which will be
conducted in Udaipur city among lawyers.
7. 7.1 Source of data The study population consist of 35-44 year old women
beedi rollers in Udaipur.
AR 7.2. Materials and STUDY DESIGN: -A cross-sectional study.
Method STUDY SETTING : Udaipur, Rajasthan.
STUDY POPULATION : the study population will consist
of
35-44 year women beedi rollers in Udaipur.
DURATION : 3-6 months

 SAMPLING DESIGN : ASystematic random

sampling method will be used to select lawyers from
the list .
The preparationswill include informed consent from
participants that will participate in the study will be
obtained. Participants will be informed about
participation is voluntary and confidentially of data
will be maintained.All the available lawyers and who
are willing to participate will be examine on the
schedule dates till the desired sample size obtained.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
INFORMED CONSENT : A consent form consisting of the
basic information about the study and about voluntary
participation of study subjects will be given to all study
subjects.

INCLUSION CRITERIA :
 Those who will be available at the time of study.
 Those who will give informed consent.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA :
 Those who will not be willing to participate in study.

PROFORMA : The study proforma will consist of two parts.

The first part consist of structured questionnaire to record
the socio-demographic profile and their exposure to tobacco.
The second part will be for recording clinical data which
will collected by using Type III examination (ADA). The
oral mucosal conditions, periodontal status, dentition status
and treatment need will be recorded using WHO Oral Health
Assessment Proforma (1997). Subjects requiring treatment
will be referred to the college.

SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION :

• The sample size is calculated based on the
prevalence of dental caries from previous study
conducted :
The formula used to calculate the sample size :
• n = NZ2 P(1-P)
2
d (N-1)

 n=Sample size

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
  N= population size

 Z=Standard normal deviation(1.96 for 95%

confidence level)
 P= prevalence taken from previous study (76%)
 Q=100-P=34%
 L=allowable error taken as (3.8)
 d= precision (5%, then d=0.05)
n = 584
Round off = 600

METHOD OF EXAMINATION :
WHO Oral Health Assessment form, 2013 will be used to
record oral health status for each subject by using mouth
mirror and WHO probe under natural light and . Sterilized
instruments will be used for examination of each research
subject. Used instruments will be placed in disinfectant
solution, then washed, and drained well before sterilization.
Proper sterilization protocol will be followed, lawyers will
be examined under daylight.According to the convenience
the schedule dates and sequence will be fixed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:The collected data will be

entered in the Microsoft Excel Sheet and analyzed using the
SPSS, Version 22.0 statistical package (IBM Corporation).
A t-test, chi square test, ANOVA testwill be used to
compare the distribution of oral health status variables.
7.3. Does the study YES
require any  Questionnaire to assess the demographic profile.
investigation (or)

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 intervention to be  Oral mucosal conditions, periodontal status,
conducted on patients dentition status and treatment need will be recorded
(or) other humans (or) with WHO oral health survey proforma 1997 using
animals? If so explorer and mouth mirror.
describe briefly:
7.4. Has ethical YES
clearance been
obtained from your
institution?
8. List of references:
1. The ILO Beedi Industry in India: An
Overview.Improving Working Conditions and
Employment Opportunities for Women Workers
in Beedi Industry. Beedi Industry Workshop,22-
23 February 2001, Mangalore (Karnataka) 2001.

2. Reddy KS, Gupta PC. Report on Tobacco

Control in India. Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, New Delhi: Government of
India;2004.

3. Al-Bayaty FM, Baharuddin NA, Abdulla MA.

The Relationship between Serum Cotinine
levels and Periodontal Status. Online Journal of
Biological Sciences,2010;10(2):54-59

4. Sing GP, Rizvi I, Gupta V, Bains VK.

Influence of smokeless tobacoo on periodontal
health status in local population of north India:
A cross-sectional study.Dental Research Journal

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 ,2011;8(4):211-220.

5. Tekade AP, Srijampana VV, Silpa G, Babu SL,

Sarathi VY. A study on tobacco consumption in
various forms among the tobacco field workers.
International journal of biological and medical
research.2012;3(2):1509-1511.

6. Arvind M, Saman W. Oral health consequences of

smokeless tobacco use. The Indian journal of
medical research.2018;148(1):35.

7. Baishya B, Satpathy A, Nayak R, Mohanty R. Oral

hygiene status, oral hygiene practices and
periodontal health of brick kiln workers of Odisha.
Journal of Indian of Periodontology.2019;23(2):163.

8. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys:

besic methods. 4 th ed. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 1997.
9. Signature of the
candidate

10. Remarks of the Guide

11. Name & Designation

of
(in block letters)
11.1 Guide

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
 11.2 Signature

11.3 Co-Guide (if

any)

11.4 Signature

11.5 Head of the DR. KAILASH ASAWA

Department PROFESSOR AND HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
DEBARI, UDAIPUR – 313024.

11.6 Signature

12. 12.1 Remarks of the

chairman and
Principal
12.2 Signature

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9