VOCABULARY

Clothes Jobs
Pair of trousers A shop assistant
Scarf A teacher
Dressing gown A golfer
Duffle coat A businessman
Pair of jeans A motorcyclist
Petticoat A referee
Pair of Long Johns A policeman
Blouse A doctor
Pair of stockings A conductor
Pair of tights An artist
Dress A camper
Waistcoat A secretary
Raincoat A fireman
A blacksmith
Adjectives A photographer
Strong A gardener
Generous A carpenter
Exciting Bits and pieces
Innocent
Quiet Protactor
Simple Bracelet
Hard-working Plant
Careful Needle
Deep Hook and eye
Rough Candlestick
Sharp Compass
Wealthy Set square
Ugly Stepladder
Happy Bucket
Drunk Padlock
Depressed Zip
Noisy Press stud
Lazy Pins
Mean Cufflinks
Poor
Boring
Attractive
Complicated
Weak
Careless
Shallow
Guilty
Blunt
BEAUTIFUL THINGS-Benson Boone
[Verse 1]
For a while there, it was
But lately, I've been doin' better
Than the last four Decembers I recall
And I see my family every month
I found a girl my parents love
She'll and stay the night, and I think I might have it all
And I thank every day
For the girl He sent my way
But I know the things He gives me, He can take away
And I you every night
And that's a feeling I wanna get used to
But there's no man as as the man who stands to lose you

[Pre-Chorus]
Oh, I hope I don't losе you
Mm, please stay
I want you, I need you, oh
Don't take
Thеse beautiful things that I've got

[Chorus]
Please stay
I want you, I need you, oh, God
Don't take
These beautiful things that I've got
Post-Chorus]
Oh, ooh
Please don't take

[Verse 2]
I found my mind, I'm feelin'
It's been a , but I'm finding my
If everything's good and it's great, why do I sit and wait 'til it's gone?
Oh, I'll tell ya, I know I've got enough
I've got and I've got love
But I'm up at night thinkin' I just might lose it all.
BEAUTIFUL THINGS-Benson
Boone
[Chorus]
Please stay
I you, I need you, oh God
Don't take
These beautiful things that I've got

[Post-Chorus]
Oh, ooh

[Outro]
Please stay
I you, I need you, oh God
I need
These beautiful things that I've got
Valentine's Day: What makes a long-lasting
relationship?
Retrieved from BBC News
Making the perfect gin and tonic and having a sense of humour are among the top
tips for relationship longevity offered by some of Wales' most enduring couples.
Josephine and Aubrey Langley, aged 90 and 91, who live in Cardiff, have been
married for 63 years.
They met at a dance hall in Torfaen in 1958.
The couple joined fellow Llys Cyncoed home residents to celebrate Valentine's Day
with a trip down memory lane.
They had their first date in the back row of a cinema in Pontypool and will mark their
64th wedding anniversary later this month.
"We used to go dancing in a church hall. Saturday night was a big night then and we
loved dancing, so that's how we met," Josephine said.

It was the fact that he had a car that helped Aubrey sweep Josephine off her feet.
Recalling the couple's wedding day, Josephine described it as "lovely", saying it had
snowed the night before and there was snow on the mountain.
"I enjoyed every minute of it and then we went off to Bournemouth on our
honeymoon," she added.
Asked what makes a successful marriage, Josephine said: "You've just got to work at
it.
"It doesn't come easy sometimes, but at other times its great."
She added that her husband would frustrate her at times "when he wouldn't dress
up when I wanted him to", adding: "We can have little tiffs - but [it's] not too bad."

Aubrey, however, describes them as "differences, not tiffs".

He said the key to a long-lasting relationship is a good sense of humour, while
Josephine added: "A husband that knows how to barbecue and make an
exceptionally good gin and tonic.

Olwen and Arthur Hayward, aged 100 and 101, have been married for more than 75
years, and are the 15th oldest married couple in the UK where both spouses are
aged over 100.
The pair met in 1943 and enjoyed a scenic walk across the cliff top at Pennard,
Gower, for their first date and they say their loving family has kept their union
strong.
They married in a church ceremony in 1949 with 40 guests and now have two
children, four grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.

