Revision Paper 1 Molefi Sss

Revision Paper 1 Molefi SSS
REVISION QUESTIONS PAPER 1

MOLEFI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
SECTION A (2012)
1. (a) Describe any theological definition of religion. [2]

 A set of beliefs involving a supernatural being who has influence
over people’s lives. (Supernatural being can be Modimo in ATR,
Allah in Islam etc.)
(b) Discuss two ways in which religion can cause problems in

society. [4]
 Religious wars – It happens when people have different religious

beliefs, e.g. Muslims and Christians in Nigeria continually fight,
this often displaces families and leads to loss of lives and orphan
hood.
 Oppressive practices – ATR practice of polygamy: this leads to
spread of HIV hence loss of breadwinners and skilled people.
 Denial of people’s rights – Some religions use their teachings like
‘ga-di etelelwe pele ke manamagadi’ in ATR to deny women
leadership rights, this undermines their intelligence.
(c) Examine two ways why it was easy for other world religions to
be established in Botswana. [4]
 Batswana’s desire to have western education- missionaries

taught them to read and write so that they can read the Bible e.g.
Livingstone taught kgosi Sechele.
 Chiefs wanted to acquire guns for protection because of Mfecane
wars.
 Economic factors (Trade) – Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus came
as traders. Batswana welcomed them and they traded in process
of acquiring things they couldn’t produce.
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 Freedom of worship – Batswana had long practiced democracy

which included freedom of worship. Batswana liked the nature of
new beliefs, teachings and practices some of which were different
from their tradition.
 Religious tolerance- freedom of worship has made it easy for
Batswana to be tolerant of other religions.
 Stable political situation- Botswana is a democratic country,
hence the peace and tranquillity that has been reigning since
independence.
 Converting religions- some world religions have been preaching
their doctrines to Batswana to convert them to their religions
 The concept of botho- Because of Batswana’s hospitality, the
missionaries felt welcomed and hence it was easy for them to
settle and spread Christianity.
2. (a) What does the term sacredness mean? [1]
 Something that is holy, respected and related to the supernatural

being or having some powers.
(b) Discuss any taboo that is associated with sacred places in Africa.
Traditional Religion in Botswana. [3]
 Women on menstruation don’t visit traditional shrines and where

rainmaking and prayers are held. It is believed that she might
defile the place and reduce its sacredness
 Removing shoes when entering sacred places like shrines- this
maintains the sacredness of the area/ putting shoes on tempers
with the dignity and holiness of the place.
 Permission is sought before visiting Tswapong Hills – this ensures
that people don’t temper with the holiness of the place and that
rules pertaining to the place are observed ; it is believed that hills
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are residential places for gods and climbing them would offend
the gods.
c) Discuss three ways in which the roles of men and women

complement each other in African Traditional Religion in
Botswana. [6]
 Men are providers and protectors and Women are child bearers
–this gives both economic rights over family set up.
 Men and women plough fields during ploughing season, the
man handles the beast like cattle, donkey and while the
woman directs the plow.
 Women cook food for the whole family and nursing younger
children while men milk cows and look after domestic animals
and hunt to bring food at home.
3a) Name any early missionary who worked among Batswana and the
mission station he/she established. [2]
 Robert Moffatt – Kuruman
 David Livingstone – Kolobeng
(b) Explain why the following values are important for Christian
churches in Botswana
i) Unity [2]
 Encourages religious tolerance and cooperation while
minimising conflicts
 Christian churches can share ideas and learn from one
another.
ii) Dialogue [2]
 creates harmonious relationships between Christian
belonging to different church denominations
 They can come together to address social issues like drugs,
crime and moral decay in society.
(c) Describe any two challenges which threatened the spread of

Christianity in Botswana. [4]
 Language barriers between early missionaries and Batswana

– They didn’t understand Setswana and Batswana too didn’t
understand English so communication was difficult because
there was no common language.
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 Tropical diseases such as malaria – missionaries were not

comfortable to go to malaria infected areas like Ngamiland,
they feared that they might die hence couldn’t spread
Christianity to such areas.
 Journey from Europe to Africa was not comfortable- there
were neither aeroplanes nor steam ship. The only available
transport at the time was sailing ships which were not
designed for comfort and sometimes resulted in ship wrecks,
hence some missionaries died even before they could reach
Africa.
 Hostility from some chiefs- some chiefs were hostile to the
missionaries
 Missionaries were from a totally different culture and therefore
could not understand African culture
 Unavailability of good roads- which made it difficult for
missionaries to reach remote areas
4a) Explain the term loyalty. [2]
 Faithfulness to a person group or ideas. E.g. Faithfulness

between husband and wife
 Acting upon promises, commitment one made to person, group
or ideas.
b) Describe two ways through which Christians express their

loyalty to God. [4]
 Tithing – give 10% of their income to acknowledge God as their

source
 Baptism – total immersion in water to show washing away of sins
 Obedience to God’s commandments e.g. The Ten
Commandments
 Love for fellowmen
 When loyalty to authority conflicts with loyalty to God, loyalty to
God takes precedence
c) Give four qualities of a good leader. [4]
 Listen to the needs and desires of the group and fulfils them.
 Be willing and ready to accept the role of leadership.
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 Sufficient intelligence to lead the group e.g. story of King Solomon

and two women who had conflicts over a child when one of them
mistakenly killed her child.
 Cooperation
 Emotional intelligence
 Good interpersonal skills – know how to relate with people and
possess those skills.
5a) Explain the term global epidemic. [2]
 Diseases that affect large number of people in the world at the

same time e.g. HIV, Cancer, Ebola, Covid 19
(b) Describe two ways in which Buddhism seeks to bring justice to

the society [4]
 Five Precepts – teach followers not to lie, encourages fairness in

relation to others and not to kill and secure people’s lives.
 Buddha taught that natural resources of earth should be shared
equally, this avoids selfishness
 The Eight fold path teaches about right thoughts such as
compassion (they will not ignore the poor, they will strive to help
them with basic needs like food).
(c) Examine how two African traditional religious practices can

negatively affect the environment. [4]
 Animal sacrifices in the bush – can cause veld fires as well as

land degradation.
 Cutting down of trees for medical purposes like sengaparile ,this
cause extinction of such trees and plants, as such they will not
be available for future generation
 Using certain places as sacred e.g. hills, rivers, valleys or caves
may lead to pollution of water sources which is a health hazard
for both people and animals and this may also lead to littering of
the environment.
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SECTION B (2013)
1. (a) State one similarity between African Traditional Religion and
Hinduism. [1]
 The do not have founders

