In the previus sections I have explained about visual impairement and

characteristics of visually impaired parson, in this section I am going to

talk about the couses of visual impairement.Visual impairement can be
caused by many ways and the couses differ significantly between
regions, with the prevalence of cataract being lowest and macular
degeneration being greatest in high-income regions.Globally, the
leading causes of blindness and moderate and severe visual
impairement include uncorrected refractive error, cataract and macular
degeneration.An study in the year 2010 shows that the magnitude of
individuals affected by blindness and moderate and severe VI caused by
uncorrected refractive error increased from 6.3 million and 88.0 million
in 1990 to 6.8 million and 101.2 million in 2010, respectivelly.In our
continent Africa the main causes of moderate and severe VI in adults
are cataracts and diseases affecting the cornea and retina.Lets see the
main causes of visual impairment
Cataract
A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. A
cataract begins when proteins in the eye form clumps that prevent the
lens from sending clear images to the retina. The retina works by
converting the light that comes through the lens into signals.They often
develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the
health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by
an abnormally high pressure in your eye. Glaucoma is one of the leading
causes of blindness for people over the age of 60.
Infections
Childhood blindness can be caused by conditions related to pregnancy,
such as congenital rubella syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity.
Leprosy and onchocerciasis each blind approximately 1 million
individuals in the developing world.One of infectios disease that affect
eye is trachoma.Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection causes a roughening of the inner
surface of the eyelids. This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes,
breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual
blindness.However the number of individuals blind from trachoma has
decreased in the past 10 years from 6 million to 1.3 million, putting it in
seventh place on the list of causes of blindness worldwide.
Injuries
Our eyes can be injured from many accidents like
Car Accidents.
Side Effects from Dangerous Drugs.
Defective Products.
Dangerous Toys.
Chemicals.
Dog Bites.
Workplace Accidents.
Fires and Explosions.
Genetic defects
People can inherit visual impairement genetically for example People
with albinism often have vision loss to the extent that many are legally
blind.Another genetic eye disease is Laber congenital amaurosis (LCA).
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited eye disease that
appears at birth or in the first few months of life.