Meanwhile, Patricia Chesney, 83, celebrated 61 years of marriage to her husband

John, 84, on 2 February and joked her advice to young couples was to "run, run,
run".

She added: "Let your husband think he is the boss, as long as he obeys his wife."

The Chesneys met on a Saturday night in Queen Street, Cardiff, in 1959 before
tying the knot four years later and having a daughter.

The Llys Cyncoed residents were treated to a special dinner complete with
Champagne, cocktails and canapes in the care home's dining room decorated with
heart-shaped balloons and rose petals scattered on the tables.
General manager Virgil Frincu said "love is certainly in the air" at the care home,
adding: "It's been wonderful to encourage so many of the residents to reminisce
and share fond memories from their own marriages and relationships."
AI hiring tools may be filtering out the best job
applicants
Retrieved from BBC News

As firms increasingly rely on artificial intelligence-driven hiring platforms, many

highly qualified candidates are finding themselves on the cutting room floor.

Body-language analysis. Vocal assessments. Gamified tests. CV scanners. These are

some of the tools companies use to screen candidates with artificial intelligence
recruiting software. Job applicants face these machine prompts – and AI decides
whether they are a good match or fall short.
Businesses are increasingly relying on them. A late-2023 IBM survey of more than
8,500 global IT professionals showed 42% of companies were using AI screening "to
improve recruiting and human resources". Another 40% of respondents were
considering integrating the technology.
Many leaders across the corporate world hoped AI recruiting tech would end biases
in the hiring process. Yet in some cases, the opposite is happening. Some experts
say these tools are inaccurately screening some of the most qualified job applicants
– and concerns are growing the software may be excising the best candidates.
"We haven't seen a whole lot of evidence that there's no bias here… or that the tool
picks out the most qualified candidates," says Hilke Schellmann, US-based author of
the Algorithm: How AI Can Hijack Your Career and Steal Your Future, and an
assistant professor of journalism at New York University. She believes the biggest
risk such software poses to jobs is not machines taking workers' positions, as is
often feared – but rather preventing them from getting a role at all.
Untold harm
Some qualified job candidates have already found themselves at odds with these
hiring platforms.
In one high-profile case in 2020, UK-based make-up artist Anthea Mairoudhiou said
her company told her to re-apply for her role after being furloughed during the
pandemic. She was evaluated both based on past performance and via an AI-
screening programme, HireVue. She says she ranked well in the skills evaluation –
but after the AI tool scored her body language poorly, she was out of a job for good.
(HireVue, the firm in question, removed its facial analysis function in 2021.) Other
workers have filed complaints against similar platforms, says Schellmann.
She adds job candidates rarely ever know if these tools are the sole reason
companies reject them – by and large, the software doesn't tell users how they've
been evaluated. Yet she says there are many glaring examples of systemic flaws.
In one case, one user who'd been screened out submitted the same application
but tweaked the birthdate to make themselves younger. With this change, they
landed an interview. At another company, an AI resume screener had been trained
on CVs of employees already at the firm, giving people extra marks if they listed
"baseball" or "basketball" – hobbies that were linked to more successful staff, often
men. Those who mentioned "softball" – typically women – were downgraded.
Marginalised groups often "fall through the cracks, because they have different
hobbies, they went to different schools", says Schellmann.
In some cases, biased selection criteria is clear – like ageism or sexism – but in
others, it is opaque. In her research, Schellmann applied to a call centre job, to be
screened by AI. Then, she logged in from the employer's side. She'd received a high
rating in the interview, despite speaking nonsense German when she was supposed
to be speaking English, but received a poor rating for her actual relevant credentials
on her LinkedIn profile.
She worries the negative effects will spread as the technology does. "One biased
human hiring manager can harm a lot of people in a year, and that's not great," she
says. "But an algorithm that is maybe used in all incoming applications at a large
company… that could harm hundreds of thousands of applicants."
'No-one knows exactly where the harm is'
"The problem [is] no-one knows exactly where the harm is," she explains. And,
given that companies have saved money by replacing human HR staff with AI –
which can process piles of resumes in a fraction of the time – she believes firms
may have little motivation to interrogate kinks in the machine.