 Are theistic in nature(believe in many gods & goddesses)
 Originated from the experiences & traditions of the people within
which they exist
 Concept of botho/discipline
 Both have arranged marriages
 Initiation schools (Bogwera/Bojale for ATR AND Upanayana/
Ritu Kala Samskara for Hinduism)
(b) Examine one way which the ethical dimension of religion

enhances social harmony. [3]
 As a value system – controls the morals, conduct, behaviour of

believers through promoting social values like love, compassion,
this values promote unity and social harmony.
 As a legal system – ethics state rules & expected standards of
behaviour of followers , things like Ten Commandments , 5
precepts of Buddhism ensure good relationships among people
(c) Explain three factors of which contributed to the proliferation

of religious in Botswana. [6]
 Botswana’s Constitution – allows freedom of worship hence

many religions came in to Botswana.
 Migration – technology has turned our planet into a global village
therefore people move from one place to another as immigrants
& carry their religion to Botswana,
 Evangelism – other religions evangelise & convert people to their
religion e.g. Christianity, Baha’i Faith, etc.
 Employment opportunities – Some people brought their religions
when they were in search of jobs or when they found jobs in the
country.
 Stable political situation- Botswana is a democratic country
hence peace and tranquillity
2. (a) According to African Traditional Religion in Botswana, what

two roles in the universe are played by human beings? [4]
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 They are stewards or caretakers of other forms of life

 They pro-create for the continuation of human life
 They are co-creators with God i.e. they develop what God has
created
(b) Describe two positive effects of modern development on sacred

places. [4]
 Fencing of sacred places for conservation purpose- this attracts

tourists who pay money for viewing them & empowers people
around them financially.
 They are protected in various ways e.g. enforcing laws & rules
which enable them to remain in their original form.
(c) Explain two ways in which BOTHO has promoted peace &
harmony in Botswana. [4]
 It has broken class distinction – All people are seen as equals,

leading to no discrimination based on colour & religion.
 United people through tribal – intermarriages & the use of the
local official languages. This has made people to respect each
other.
 Has promoted tolerance among people through its emphasis on
the virtue of hospitality.
3. (a) State two methods the early missionaries used to spread

Christianity in Botswana. [2]
 Trained Batswana evangelists

 Converted chiefs , so that they would use their authority to
convert their people
 Introduced literacy , so that people could be able to read & write
 Medical assistance- Christians were offered modern medical
services
 Training Batswana in special skills
 Living among communities
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(b) Asses how the missionaries participated in the politics of

Botswana. [4]
 John Mackenzie influenced British government to protect land of

Batswana against Boer expansion, hence Botswana was declared
British protectorate.
 Some missionaries acted as interpreters, secretaries of chiefs in
relations between Batswana & Europeans, However missionaries
supported Christian rules against Non-Christian ones. Some
missionaries got involved in Tswana internal politics e.g.
Reverend Wookey supported removal of Sekgoma Letsholathebe
from chieftainship, he did this because Sekgoma defended
Tswana culture against influence of Christianity, missionaries
drafted Bechuanaland constitution.
(c) “The church should not be involved in politics”

State two arguments that support the above statement. [4]
 Church is of God and politics is of the world. The mission of

church is not of this world; some politicians are corrupt and can
abuse power. Church should be loyal to the teachings of its
master and speak against corruption. Church is holy and politics
is dirty; the two don’t go together.
 Politics may derail those who are called by God; that is, diverting
their attention from serving God and working for the Kingdom of
God, to becoming full participants in the affairs of the secular
world
4. (a) Identify and explain two Christian teachings on justice [4]
 Mercy, righteousness, gentleness, humanity and empathy are

Christian values associated with justice. People who display these
values are blessed.
 Justice is concerned with reconciliation and not revenge.
Christianity emphasizes love for one’s enemy and doing good for
them.
 Justice would prevail if one would treat others as one would like
to be treated (golden rule)
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b) Explain how one of Jesus ` teachings on authority is similar to the

modern understanding of the concept. [3]
 Jesus teaches that authority is to serve, not to dominate. In

modern times, leaders are to serve by caring for the needy and
poor. They should show concern and pray for them and meet
their needs e.g. donate food to them. Jesus served and ensured
that the hungry were fed e.g. fed five thousand people with five
loaves and two fish.
(c) State three ways which Jesus demonstrated the value of love
when dealing with the needy. [3]
 Raised son of widow of Nain from death

 Raised daughter of Jairus from death
 Through parable of good Samaritan, Jesus expressed that people
should love all and show mercy
 He broke religions laws to help outcasts e.g. healed the blind
man on a Sabbath day
 He didn’t judge but forgave a woman caught in adultery who
people were ready to stone.
5. (a) state three ways in which religions assists people who are
affected by natural disaster [3]
 Counselling – so that they cope

 Donations of food, clothing
 Give temporary shelter e.g. tents to people to have dignity
 Give money
(b) Examine one challenge which is often a result of religious

tolerance in pluralistic societies [3]
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 Value conflicts – clash of the values: some people may find

themselves accepting the intolerable
 Compromise fundamentalism – one end up not strictly following
the rules and teachings of religion in order to accommodate
different religious views.
c) Describe two views of followers of African Traditional Religion on

global epidemics [4]
 Breaking of taboos- they believe that ancestors are displeased

when people go against social prohibitions e.g. eating ones totem.
 Evil forces are a cause of epidemic - they associate them with
witchcraft. They believe that witches have magical power to cause
misfortune/bad luck/omen.
 Punishment from ancestors since people have deviated from
culture
 Falling moral standards
 Health is symptomatic of current relationship between people
and their environment
SECTION C (2014)
1. (a) Explain one way in which African Traditional Religion expresses

itself. [2]
 Beliefs – belief in ancestors – they are believes to be part of family

on earth. They bless or punish family on earth.
 Rituals, ceremonies and festivals like initiation ceremonies,
weddings, harvest festivals, etc.
 Through shrines, sacred places( graves, hills, caves etc.) and
sacred objects
 Through art and symbols- Art is found on wood, stools,
calabashes, domestic animals and human bodies
 Through music and dance- the religious rituals, ceremonies and
festivals are always accompanied by music, singing and dancing.
 Through proverbs, riddles and wise sayings- Proverbs provide
with people with a rich source of wisdom. Riddles are mainly used
for entertainment and for stimulating people’s thinking
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 Through names of people and places- many African names of

people and places have meanings. The meanings are often
religious.
(b) Describe the significance of any two practices of African

