Writing a literature review is a challenging task that requires meticulous attention to detail and a

thorough understanding of the subject matter. One of the crucial aspects of a literature review is the
use of proper verb tense, which can significantly impact the clarity and coherence of the writing.

Verb tense in a literature review should be carefully chosen to convey the timeline of research, the
status of current knowledge, and the relevance of past findings to the present study. The choice
between past tense, present tense, or a combination of both depends on the context and the specific
aims of the review.

When discussing previous research studies or findings, it is generally appropriate to use the past
tense. This signals that the research has already been conducted and the findings have been
established. For example:

"The study conducted by Smith et al. (2015) found significant correlations between X and Y."

On the other hand, when discussing current knowledge or stating facts that are generally accepted,
the present tense is often used. This gives the literature review a sense of immediacy and relevance.
For example:

"Jones (2018) argues that these findings suggest a need for further investigation."

In some cases, a combination of past and present tense may be used to distinguish between different
aspects of the literature. For instance:

"Previous studies have shown conflicting results, but recent research supports the hypothesis
proposed by Smith et al. (2020)."

Navigating these nuances of verb tense in a literature review can be daunting for many researchers
and students alike. It requires a keen understanding of the field, careful consideration of the
literature, and precise language use.

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Much like the literary present tense, when writing research papers you can think of your research e.
Before we begin, let's have a quick review of the present tenses. Switching verb tenses can cause
confusion for your readers, so you should be consistent in the tense you use. Wood (2018) and
Winter (2008) used tribal critical race theory to explore the necessity and importance of letting
Native people be the authority on their culture’s representation and allowing them to center their
lived experiences and speak for themselves. A Good Literature Review is:A Good Literature Review
is. We use these in in-text citations to describe the ideas we are citing from authors’ works. Style and
Grammar Guidelines Style and Grammar Guidelines. CATALLYST Dr. NN Chavan Keynote address
on ADNEXAL MASS- APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the. Example of revised information
(past perfect): “The Dublonsky study had determined that X was Y, but a 2012 study found this to
be incorrect.”. For example, to ask questions and make factual statements. Begging the question
fallacy Hasty generalization fallacy Equivocation fallacy False cause fallacy Sunk cost fallacy Deep
learning Generative AI Machine learning Reinforcement learning Supervised vs. Including present-
tense verbs in historical, academic prose can also lead to trouble when, as is inevitable, you must at
some point revert to past-tense verbs. Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest. For that,
benchmarking is the exploration for industry. Or you can write the story in the present tense, as
though it is happening now. A Guideline on How to Write and Publish a Review Paper by prof. How
to Get Started Self-Assessment Optimize Your Study Session Active Study Strategies Recall
Techniques Problem Solving, Experiential Learning, and Critical Thinking Online Learning
Organizational Tools Procrastination, Burnout, and Motivation Concept Maps Studying for Math
Evernote Tutorials: Note-taking and Organization tool Study Blue Tutorial: Note-taking and
Flashcard Tool We are thankful to be welcome on these lands in friendship. Past simple: to provide
historical background In his time, Thoreau concerned himself with living in harmony with nature.
Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Organization of
literature reviewOrganization of literature review. Literature review Literature review How to
Identify the Research Gap While Writing a PhD Dissertation Literature. People writing about
English literature, on the other hand, discuss works in the present tense because readers always
experience the book in the present. The second hypothesis stated that the effect would be stronger for
girls than for boys. Try for free Past simple: for events that began and ended in the past, such as an
experiment We conducted semi-structured interviews with the participants. Modal auxiliary to
indicate lack of a certain outcome or simple future with hedging word: for thoughts on what future
studies might focus on, and for careful predictions Modal auxiliary: Responses to the survey suggest
that many more people in this profession may be unsatisfied with their vacation time. Unleashing the
Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Recently uploaded skeletal system
details with joints and its types skeletal system details with joints and its types Minaxi patil. The
English tense—aspect system has two morphologically distinct tenses, present and past. Overview of
verb tenses and APA recommendations for tense usage in The most commonly used verb tenses in
academic writing, however, are the simple present, simple past, present perfect, and simple future
tenses. Another way to recognize a state inherent aspect is to note whether or not it changes.
Gardner, Reading and Writing About Literature: A Portable Guide, 3rd ed. A few examples were
created by us at Ontario Tech University. Begging the question fallacy Hasty generalization fallacy
Equivocation fallacy False cause fallacy Sunk cost fallacy Deep learning Generative AI Machine
learning Reinforcement learning Supervised vs. This past verb is clearly similar if not identical to the
Greek aorist, which is considered a tense but is more summary of return of the homework machine
an review literature. All living things share features that are alike and there are also differences.