One biased human hiring manager can harm a lot of people in a year, and that's not great.
But an algorithm that is maybe used in all incoming applications at a large company… that
could harm hundreds of thousands of applicants – Hilke Schellman

From her research, Schellmann is also concerned screening-software companies

are "rushing" underdeveloped, even flawed products to market to cash in on
demand. "Vendors are not going to come out publicly and say our tool didn't work,
or it was harmful to people", and companies who have used them remain "afraid
that there's going to be a gigantic class action lawsuit against them".
It's important to get this tech right, says Sandra Wachter, professor of technology
and regulation at the University of Oxford's Internet Institute.
"Having AI that is unbiased and fair is not only the ethical and legally necessary
thing to do, it is also something that makes a company more profitable," she says.
"There is a very clear opportunity to allow AI to be applied in a way so it makes
fairer, and more equitable decisions that are based on merit and that also increase
the bottom line of a company."
Wachter is working to help companies identify bias through the co-creation of the
Conditional Demographic Disparity test, a publicly available tool which "acts as an
alarm system that notifies you if your algorithm is biased. It then gives you the
opportunity to figure out which [hiring] decision criteria cause this inequality and
allows you to make adjustments to make your system fairer and more accurate",
she says. Since its development in 2020, Amazon and IBM are among the
businesses that have implemented it.
Schellmann, meanwhile, is calling for industry-wide "guardrails and regulation"
from governments or non-profits to ensure current problems do not persist. If
there is no intervention now, she fears AI could make the workplace of the future
more unequal than before.
 Idioms
1. Break a leg
2. Don´t cut corners
3. My words went in one ear and out the other
4. Hang in there
5. I´m green with envy
6. Time flies
7. Don´t spill the beans
8. It´s raining cats and dogs
9. I´m under the weather
10. Hold your tongue
11. You´re pulling my leg
12. You crack me up

A. I´m jealous
B. Good luck
C. It´s raining hard
D. You are joking
E. Do your best instead of skipping something
F. You make me laugh
G. Don´t talk
H. You didn´t listen to me
I. Don´t give up
J. I´m sick
K. Time goes quickly
L. Don´t tell the secret
 VERBS
1.1ª Persona singular Present simple v. dar
2. 2ª persona plural Present Continuous v. correr
3. 1ª persona plural Present Perfect v. leer
4. 3ª persona singular Present simple v.soñar
5. 2ª persona plural Present Perfect v. montar
6. 3ª persona plural Future Simple v. cantar
7. 2ª persona singular Conditional v. ir
8. 3ª persona plural Past Perfect v. ser estar
9. 1ª persona singular Past Continuous v. caminar
10. 2ª persona plural Past Simple v. tener