Traditional Religion. [4]
 Polygamy – marriage of a man to two or more wives at the same

time. It helps in cases of barrenness /infertility. Also helps single
women to be married and have children and helps to avoid
illegitimate children.
 Seantlo- children get a chance to have parental love of both
parents, it allows continued kingship ties with family of diseased
spouse.
 Mafisa – curbs poverty and also promotes values like empathy,
compassion & avoids individualism.
(c) `Religious beliefs should make concern for the environment a

priority. Do you agree? Give reason for your opinion, showing you
have considered other points of view (4)
 I agree with this opinion because the environment is a non-

renewable resource, it can easily get depleted never to be
replaced. ATR in Botswana point out that environment e.g. trees,
land, animals were given by ancestors and therefore should be
protected. Hinduism through Ahimsa- not to destroy all living
things they preserve life, they are vegans because they want to
preserve all living things including plants.
2. (a) Explain the term taboo` [2]
 Prohibitions relating to what can or cannot be done in the society

e.g. it is a taboo to eat a totem
(b) Describe two duties of women in African Traditional Religion in

Botswana. [4]
 Child bearing – women were expected to bear children to

continue family. No place for singlehood in ATR.
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 Do household chores – they stay at home and do chores like

cooking , they are caretakers of their homes and families
(c) Explain the significance of traditional doctors’ divining bones

(ditaola) and hills in African Traditional Religion [4]
 Divining bones are used diagnose sickness, any kind of

misfortune, joblessness, etc. so that an appropriate solution can
be found while hills are sacred places where rituals and worship
can be done because ancestors dwell there.
3. (a) Explain the importance of family relationship in Christianity.

[2]
 Emotional support (love, security and protection)

 Material support (food, clothing, shelter)
(b) Compare two ways in which the value of marriage is expressed

in African Traditional Religion and in Christianity. [4]
 In ATR marriage is for child – bearing to extend family name in

the clan and in Christianity is procreation (childbearing) to fulfil
God’s command of being fruitful & multiply.
 In ATR marriage is for companionship- people were expected to
be married and it gave them status; there was no place for
singlehood. In Christianity it is also for companionship to
complement & help one another. Eve was created to be Adam’s
companion /helper
(c) Evaluate how Christians view the religious roles of men &
women. [4]
 Some women perform religious duties. They are deaconesses and

priests. This empowers them and gives them chance to
demonstrate their religious potentials, however some Christians
believe that women should not be leaders and only men can be
leaders like Apostle Paul. This denies them roles of leadership
and they viewed as not fully learned in issues of religion.
4. (a) Explain the Christian understanding of loyalty to society. [2]
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 Christians are to be loyal to their masters e.g. coming to work on

time and working diligently.
 Christians are to be loyal to friends (Peter declared his loyalty to
Jesus though he failed to act upon his promise)
 We should be loyal to our nation (e.g. story of Esther)
 There should be loyalty between husband and wife( love one
another and be faithful)
 There should be loyalty between parents and children
(b) Explain one way in which the resurrection of Jesus Christ can
be viewed as a demonstration of God`s love. [2]
 The resurrection of Jesus is a sign that God’s love will triumph

and we trust that he will receive us joyfully into the kingdom of
God to enjoy the fullness of life forever.
(c) Describe three ways in which Christians have contributed

towards the attainment of justice in society [6]
 Charity works – donate food, shelter, and clothing to the needy.

This restores hope to the needy
 Speak for people sentenced to death – working in NGO`s like
Ditshwanelo to plead for mercy for such prisoners in order to
spare their lives.
 Teachings on justice from their Bible – Teach on commandments
such as: do not kill, steal. These promote social harmony and
helps people to relate well. It also leads to order in society.
 Champions of justice e.g. Martin Luther King Jr who fought
against oppression of Blacks in America
5. When answering question 5, you should use the following religions

as specified; Buddhism, Hinduism Islam or Baha’i Faith.
a) Describe one way in which any of the above religions deals with
sexual abuse [4]
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 Islam- modest dressing so not to have sexual attention. It avoids

lust.
 Females left at home to protect them from exposure to sexual
abuse e.g. rape.
 Unlawful sexual intercourse in Islam (adultery, rape, incest)
considered serious offences punishable by death
 Hinduism- sex outside marriage is forbidden
 Hinduism puts a lot of emphasis on discipline
b) Explain two ways in which any one of the above religions influences
family life [4]
 Islam encourages good relations between parents & children,

shouting at adults/elders is not allowed. This promotes respect
for adults.
 Reduces incidents of crime, substance abuse through ethical
codes e.g. killing is not allowed- it’s punishable by sharia law.
Intoxicants like alcohol are forbidden.
c) Compare any two beliefs that are shared by any two of the religions
above. [4]
 Islam & Buddhism – belief in life after death. Islam believes that
after death the soul either goes to heaven/hell before going to God
for judgement. Buddhism believes soul is reborn into another
form of life.
 Islam believes in oneness of Allah who is the creator & Buddhism
belief in teachings of Buddha. Buddhism is atheistic religion.
 Both Islam and Hinduism believe in the immortality of the soul
 Hindus believe in Karma and re-incarnation while Islam believes
in resurrection, judgement and eternal life
SECTION D (2015)
1. (a) Explain the term religion [2]
 A set of beliefs, rituals and behaviour made up of human

experiences, sacred writing, stories, and symbols.
 Religion is an opium of the people, a tool of oppressing people or
soul.
 Religion is what people believe in and practice
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(b) Describe any two differences between Judeo- Christian and

Oriental Religion. [4]
 Most Judeo Christians religions originated in Middle East,

Oriental originated in the East of Mediterranean Sea.
 Most Judeo believe in life after death means spirit of dead goes to
heaven/hell for judgement, Oriental religions believe that life
after death is based on reincarnation of soul into a different body
form (rebirth cycle) before it is released to join the supreme being.
 Most Judeo Christian religions are monotheistic in nature while
Oriental range from monotheistic to polytheistic.
(c) Examine the different attitudes held by Christians concerning

the Ordination of women. [4]
 Christians who support ordination of women believe that God

created humanity (male and females) in his own image so
equality is important. Others feel that throughout history women
have played important role in putting the Christian faith in
action. This empowers women, others feel that women shouldn’t
be ordained because Jesus’ disciples were all males. This
attitude can be viewed as violation of women religious rights.
2. (a) Explain the effect of the interaction between African Traditional