Structure. Modal auxiliary to indicate lack of a certain outcome or simple future with hedging word:
for thoughts on what future studies might focus on, and for careful predictions Modal auxiliary:
Responses to the survey suggest that many more people in this profession may be unsatisfied with
their vacation time. Yet every time you open the book or go to the theater, they live again. A perfect
example is the glass metaphor: Is the glass half full or is it half empty. Berry (2022) and Gimmel et
al. (2020) discovered that young people in foster care are at high risk for psychiatric disorders and
poor long-term functional outcomes. Re commendations they make in relation to verb tenses are
summarized below. Another way to recognize a state inherent aspect is to note whether or not it
changes. We use the simple present to talk about habits, facts that are always true, and states in the
present. The SKESL System - Learn ESL - English as a Second Language. The journal has no in-
house rule on this. A. Since the use of the present tense in literature reviews is widely accepted, and
since any decision about where to cut off “past” from “present” literature would have to be arbitrary,
using the present tense for everything is a fine option. Use the present tense when writing the
Discussion section. Language testing and evaluation validity and reliability. Again, sentences may
use both the active and passive voice. For example, if someone were to hate vegetables because they
are allergic, this state of hate is unchanging and thus, a state inherent aspect. People writing about
English literature, on the other hand, discuss works in the present tense because readers always
experience the book in the present. Audio: Additional guidance APA provides around verb tense
relates to voice, which is the relationship between a verb and the subject and object in a sentence.
Listen to English and learn English with podcasts in English. Report structure Analysing issues for a
report Business report What is a business report. Structure of review articlesStructure of review
articles. Mrs. Faulkner. Millions of species live on Earth, and scientists have identified and described
many, but not all of these. For example, to ask questions and make factual statements. Making it the
most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students. Using the pluperfect subjunctive puts the
lying farther into the past than the past subjunctive, which has a thread connecting it to the present
like the passe compose does. So, in describing characters or recapitulating the plots found in
literature, it's best to use the present tense. And that makes for more dispassionate and thus more
persuasive historical writing. But they can have other illocutionary forces or additional modal
components.
The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of
literature such as novels and plays). Prominent in this category are Chinese and American Sign
Languagewhich both differentiate many aspects but and exclusively on optional time-indicating
terms to pinpoint an action with respect to time. There is currently no equivalent 7th edition page, but
we're working on one. Advantages And Limitations Of Agile Software Development. Language
testing and evaluation validity and reliability. The academic proofreading tool has been trained on
1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Present simple: to describe a tool’s function
(which does not change over time) Multivariate linear regressions are relevant to use for sets of
correlated random variables. Does Angela have time to help us with this project. Different sections
of academic papers ( theses, dissertations and essays) tend to use different tenses. We have found
interviews, observations, archival data and metrics being applicable to software engineering case
studies (perfect). The second hypothesis stated that the effect would be stronger for girls than for
boys. Shop the CMOS Merch Store CMOS for PerfectIt Proofreading Software Citation,
Documentation of Sources Q. And that makes for more dispassionate and thus more persuasive
historical writing. The journal has no in-house rule on this. A. Since the use of the present tense in
literature reviews is widely accepted, and since any decision about where to cut off “past” from
“present” literature would have to be arbitrary, using the present tense for everything is a fine option.
Investigating My Personal Experience Through A Narrative. The verb tense you use for a given
sentence or phrase depends on your position as the author to the material you are discussing. When
printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Use appropriate verb tenses for specific
paper sections, as described on the Verb Tense page. Present perfect: for past research still relevant to
the paper’s current research Past simple: to describe specific steps or actions of past researchers, the
only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing - try for free. But they can have
other illocutionary forces or additional modal components. Investigating My Personal Experience
Through A Narrative. Based upon the professor's judgment of what punctuality is, he or she may
make that assumption of the situation with the student. The prospective aspect is a combination of
tense and aspect that indicates the action is in preparation to take place. How do first line
manufacturing supervisors decide whether or not to participate in employee engagement programs.
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the
social sciences. The present progressive: Researchers are investigating the effectiveness of the use of
case studies in engineering. Fischler School of Education Summer Conference 2012. At these times,
it's helpful to split the author into two personas, the authorial voice the one writing the text and the
historical figure who lived and (unless that author is a contemporary) died. The literary present is
customarily used when writing about as well as fiction— and as well as novels, plays, and poems.
You can follow any responses to this entry through the feed. APA Style provides a foundation for
effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, concise, and
inclusive manner.