11.He comprado
12. Soy
13. Comeré
14. ¿Has ido?
15. Había jugado
16. Beberías
17. ¿Caminarás?
18. No tengo
19. No fuiste
20. Estoy trayendo
 Spain claimed their second major trophy in six months by
beating France to win the inaugural Women´s Nations League
Retrived from BBC
La Roja beat England in the World Cup final in August and goals from Aitana
Bonmati and Mariona Caldentey gave them a comfortable victory in Seville.
Ballon d'Or winner Bonmati broke the deadlock from close range in the 32nd
minute, before Caldentey's crisp, first-time finish after the break.
Herve Renard's France side rarely threatened and had no shots on target.
An attendance of 32,657 was announced at Estadio La Cartuja, setting a new
record crowd watching the Spanish women's national team.
That eclipsed the 21,856 who watched Montse Tome's side beat the Netherlands
at the same stadium in Friday's semi-final.
Spain had never beaten France in their 13 previous encounters, but there only
ever looked like one winner from the first whistle.
The hosts dominated the early stages and came close through Irene Paredes, but
the centre-back headed just wide from a corner on 26 minutes.
Their persistence paid off when Bonmati volleyed in Olga Carmona's low cross
after an impressive run down the left from the defender.
Laia Aleixandri and Salma Paralluelo then went close as La Roja looked to double
their lead, but Mariona took her chance and swept Ona Batlle's low ball into the
bottom corner in the 53rd minute.
France will be disappointed not to have had more of a go in their first major final,
but Spain had too much strength at both ends of the pitch.
"Six months ago we won the World Cup and now the Nations League, what more
could you ask for?," Barcelona star Bonmati told Television Espanola.
"It's quite incredible everything we have achieved - this team has no ceiling. World
Cup, now Nations League and now for the Olympics."
The world's number one ranked side now have their first silverware under Tome,
who replaced controversial boss Jorge Vilda after he was sacked following the
World Cup and ex-football federation president Luis Rubiales' forcible kiss on the
lips of forward Jenni Hermoso.
They have won 18 of their last 20 fixtures and head into the 2024 Olympics as
favourites and a force to be reckoned with.
In both their World Cup and Nations League triumphs, Spain finished top scorers
in both tournaments and with the highest average possession in both.
 Trump supporters target black voters with
faked AI images
Retrieved from BBC
Donald Trump supporters have been creating and sharing AI-generated fake
images of black voters to encourage African Americans to vote Republican.
BBC Panorama discovered dozens of deepfakes portraying black people as
supporting the former president.
Mr Trump has openly courted black voters, who were key to Joe Biden's
election win in 2020.
But there's no evidence directly linking these images to Mr Trump's campaign.

The co-founder of Black Voters Matter, a group which encourages black people
to vote, said the manipulated images were pushing a "strategic narrative"
designed to show Mr Trump as popular in the black community.
A creator of one of the images told the BBC: "I'm not claiming it's accurate."

The fake images of black Trump supporters, generated by artificial intelligence

(AI), are one of the emerging disinformation trends ahead of the US
presidential election in November.
Unlike in 2016, when there was evidence of foreign influence campaigns, the
AI-generated images found by the BBC appear to have been made and shared
by US voters themselves.
One of them was Mark Kaye and his team at a conservative radio show in
Florida.
They created an image of Mr Trump smiling with his arms around a group of
black women at a party and shared it on Facebook, where Mr Kaye has more
than one million followers.
At first it looks real, but on closer inspection everyone's skin is a little too shiny
and there are missing fingers on people's hands - some tell-tale signs of AI-
created images.
"I'm not a photojournalist," Mr Kaye tells me from his radio studio.