Religion and Christianity in Botswana. [2]
 Led to formation of AICS which have combined ATR and

Christians beliefs and practices e.g. clapping of hands, drums,
Bible for divination.
 Some elements of African culture have declined e.g. practice of
initiation schools, polygamy etc.
(b) Examine any two teachings of African Traditional Religion with

regard to the meaning of human life. [4]
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 Human life is sacred – followers of ATR have come up with

taboos, wise saying, riddles, laws, forms of punishment to
preserve life.
 There are rituals among African people that begin at a time of
conception and continued until the individual becomes an
ancestor. This rituals are meant to protect the life of an
individual.
(c) “Polygamy is a necessary religious practice in African

Traditional Religion in Botswana.”
To what extent do you agree? [4]
 Helps in cases of infertility. It helps people not have illegitimate

children in places where women outnumber men; it gives women
opportunity to be married and have children within marriages,
also reduces cases of having many female headed in society.
However - its breeding place for jealousy when man favours one
wife; its expensive to maintain- things are expensive and leads
to spread STI`s e.g. HIV.
3. (a) State two challenges which the early missionaries faced when
they were spreading the gospel among Botswana. [2]
 Language barrier
 Tropical disease
 Cultural barrier
 Hostility from some chiefs
(b) Describe two ways in which Christians churches are

contributing within the communication sector of Botswana. [4]
 Introduction of Christian affiliated radio and television

broadcasting programmes promotes effective communication
among people in the country
 Translation of Bible and Christian literature into different
languages of Botswana allows the gospel to be spread throughout
the country
 Christian based guidance and counselling programmes and
services e.g. pre – marital & marriage counselling etc. helps
couples to open better communication channel.
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(c) Assess how Christianity affected Tswana culture. [4]
 Introduction of formal education taught Batswana to read and

write. They were able to get paid job hence provided for their
families BUT these replaced initiation schools which promote
discipline, address moral decay and imparted young ones in
survival skills like hunting.
 Build hospitals like Scottish Livingstone. This helped Batswana
get better medical care and be healed of disease which were
thought to be incurable BUT led to Batswana who became
Christians to have negative attitudes towards traditional
medicine hence livelihoods of traditional doctors were affected,
they became poor.
4. (a) To what extent is authority effective in modern times? [2]
 Authority is effective nowadays because leaders throughout the

world use modern technology and mass media like TV, internet.
This promotes moral guidance, However today they are more
cases of alcohol, drug substance, this could be a sign that
authority is not effective
(b) Explain two ways in which Christians understand the concept

of love. [4]
 Love Agape- brotherly or Godly love i.e. love for the brethren &
love of God to all mankind.
 Love Eros – intimidate love between husband & wife
 Love Storge – natural affection between parents, children and
relatives.
 Golden Rule – treat others the way you would want them to treat
you.
(c) Describe any two Bible teachings on eternal life. [4]
 Eternal life is the joy and happiness enjoyed by believers who

have been saved through grace of God, it is the gift of God
 Eternal life is made possible by the death and resurrection of
Jesus Christ.
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 There is existence of heaven and hell, Hell is a place of torment

everlasting fire while heaven is a place of the righteous.
5. (a) State two reasons to support why the equality between men and
women is important in society. [2]
 Empowers women- they can do same jobs with men like have
political roles.
 Promotes tolerance – they will accept each other hence have open
not judgemental relationship.
(b) Describe why and how any one role of women has changed in
African Traditional Religion in Botswana [3]
 Leadership in society (why)-traditional Tswana culture doesn’t

allow women to be leaders in community, society was patrilineal
and leadership was inherited by males only, teachings like “Ga di
etelelwe pele ke namagadi” which means women can’t lead. This
led women being denied leadership positions.
(How) – With western education human rights movement
advocate for rights of women; today women are chiefs and
perform duties just like Kgosi Mosadi Seboko.
(c) List five ways through which family ties are strengthened in African
Traditional Religion. [5]
 Extended family set up – related families visit each other

frequently and help each other in upbringing of children
 Totems – relatives share a totem
 Ancestors veneration – share in rituals to anchor ancestors
 Molaletsa- helping each other when there is a task to be
performed such as ploughing a field, or roofing a house
 Wedding celebrations- members helping each other with chores
taking responsibilities as uncles and aunts in bride wealth
negotiation & counselling of bride.
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SECTION E (2016)
1. (a) state the founders of
i) Baha’i Faith [1]
 Bahaullah
ii) Buddhism [1]
 Siddhartha Gautama
(b) Explain two ways in which religion can create harmony in society [4]
 Can unite people during festivals, celebrations, pilgrimages.

People interact freely during such gatherings and get know each
hence relate well. Through these activities the principle of “botho”
is enhanced and people live in peace
 Promotes moral values – people taught right and wrong. Golden
rule teaches them to treat others the way they would like to be
treated, hence creation of harmony
 Ethical codes like do not kill, this secure people lives, people live
freely not in fear hence peace
(c) Describe two political factors that led to the formation of

Sikhism [4]
 Tension between Hinduism and Islam which were already in

existence.
 Desire of Sikhs to establish their own Punjabi region where they
would worship one God without interruption from Hindus who
believe in many Gods & Goddesses
 Nanak wanted to do away with discrimination of different kinds
that existed in India e.g. inequality between men and women
2. (a) State two beliefs of African Traditional Religion in Botswana [2]
 Belief in ancestors
 Belief in witchcraft
 Belief in life after death
 Belief in God (Modimo)
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(b) Describe two teachings of African Traditional Religion on the

relationship between men and women [4]
 Men are heads of the families – this gives role clarity between men
and women and the division of labour is well apportioned
 Men are responsible for decision making – women are not allowed
to take part in decision making, this gives men absolute power
 Men are providers and protectors of family while women are child
bearers and caretakers- this gives men and women economic
rights and enables them to complement each other in the family
set up.
(c) Assess how totemism affect animal life [4]
 Preserve animals e.g. crocodiles, this enables totemic animals to

attract tourists who pay money, that is often used to improve
living condition of all animals. Large population of preserved
animals can affect other animals & plant life negativity. Preserved
animals can destroy vegetation, upon which other animals
survived/ kill other animals.
 Totemism preserves the inter-dependence of plants and animals.
The co-existence of plants and animals maintains the eco-system
and sustains the food chains. However, totemism may lead to
over-population of one animal or plant species in a given
geographical location. This increase may be beyond the land
holding capacity leading to over grazing and degradation of land.
3. (a) Explain the term “peace” [2]
 Harmonious relationship among people through respect for one

another OR
 Absence of conflicts/ misunderstanding, war or violence.
(b) A good leader should have a ‘big heart’.