"I'm not out there taking pictures of what's really happening. I'm a storyteller."
He had posted an article about black voters supporting Mr Trump and
attached this image to it, giving the impression that these people all support
the former president's run for the White House.
In the comments on Facebook, several users appeared to believe the AI
image was real.
"I'm not claiming it is accurate. I'm not saying, 'Hey, look, Donald Trump was
at this party with all of these African American voters. Look how much they
love him!'" he said.
"If anybody's voting one way or another because of one photo they see on a
Facebook page, that's a problem with that person, not with the post itself."
Another widely viewed AI image the BBC investigation found shows Mr
Trump posing with black voters on a front porch. It had originally been
posted by a satirical account that generates images of the former president,
but only gained widespread attention when it was reposted with a new
caption falsely claiming that he had stopped his motorcade to meet these
people.
We tracked down the person behind the account called Shaggy, who is a
committed Trump supporter living in Michigan.
"[My posts] have attracted thousands of wonderful kind-hearted Christian
followers," he said in messages sent to the BBC on social media.
When I tried to question him on the AI-generated image he blocked me. His
post has had over 1.3 million views, according to the social media site X.
Some users called it out, but others seemed to have believed the image was
real.
I did not find similarly manipulated images of Joe Biden with voters from a
particular demographic. The AI images of the president tend to feature him
alone or with other world leaders such as Russian President Vladimir Putin or
former US President Barack Obama.
Some are created by critics, others by supporters.
In January, the Democratic candidate was himself a victim of an AI-generated
impersonation.
An automated audio call, purportedly voiced by the president, urged voters
to skip the New Hampshire primary where he was running. A Democratic
Party supporter has admitted responsibility, saying he wanted to draw
attention to the potential for the technology to be abused.
Cliff Albright, the co-founder of campaign group Black Voters Matter, said
there appeared to be a resurgence of disinformation tactics targeting the
black community, as in the 2020 election.
"There have been documented attempts to target disinformation to black
communities again, especially younger black voters," he said.
I show him the AI-generated pictures in his office in Atlanta, Georgia - a key
election battleground state where convincing even a small slice of the overall
black vote to switch from Mr Biden to Mr Trump could prove decisive.
A recent New York Times and Sienna College poll found that in six key swing
states 71% of black voters would back Mr Biden in 2024, a steep drop from
the 92% nationally that helped him win the White House at the last election.
Mr Albright said the fake images were consistent with a "very strategic
narrative" pushed by conservatives - from the Trump campaign down to
influencers online - designed to win over black voters. They are particularly
targeting young black men, who are thought to be more open to voting for
Mr Trump than black women.
On Monday, MAGA Inc, the main political action committee backing Trump, is
due to launch an advertising campaign targeting black voters in Georgia,
Michigan and Pennsylvania.
It is aimed at voters like Douglas, a taxi driver in Atlanta.
Ben Nimmo, who until last month was responsible for countering foreign
influence operations at Meta, the owner of Facebook and Instagram, said the
confusion created by fakes like these also opens new opportunities for
foreign governments who may seek to manipulate elections.
"Anybody who has a substantial audience in 2024 needs to start thinking,
how do I vet anything which gets sent to me? How do I make sure that I don't
unwittingly become part of some kind of foreign influence operation?" he
said.
Mr Nimmo said that social media users and platforms are increasingly able
to identify fake automated accounts, so as it gets harder to build an audience
in this way "operations try to co-opt real people" to increase the reach of
divisive or misleading information.
"The best bet they have is to try and land [their content] through an
influencer. That's anyone who has a big audience on social media," he said.
Mr Nimmo said he was concerned in 2024 that these people, who may be
willing to spread misinformation to their ready-made audiences, could
become "unwitting vectors" for foreign influence operations.
These operations could share content with users - either covertly or overtly -
and encourage them to post it themselves, so it appears to have come from
a real US voter, he said.
All of the major social media companies have policies in place to tackle
potential influence operations, and several - like Meta, which owns Facebook
and Instagram - have introduced new measures to deal with AI-generated
content during elections.
Leading politicians from around the world have also highlighted the risks of
AI-generated content this year.
Narratives about the 2020 election being stolen - which were shared without
any evidence - spread online with simple posts, memes and algorithms, not
AI-generated images or video, and still resulted in the US Capitol riot on 6
January.
This time around, there is a whole new range of tools available to political
partisans and provocateurs which could inflame tensions once again.
Unwritten-Natasha Bedingfield
I am unwritten
Can't read my mind, I'm __________
I'm just beginning
The ________in my hand, ending unplanned

Staring at the ___________ page before you

Open up the __________ window
Let the sun illuminate the words that you cannot find
Reaching for something in the distance
So close you can almost _________ it
Release your inhibitions

Feel the _________ on your skin

No one else can feel it for you
Only you can let it in
No one else, no one else
Can speak the __________ on your lips
Drench yourself in words unspoken
Live your life with arms wide open
Today is where your book begins
The rest is still __________, yeah

Oh, oh

I break _______________
Sometimes my tries, are outside the lines yeah, yeah
We've been conditioned to not make ___________
But I can't live that way oh, oh

Staring at the __________ page before you

Open up the __________ window
Let the sun illuminate the words that you cannot find
Reaching for something in the distance
So close you can almost ______________ it
Release your inhibitions
Unwritten-Natasha Bedingfield
Feel the ______ on your skin
No one else can feel it for you
Only you can let it in
No one else, no one else
Can speak the _________ on your lips
Drench yourself in words unspoken
Live your life with arms ________ open
Today is where your book begins x2

The rest is still unwritten

Staring at the ________ page before you

Open up the ______window
Let the sun illuminate the words that you cannot find
Reaching for something in the distance
So close you can almost ________ it
Release your inhibitions