Describe two implications of the above statement. [4]
 Accommodative – doesn’t discriminate against any one

 Tolerant – accept people with their weaknesses
 Patient – doesn’t easily get annoyed
20
 Persevere- can withstand challenges, trials and tribulations and

doesn’t easily give up.
(c) Assess how salvation can be used to combat crime in modern

society. [4]
 Instil moral values on people therefore people become aware of ill

behaviour and avoid them, However some people hide behind
salvation and do evil things like corruption.
 Helps people to avoid criminal activities since it is transformation
from evil to good conduct. However, some religious leaders may
use the teachings on salvation to extort money from people,
which in itself is a crime, thus perpetuating crime in the society
4. (a) State two differences between a nuclear and an extended

family.[2]
 Nuclear consists of father, mother and children whereas extended

consists of father, mother and relatives.
 Nuclear is headed by fathers while extended by grandfather
 Nuclear is cheap to maintain and extended is expensive.
(b) Describe two ways in which the roles of women are changing in
modern society [4]
 Head families- some women stay to be single and head families

but having children, they become self-supporting and provide for
their families.
 Some have leadership positions, they hold political roles and
make decisions and influence policy making e.g. ministers
councillors
 Engaged in professional paid jobs because education is open for
both girls and boys. They work to contribute for their families
financially.
(c) Describe two ways in which equality between men and women
can contribute towards nation building [4]
21
 Economic independence – both are working, they will be taxed

equally. They will both contribute in buying power, both can
reduce poverty by providing their families.
 Job opportunity – have access to some jobs e.g. soldiers,
therefore contributing to national security.
5. (a) To what extend can followers of religions solve problems

associated with global epidemic [2]
 Counsel people to be strong emotionally

 Teachings of religions on moral conduct like not allowing pre-
marital sex promotes faithfulness in marriages hence avoid HIV;
people are still taught the teachings and continue unfaithfulness
and immoral.
 Charity works – they can donate food to affected people e.g.
cancer, so they feel loved and have hopes but the affected can be
dependents and abuse them.
(b) State three ways in which justice is promoted in Buddhism [3]
 5 precepts – not to live but be fair to others, not to kill but

preserve life not to steal.
 Eight fold path – right thought (thought of compassion non-
violence to others),right livelihood (avoid occupation that harms
others e.g. hangman), right mindfulness be aware of your
actions, right action (don’t exploit others)
 Ten paramitas – wisdom, compassion, generosity.
(c) Explain what any two teachings of the Baha’i Faith say about
humanity’s responsibility toward the environment. [5]
 Respect and protection of environment – nature reflects the

sacred e.g. nature to be valued, respected and worship, therefore
every effort should be made to preserve and protect environment
and nature.
 Mankind has role of caretaker to environment – human being
use earth natural resources in a way that ensures sustainability,
kindness to the environment is good for spiritual development.
22
SECTION F 2017
1 a) i) What do Christians and Hindus believe happens to

human soul after death? [1]
 Christians believe the soul either goes to heaven or hell
after death while Hindus believe the soul is reborn into
another form of life- reincarnation of soul
ii)How realistic is the Muslim view that Muhammad is the last prophet?
[1]
 It is realistic for them because it puts emphasis on
Muhammad’s revelations and his status as the prophet
and founder of the religion. However, other people may feel
that the view may create fanaticism among Muslims.
b) State three ways in which religions help to prevent crime in the
society. [3]
 Ethical teachings- codes of conduct guide moral behaviour
and discourage things like killing
 Helps during social crisis like poverty- they make
donations to the poor. This curbs temptations such as
stealing
 Religion supports state in crime prevention initiatives e.g.
guidance and counselling and praying for them
c) Describe two ways in which the constitution of Botswana contributes
to the proliferation of religious organization in the country [4]
 Allows for religious freedom- people are free to follow religion of their
choice and form religious associations.
 People can form churches with a few number of 150 people. It allows
for free and easy registration of religious organizations. This encourages
people to break away from their churches to form new ones and result
in having many churches.
2a) Explain the difference between totemism and taboos. [2]
 Totemism deals with the practice of honouring and respecting an
animal/plant believed to be sacred or having a spiritual connection to
a particular group of people or tribe. Taboos are strong social
prohibitions.
b) Analyse any two practices of African Traditional Religion that are
associated with marriage. [4]
 Counselling (go laya) - it is done by married elders like uncles and
aunts. This curbs divorce and encourages people to be committed and
23
patient in marriage. However in ATR, counselling is gender biased

against women, e.g. not to ask husbands where they come from.
 Bride price (bogadi) - it is in the form of cattle. It is good because parents
of the girl are thanked for her upbringing but some people may use it
as an opportunity to enrich themselves.
c) ‘Mabogo dinku a a thebana’ (scratch my back and I will scratch yours).
Describe two ways in which the above moral teaching promotes peace in
Botswana. [4]
 Interdependence- it helps people to appreciate that they need one
another because they realize that they cannot achieve their goals on the
basis of individualism.
 Sharing- promotes spirit of group identity. People will share easily
because they expect others to do the same.
 Unity- gives interpersonal relations and helps people to relate well with
one another.
3a) Give a reason of one way in which Batswana reacted to the

introduction of Christianity. [2]
 They accepted Christianity because missionaries built hospitals e.g.
Scottish Livingstone, so this helped them to get better medical care.
 Some Batswana could not accept Christianity because they feared that
if they converted, their culture would be eroded.
b) Explain one way in which Christian churches have promoted
education in Botswana [2]
 They built schools, e.g. Moeding College, so that people could learn how
to read and write and in turn understand the Bible
 Advocated for the introduction of Guidance and counselling, so that
students have life skills and avoid pregnancy drop outs
c) Christian churches with different beliefs and teachings have
mushroomed in Botswana. Give three reasons why these churches
should be united. [6]
 It brings them together for purposes spreading the gospel and
helping the poor and the needy
 Encourages tolerance and cooperation while minimizing conflicts
 Through unity, church members can share ideas and learn from one
another. It also fulfils the gospel that all should be united in body
and blood of Christ for all are one in Christ Jesus
4a) Explain the term injustice [2]
24
 Breakdown of human relationships