Feel the ___________ on your skin

No one else can feel it for you
Only you can let it in
No one else, no one else
Can speak the ___________ on your lips
Drench yourself in words unspoken
Live your life with arms ________ open
Today is where your book begins x2

The rest is still unwritten

The rest is still unwritten
The rest is still unwritten
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
A day at the farm
 I love the weekend

Read comics - ride a bike

- play computer games - swap cards
- listen to music
- have a picnic - fly a kite - talk to friends.
I love the weekend

Run fast - play the piano

- play the guitar - play catch
- jump high
- skateboard - sing
I ´m at the street party

Tidy - untidy
- weak - strong
- lazy
- hard-working
 VERBS
3ª persona singular Present Simple verb volar
2ª persona plural Future simple verb caminar
1ª persona singular Present Perfect verb caer
2ª persona singular Present Continuous verb escoger
3ª persona plural Past Continuous verb comprar
1ª persona singular Conditional verb tener
2ª persona singular Past simple verb ir
3ª persona plural Conditional (neg) v. vender
1ª persona plural Past perfect (int) v. escribir
2ª persona singular Past simple v. sentir

Iré
Has tenido
¿Comerás?
Han ganado
No tengo
Compraríamos
Quise

TO BE
TO HAVE
TO GO
TO EAT
TO FALL
TO FEEL
TO COME
TO UNDERSTAND
TO CATCH
TO THINK
TO SAY
TO SEND
TO RIDE
TO CUT
TO CHOOSE
TO MEET
wants to/ doesn´t want to
The Royal Family Have Been Lifestyle Influencers For
Centuries, So Why Is The Duchess Of Sussex Being Criticised
For American Riviera Orchard?
Retrieved from Vogue
It’s official: the Duchess of Sussex is reinventing herself as a lifestyle influencer. This
week saw the big reveal of her new venture, American Riviera Orchard, with a slick logo
unveiled in nine tiles on Instagram. An accompanying video gives a little more
information, with Meghan seen artfully arranging white roses and hydrangeas in one
shot, while in another she’s cooking at a beautiful kitchen island, in what we presume is
her Montecito home. So far, so aspirational. Those who sign up for updates are
promised news on “products, availability and updates”, while the trademark for the
brand, filed in February, mentions decanters, kitchen linens, pet accessories, table card
holders, nut butters, spreads, preserves and jellies (jams)
Ever since her 2022 interview with The Cut, where she dropped hints that she would be
returning to Instagram, there has been intense speculation around Meghan’s next move.
Prior to marrying into the royal family, the former Suits actress was also a budding
lifestyle influencer, with her own blog, The Tig, on which she posted stories about her
favourite recipes and home décor hacks, shared yoga workouts and told you how to lay
your table for Christmas. After almost four years, she was forced to shutter it when she
became engaged to Prince Harry in 2017 as it was deemed inappropriate for a future
royal bride, but there’s always been a sense that the idea never really left her mind.
Naturally, with the launch of American Riviera Orchard, many have drawn comparisons
between Meghan and her fellow Hollywood A-listers turned lifestyle gurus. It’s been
suggested that the Duchess is hoping to emulate the success of Gwyneth Paltrow’s
Goop, or to be the “new” Martha Stewart – with a certain snarkiness to the commentary.
And while there are sparse details available about American Riviera Orchard at the
moment, one thing that Meghan has included on the Instagram page is her royal title –
the bio simply reads, “By Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. Established 2024” – which will no
doubt irritate some corners of the internet, with the tired implication that she is
somehow capitalising on her married status. Yet in many ways, Meghan’s career pivot
isn’t at all unusual for a royal – they have been lifestyle influencers, popularising trends,
promoting their favourite products and selling their own wares, for centuries now.
After all, what Meghan is doing with American Riviera Orchard isn’t dissimilar to what
her father-in-law, King Charles III, did with his Duchy Originals brand – and not just
because they both sell jam. Launched in 1990 as a passion project for the then Prince of
Wales, it championed his belief in organic farming practices, with milk from cows fed an
organic diet and eggs from chickens given ample space to roam and forage. Mocked for
what were seen as slightly “out there” views on agriculture for years, Charles was ahead
of the curve, and so was Waitrose, who snapped up a partnership with the brand