 It is inequality/ unfairness among people
b) Explain two ways in which tribal or political leaders promote social
harmony in Botswana [4]
 Listen to the people they lead- tribal authorities show democratic
principles. They allow people to express their views and guide their
tribes to live and interact with other people in peaceful ways thus
promoting social harmony
 Consensus- consult the tribe on national issues. Political leaders often
hold consultative gatherings where they work on how they could help
and deliver to their electorates the services they promised them
 Help the less privileged through housing appeal/ food baskets
c) Evaluate how salvation can influence a Christian’s interpersonal
relationships [4]
 Salvation is centred on the love of God and the love for all mankind.
Therefore it helps one to relate well with God and other people. However,
it can also lead to religious intolerance and self-righteousness where
some people will believe that they are saved and do not want to have
relationships with sinners since they may defile them.
 It helps a person to avoid evil behaviour such as stealing, killing etc.
since it encourages people to do good all the time. However, since people
can be taken advantage of, they can be too good such that others easily
cheat them.
When answering question 5 (a) and 5 (b), use the following religions:
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam or Baha’i Faith.
5 a) Assess a right of married women in one of the above religions [2]
 Islam- right to modest dressing: helps to avoid rape and protects her
from sexual abuse. However her beauty is not appreciated or seen and
she has no freedom to choose what she wants to wear
b) Describe two religious practices that prepare young people for
marriage in any of the above religions [4]
 Hinduism-Arranged marriage: Parents choose marriage partner for
their young one. It is done within the same caste/social class
25
-Young ones are encouraged to work hard at school so that they can get better
paying jobs and take care of families hence provide for them.
 Islam-arranged marriages: Parents choose suitable marriage partner
for their young ones
-strict rules of dress and behaviour: young ones are not to have sexual
contact. Girls are to dress modestly, i.e. covering their entire body/ not
exposing them
c) Explain a way in which religious teachings help to protect the
environment. [4]
 Religions such as ATR and Christianity teach followers that they are
stewards/ custodians of the environment. They are encouraged to use
nature wisely and not to destroy it
 Buddhism teaches that the universe is a single vast living thing. Human
kind is part of nature
 ATR attaches taboos to the use of some plants and animals at certain
seasons and this helps to conserve them.
SECTION G (2018)
1a) Explain one way in which religion can cause problems in the society.
[2]
 People may fight in the name of religion, leading to loss of life
 Can lead to fanaticism which makes people to be intolerant
 Can dictate terms which do not lead to right decisions, e.g. not
encouraging people to take medication
b) Describe two positive effects of totemism in contemporary Botswana.
[4]
 The taboos observed by the tribes not to harm or kill their totems allow
the totemic species to breed and multiply and are not likely to become
endangered species.
 Totemism preserves the interdependence of plants and animals- the co-
existence of plants and animals maintains the eco-system and sustains
the food chains,
 Mechanism for social cohesion and unity
c) Discuss the positive and negative effects of Batswana hospitality. [4]
26
 Batswana hospitality is grounded on the fact that no one is an island

and therefore encourages compassion and caring for one another hence
ensuring that social ills such as theft are curbed.
 However, it may compromise security as people may take advantage of
other people’s hospitality, hence the saying, ‘bopelonomi bo bolaile
mmamasiloanoka.’
2a) State two ways in which Batswana reacted to Christian teachings
introduced by the early missionaries. [2]
 Some Batswana reacted positively to Christianity because missionaries
built hospitals like Scottish Livingstone and Batswana got better
medical care.
 Some rejected Christianity because missionaries looked down upon
Tswana culture like rain-making, polygamy, etc. They saw it as evil.
b) Discuss two contributions of African Independent Churches towards
the improvement of health in Botswana. [4]
 They offer healing services and heal diseases like ‘sejeso’. This increases
life span of Batswana.
 Some AICs like Zion Christian Church (ZCC) built health services like
clinic Mmopane
 Some AICs like Eloyi exorcise evil spirits which torment people’s bodies
and health.
c) Explain two ways in which Christian churches in Botswana protect
women against violence. [4]
 Offer shelters where abused women can go
 Speak against abuse of women and domestic violence
 Churches participate in domestic violence against women campaigns
e.g. WAR (Women Against Rape) to teach people that women should be
treated with dignity
3a) Explain a Biblical teaching on salvation. [2]

 A belief in Jesus as God’s path to salvation entails confessing with one’s
lips that Jesus is Lord and believing in one’s heart that God raised him
from the dead.
 Forgiveness of sins- Christians believe that Christ’s death on the cross
was a gift of atonement. Through his death, Jesus paid for our sins and
saved people from the chains of sins.
 Repentance- repentance is spiritual re-birth. It means that one first
hears the gospel and declares that he/she is a sinner and willingly asks
27
God for forgiveness of their sins, e.g. the story of Zaccheus the tax
collector.
b) Explain two ways in which the Christian belief in eternal life can
influence human behaviour. [4]
 Eternal life is granted to those who shun immorality. Jesus taught that
morality is the basis on being awarded a place in the Kingdom of God
and therefore this teaching of Jesus influences people to lead morally
acceptable lives.
 Judgement-people will be judged according to how they served others.
Those who serve others and show love are destined to go to heaven,
while those who don’t show love towards others will go to hell. This
belief therefore influences people to love and care for others so that they
can go to heaven.
c) Describe two ways in which Christians can bring peace in a society. [4]
 Christians advocate forgiveness instead of revenge. Revenge is
condemned as violence and therefore the church emphasises on
forgiveness and reconciliation.
 Christians carry out humanitarian work such as charity work to
address the needs of the underprivileged members of the society.
 Some churches fight against Gender Based Violence and gender
inequality by running programs which empower women, e.g. appointing
women to leadership positions.
 Champions of justice such as Martin Luther King Jr, fought for justice
and peaceful or non-violent ways.
When answering question 4, you should use the following religions as
specified; Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Baha’i Faith.
4a) Explain the concept of marriage. [2]
 Marriage is a legal union between husband and wife. Marriage can be
monogamous, polygamous or polyandrous.
b) Describe two ways in which family life is important in one of the
religions provided. [4]
 Islam- Islam is a way of life and family is a true reflection of the Islamic
way of life. The family seeks Allah’s guidance in all matters.
 The Adhan (a call to prayer) is whispered into the baby’s right ear after
birth and the child grows up as a Muslim. The socialization of children
is completely shaped by Islam.
 The extended family is the ideal family structure. Good relationships
between family members serve the ideals of a good family order.
28
 Hinduism- in Hinduism, the extended family usually consisted of three

or four generations living together. There is interdependence between
family members.
 Most Hindu worship takes place at home and not in the mandir
(temple). This is because the family is the basic unit in Hindu religious
society and is given the responsibility of safeguarding Hindu traditions
and customs.
c) Assess two views on the marriage rights of women in one of the above
religions.
 Islam- A married woman has the right to be supported by her husband
even if she is rich. This gives the woman a sense of security, however it
can encourage dominance on the part of the man leading to abuse.
 In case of divorce, the custody of children up to a certain age goes
automatically to their mother, unless there are strong reasons for
considering her to be unsuitable. This is good because naturally women
are considered to take better care of children especially when they are
still young. However, it denies the father the right to raise and bond
with his children.
5a) Describe one way in which global epidemics can lead to poverty. [2]
 Nursing a terminally sick relative may strain the family’s economic
resources due to increased expenditure on medical costs and the
patient’s diet.
 Family members are likely to lose breadwinners due to epidemic thus
resulting to poverty in the home.
 Affected countries are forced to divert their economic resources to arrest
the pandemic.
b) Explain two ways in which religious fundamentalism can be resolved.
[4]
 Religious tolerance extends the right to religious freedom to followers of
different religions to freely practice their faith without intimidation and
discrimination.
 Interfaith dialogue and debates- channels of communication must be
opened, and religious leaders should form a forum to facilitate
meetings, allowing inter-faith network for purposes of finding a
common understanding.
c) Assess two responses of followers of African Traditional Religion in
Botswana to HIV and AIDS as a global epidemic.
 They view HIV/AIDS as punishment from ancestors to bring people
back to the true practice of African culture which is good as culture is
29
preserved. However, nowadays we live in a global world, therefore there

is need to accommodate changes/modernity.
 The cause of HIV/AIDS is attributed to evil forces (witchcraft) - this can
encourage followers to commit to their religion for fear of becoming
victims of witchcraft. However, some people may decide not to seek
medical help from hospitals, but rather decide to go to a traditional
doctor who cannot be able to treat the disease thus leading to death.
SECTION H (2019)
1a) Explain one way in which religion provides a sense of belonging to
believers. [2]
 Religious attire/regalia/dress code- it helps to create social identity as
dress code is unique to followers of each particular religion. For
example, Sikh men wear turban
 Ethical codes- ethical codes of religions have laws that govern
behaviour. This build relationships. For example in Christianity, there
is the Ten Commandments (Do not kill, etc.)
b) Explain two ways in which religious practices of African Traditional
Religion in contemporary Botswana are relevant. [4]
 Mafisa- it is good especially nowadays that there’s a high rate of
unemployment. People’s livelihoods can be sustained through mafisa.
However it may lead to dependency syndrome.
 Initiation schools- nowadays there is a lot of delinquency among young
people, therefore these initiation can help to mould young people so
that they become more responsible. However, initiation schools
emphasise on gender stereotyping of roles and the separateness of
young men and women during initiation that represent the inequality
between men and women, thus perpetuating gender based violence.
c) Describe the differences that exist between the following practices of
African Traditional Religion and Hinduism:
i) Puberty rituals [2]
 ATR initiation schools- both boys and girls are initiated. Bojale for girls
and Bogwera for boys. And these are done in the forest.
 Hinduism Sacred Thread Ceremony (Upanayana) for boys and Ritu
Kala samskara for girls- which are performed in the temple.
ii)Bride price [2]
30
 ATR- bride price is from the groom’s family paid to the bride’s family in
the form of cattle.
 Hinduism- bride price is from bride’s family paid to groom’s family in
the form of durable goods/property.
2a) Describe two roles of women in African Traditional Religion that
promote stability. [4]
 Procreation- women are child bearers. This extends the family lineage
because children will be born into the family. This promotes stability
because no conflicts will arise because of no children in the family.
 Socialization- women teach children norms and values; women are
always available to teach boys and girls to conduct themselves in
acceptable manner in the society. This nurturing is good because
members of the family will cooperate well hence promoting stability.
 Women are care-givers. They give care and love to family members and
this promotes unity and stability in society.
 Boys and girls are taught household chores by women. This brings
stability because every member of the family has a duty to perform.
b) Examine two ways in which marriage in African Traditional Religion
can promote unity in society. [4]
 Peo letlhokwa- virtues of botho are promoted and emphasized. This
strengthens family ties when parents of boys and girls agree on peo
letlhokwa. They develop a relationship.
 Bride price- lays a cement/foundation of marriage. When parents agree
on bride price, this unites families in the society. However, bogadi
nowadays is costly and make people poor because of charging too
much. It has now become a business.
c) Explain one positive effect of change on the roles of women in modern
society. [2]
 Women can also initiate divorce- this is good because it reduces abuse
of women.
 Equal job opportunities- For example, some women are working as
engineers. This empowers women not to depend on men. Some provide
for families and this reduces poverty and malnutrition in the society.
 Women have a say in family planning- this is good because it safe
guards health of women since in the past women did not have a say in
the number of children born in the family.
3a) Describe one way in which early missionaries contributed towards
the social welfare of Botswana. [2]
31
 Formal education- They taught Batswana how to read and write.