exclusively in 1992. Fast forward 30 years and Duchy Originals has raised in excess of
£30 million for The Prince of Wales’s Charitable Fund, which promotes building
sustainable communities, with a reported £3.6 million in profits for Waitrose in 2021
alone.
“The notion that royalty can ever be separated from social and cultural influence is
absurd,” shares historian Gareth Russell. “Royal support and royal patronage has huge
clout. Obviously, as you enter the 20th century, this role of ‘influencer’ is complicated by
the issue of potential commercial gain, but really if you look at things like the Duchy of
Cornwall, which has been incredibly successful with its range of organic food, what the
Duchess of Sussex is doing is essentially no different to other members of the royal
family, including the most senior members.”
What the former Prince of Wales did with his Duchy Originals is a modern take on
something that has existed since the 15th century, in fact: the royal warrant. Then as
now, tradespeople competed with each other for the monarch’s patronage, and those
given the official seal of approval were able to leverage it to profit their businesses. The
first official royal warrants were bequeathed by the Lord Chamberlain in the 1400s, and
by the 1700s, businesses were proudly putting the royal seal on their stationery and
above their premises. Of course, the practice still exists today, with hundreds of royal
warrant holders for everything from umbrellas to caviar, and more granted every year.
According to the Royal Warrant Holders’ Association website: “A Royal Warrant of
Appointment is a document that permits a company to use the royal arms in connection
with its business in an appointed trading capacity. It is granted for up to five years at a
time as a mark of recognition for the ongoing supply of goods or services to the royal
household.” If that’s not influencer territory – advertising products that are used and
approved of – we don’t know what is.
In addition to official seals of approval, the royals have long influenced how we live in
other ways, too. “Historically we have seen them wield soft cultural power for brands,”
shares Russell. “The popularity of Fabergé in Edwardian society was a direct result of the
very public patronage given to them by King Edward VII’s wife, Queen Alexandra, who
acquired her taste for Fabergé from her sister, the Empress Maria of Russia… [they] were
often seen entering and exiting Fabergé’s store in London. It’s worth noting that neither
of them paid full retail price for their pieces.”
Another element of Meghan’s new business suggests she will be either hosting events or
that the couple will be renting out accommodation of some description, and again, this
isn’t actually entirely new territory for a royal. An outbuilding on the grounds of the
Queen Mother’s former home, Castle Mey, was restored and reopened as a bed and
breakfast called The Granary by her beloved grandson Charles in 2019, while Prince
William now rents out holiday cottages on the Duchy of Cornwall estate, complete with
saunas, log burners and heated swimming pools.
“Prince William has done some extraordinary and pretty impressive work to ensure that
his office and household are no longer funded by the British taxpayer but by the profits
generated from the Duchy of Cornwall,” concludes Russell. “Obviously that’s not solely
through commercial endorsements and revenue, and he is still a senior working royal,
but it’s worth noting that there is a benefit to this kind of thing whereby royalty explores
other options and sources of income, to cease being funded primarily or solely by tax-
generated income.”
 VERBS
1ª perosna singular Pasado Continuous verbo soñar
2ª persona singular Condicional simple verbo pagar
3ª persona plural Past Perfect Interrogative v.dar
1ª persona plural Present Continuous neg v.dormir
3ª persona singualr masculina Past Simple afirm v.ir

Habíamos escrito
Habrán leído
No ha comprado (una chica)
¿Traerán?
¿Estuvieron bailando?

PASSIVE VOICE
Many students use this program
This program by many students
Martin drove the train
The train by Martin
A famous designer will make her new dress
Her new dress by a famous designer

CONDITIONALS
If it (not/to/rain) tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
Janine will pass her exames if she (to work) very hard
If the phone rings, (not/to answer) it.
If I (not/to get) the job, I could be very upset.
We (to get) there more quickly if we took this path.
If it (to start) to rain, put on your coat.