Modern education became a sign of status which most people wanted
to acquire so that they get white collar jobs to improve their life styles.
 Medical services- they introduced modern medicine over traditional
medicine which failed to cure certain illnesses such as polio. This
prolonged and improved people’s lives.
b) Describe one way in which the conversion of dikgosi made it easy
for missionaries to establish Christianity in Botswana. [2]
 Missionaries befriended chiefs knowing that once chiefs were
converted, people would follow suit.
 Authority of chiefs- people supported their chiefs and respected
them.
 Chiefs accommodated missionaries in their villages. They related
well and this made it easy for them to interact with people, therefore
missionaries reached out to the people.
c) “Some people might say they have been cheated of their cash by some
Christians on the grounds of performing miracles.”
Suggest three ways that the church can address this situation. [6]
 There is need to develop correct and true teachings to emphasise on the
right interpretation of Christian teachings.
 The church should be involved in rehabilitation of preachers and
victims.
 The church should develop strict rules or regulatory laws to monitor
corruption.
 Need for appropriate training of Christian leaders on Christian
teachings so that they don’t cheat people.
 The church should form a regulatory body to guard against corrupt
practices.
4a) Explain one way in which Christians express love. [2]
 Respect for each other-there is need to treat other well and with honour.
This promotes peace in the society,
 Charity works- donations of food and clothing to the needy
 Exchange of rings, gifts, vows- taking vows means promising to be loyal
hence making a life time commitment to each other
 Faithfulness/obedience in marriage- Christians are expected to be role
models in the society by being trustworthy in what they do.
b) Evaluate two ways in which authority is important in society. [4]
32
 Keeps law and order in society- It enables the leaders to serve the needs
of the society. But if leaders are oppressive, they may abuse their
subjects instead of protecting them
 People in authority should serve the needs of other people in a dignified
way. It is important to show botho by treating all people they serve
equally and with respect. For example, teacher treating all students
equally regardless of their family status. However, some leaders may
discriminate against their subjects, e.g. treating the rich and the poor
differently.
c) When answering question 4 (c) you should use any of the following
religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam or Baha’i Faith.
In two ways show how the status of women in marriage is recognised in
any of the religions above. [4]
 Islam- a woman can marry any Muslim man of her choice. Even though
they arrange marriages, her consent is very important.
 Muslim mother is given highest form of respect as she is escorted when
going outside the house.
 Buddhism- both men and women are considered equally useful to
society according to Buddha.
 In Buddhism, women can become nuns so that their spiritual position
is recognised.
5a) Explain one way in which religious fundamentalism could be
resolved. [2]
 Dialogue- engaging in communication between different religions. This
brings understanding between religions
 Religious tolerance- accepting and respecting other religions and
learning to live with them.
 Celebrate diversity-acknowledge differences in religions. This leads to
respect between religions.
b) Describe any two characteristics of a Buddhist champion of justice. [4]
 Assertiveness- confident enough to put their views on behalf of
subjects, e.g. Dalai Lama
 Selflessness- be prepared to sacrifice by showing acts of love and
compassion to others, e.g. monks denouncing their property and their
homes.
 Inspirational- one should motivate others or put other people’s interests
first to avoid prejudice. E.g. Buddha.
c) Describe two ways that contemporary society can benefit from
religious tolerance. [4]
33
 People of different religions interact and exchange knowledge which

enable them to make informed decisions and judgements about beliefs
and teachings of other religions.
 The society can benefit from edification. People tend to learn from others
and this helps in moulding one’s character. This will create room for
inter-faith dialogue on issues of common concern.
 Cultural influence- people tend to adopt cultural practices like dress
code, healthy eating habits, etc. These are important for making
informed decisions and judgements for their own benefit, hence
promoting cooperation.
34

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REVISION QUESTIONS PAPER 1

1. (a) Describe any theological definition of religion. [2]

(b) Discuss two ways in which religion can cause problems in

 Religious wars – It happens when people have different religious

 Batswana’s desire to have western education- missionaries

 Freedom of worship – Batswana had long practiced democracy

2. (a) What does the term sacredness mean? [1]

 Something that is holy, respected and related to the supernatural

 Women on menstruation don’t visit traditional shrines and where

c) Discuss three ways in which the roles of men and women

(c) Describe any two challenges which threatened the spread of

 Language barriers between early missionaries and Batswana

 Tropical diseases such as malaria – missionaries were not

4a) Explain the term loyalty. [2]

 Faithfulness to a person group or ideas. E.g. Faithfulness

b) Describe two ways through which Christians express their

 Tithing – give 10% of their income to acknowledge God as their

c) Give four qualities of a good leader. [4]

 Sufficient intelligence to lead the group e.g. story of King Solomon

5a) Explain the term global epidemic. [2]

 Diseases that affect large number of people in the world at the

(b) Describe two ways in which Buddhism seeks to bring justice to

 Five Precepts – teach followers not to lie, encourages fairness in

(c) Examine how two African traditional religious practices can

 Animal sacrifices in the bush – can cause veld fires as well as

 The do not have founders

(b) Examine one way which the ethical dimension of religion

 As a value system – controls the morals, conduct, behaviour of

(c) Explain three factors of which contributed to the proliferation

 Botswana’s Constitution – allows freedom of worship hence

2. (a) According to African Traditional Religion in Botswana, what

 They are stewards or caretakers of other forms of life

(b) Describe two positive effects of modern development on sacred

 Fencing of sacred places for conservation purpose- this attracts

 It has broken class distinction – All people are seen as equals,

3. (a) State two methods the early missionaries used to spread

 Trained Batswana evangelists

(b) Asses how the missionaries participated in the politics of

 John Mackenzie influenced British government to protect land of

(c) “The church should not be involved in politics”

 Church is of God and politics is of the world. The mission of

4. (a) Identify and explain two Christian teachings on justice [4]

 Mercy, righteousness, gentleness, humanity and empathy are

b) Explain how one of Jesus ` teachings on authority is similar to the

 Jesus teaches that authority is to serve, not to dominate. In

 Raised son of widow of Nain from death

 Counselling – so that they cope

(b) Examine one challenge which is often a result of religious

 Value conflicts – clash of the values: some people may find

c) Describe two views of followers of African Traditional Religion on

 Breaking of taboos- they believe that ancestors are displeased

1. (a) Explain one way in which African Traditional Religion expresses

 Beliefs – belief in ancestors – they are believes to be part of family

 Through names of people and places- many African names of

(b) Describe the significance of any two practices of African

 Polygamy – marriage of a man to two or more wives at the same

(c) `Religious beliefs should make concern for the environment a

 I agree with this opinion because the environment is a non-

2. (a) Explain the term taboo` [2]

 Prohibitions relating to what can or cannot be done in the society

(b) Describe two duties of women in African Traditional Religion in