GXIM

GROUP
GLOSSARY
Alba Li Esmorís Caamaño, Carmen Magariños Blanco, Lidia
Ortega González y Laura Outeiral Solla

Business English 
[Fecha]
Maritime Vocabulary from Test Yourself Grammar:

- Barque: /bɑːk/ Small sailing ship. In Summer, we usually go on a barque near the cost.
- To bunker: /ˈtu/ /ˈbʌŋkər/ Add fuel. The workers filled the bunker with oil.
- Deck: /ˈdɛk/ Floor of ship. The sailor fell on the deck.
- Gear: /ˈgɪər/ Tool or equipment. You should keep properly your work gear.
- Go through the roof: /ˈgəʊ/ /ˈθruː/ /ˈðə//ˈruːf/ Rise dramatically. The price of olive oil
go through the roof this year.
- Joiner: /ˈdʒɔɪnər/ Woodworker or carpenter. That joiner made all the furniture of our
home.
- Lathe: /ˈleɪð/ Woodworking machine for turning. Mary must turn the lathe.
- Oil rig: /ˈɔɪl/ /ˈrɪg/ Machine for drilling oil on land or at sea. Working in an oi rig is well
payed.
- Rating: /ˈreɪtɪŋ/ Junior Royal Navy member.There are many ratings working in the Royal
Navy.
- Seafarer: /ˈsiːfɛərər/ Sailor. Being a seafarer sometimes is a risky activity.
- Welding: /ˈwɛldɪŋ/ Act of fusing metal. Welding bronze took just a few minutes.
- Welding gun: /ˈwɛldɪŋ/ /ˈgʌn/ Devise used to achieve welds on pieces of metal. Position
welding gun with washer in the area of the dent.
The designing of a Fashion Collection from Chapter 1:

- Array of: /əˈreɪ/ /ˈɒv/ Variety or range. The company provides an array of services for its
customers
- Be surrounded by: /ˈbiː/ /səˈraʊnd/ /ˈbaɪ/ Be enclosed or encircled by. The models were
surrounded by the photographers.
- Bishop sleeves: /ˈbɪʃəp/ /ˈsliːvs/ Type of arm of garment. The shirt was red with bishop
sleeves.
- Boxy: /ˈbɒksi/ Shaped like a box. The skirt has a boxy shaped.
- Dummy: /ˈdʌmi/ Mannequin for displaying clothes. There were many dummies in the
shop window.
- Entail:/ɪnˈteɪl/ Require or involve. Getting a good job entails a huge research.
- Flat: /ˈflæt/ Technical drawing. First of all, we have to develop the flats.
- Flawlessly: /ˈflɔːləsli/ Perfectly or without a fault. You did your driving exam flawlessly.
- Fur: /ˈfɜːr/ Animal hair. Mary bought a coat made of fur.
- Gills: /'ɡɪl/ Breathing organ of fish. When I went snorkeling I could see the fish´s gills
moving.
- Glimpse: /ˈglɪmps/ Brief sight. I make a glimpse of the people who was waiting for the
play.
- To give away: /ˈtu/ /ˈgɪv/ /əˈweɪ/ Reveal. The murder give away the truth.
- To make an appearance: /ˈtu/ /ˈmeɪk/ /ˈæn//əˈpɪərəns/ Sowing up to an event. The
most famous actress of the city made an appearance in the cinema festival of Santiago
de Compostela.
- Mastery: /ˈmɑːstəri/ Well control of skills. It took me years to reach mastery of my craft.
- Muslin: /ˈmʌzlɪn/ Prototypes. The first step is to made the muslins.
- Side seam: /ˈsaɪd/ /ˈsiːm/ Seam of the body: flank. You should sew the side seam of the
dress.
- Sparse: /ˈspɑːrs/ With few over area. My father´s head had become increasingly sparse
over the years.
- Strip: /ˈstrɪp/ Part of a garment that it is placed on the shoulders. The strips of the bra
are hurting my back.
- To flatter: /ˈtu/ /ˈflætər/Make attractive. Black clothes flatter all types of bodys.
- To let out the hem: /ˈtu/ /ˈlɛt/ /ˈaʊt/ /ˈðiː//ˈhɛm/ Pull out the sewn edge of a garment.
It is need to let out the hem of de skirt.
- To lurk: /ˈtu/ /ˈlɜːrk/ Wait hidden. The tiger lurked in the bushes, waiting for his food.

The Different Types of Fashion Models from Chapter2:

- Brochure: /ˈbrəʊʃjʊər/ Pamphlet. A nGO is handing out brochures on campus today.
- Call time: /ˈkɔːl/ /ˈtaɪm/ Time that you expend doing something. The make up call time
was 30 minutes.
- Commercials: /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/ Advertisement of TV or radio. For brands investing on
commercials is too expensive.
- Fit model: /ˈfɪt/ /ˈmɒdəl/ Fashion model of testing garment. The fit model has to
maintain always the same size.
- Gown: /ˈgaʊn/ Formal dress for a dance. We are going to analize the most beautiful
gowns of the Oscars Gala.
- To be booked: /ˈbiː/ /ˈbʊkt/ Hire someone. I was booked as a waitress for these holidays.
- To grace the covers: /ˈɡreɪs/ /ˈðə/ /ˈkʌvər s/ Appears on the cover of a magazine. The
famous model will grace the cover of VOGUE.
- To set someone apart: /ˈsɛt/ /ˈsʌmwʌn/ /əˈpɑːrt/ Make out or see the difference
between. The model set her apart from the rest of the people.
- Modeling scouts: /ˈmɒdəlɪŋ skaʊts/ Individuals or representatives of modeling agencies
who search for new talent. Modeling scouts play a crucial role in discovering fresh talent.
- Pouty: /ˈpaʊti/ Facial expression characterized by protruding or pursed lips. Despite her
pouty demeanor, Sarah's charm and charisma always shine through.
- Off-duty: /ˌɒfˈdjuːti/. Outside work hours.Most police in the US carry weapons when off
duty.
- Rehearsal: /rɪˈhɜːrsəl/ Practice. In the rehearsal everything goes well, we expect that the
show goes as well.
The Planning & Organizing of Fashion Events from Chapter 3:
- Cuff: /ˈkʌf/End part of a sleeve. I have to seem the cuffs of the shirt.
- Glided: /ˈglaɪd/ Gold colour. There were glided furniture.
- Gol-rimmed: /ˌgəʊldˈrɪmd/ Edge made of gold. The elegant champagne flutes on the
table were adorned with delicate gold-rimmed edges, adding a touch of sophistication
to the dinner party.
- Lightening: /ˈlaɪtənɪŋ/ Product that bleaches. I have applied a lightening product to the
stains on the T-shirt.
- Lighting: /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ Lights or illumination. It is need a good lightning for the photo shoot.
- Lightning: /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ Weather electrical discharge. To protect from lightnings you must
not open your umbrella.
- Lined: /ˈlaɪnd/ Cover the interior surface with a layer of material. The jacket was lined
with soft fleece to provide estra warmth during the winter months.
- Mannequin modelling: /mænɪkɪn ˈmɒdəlɪŋ/ Human-like figures used for display
purposes, to showcase clothing, accessories, or other products. Mannequin modeling
serves as a crucial tool for visualizing and refining new clothing designs.
 - Off the cuff: /ɒf ðə kʌf/Speaking or acting without preparation or rehearsal,
spontaneously or casually. During the press conference, the CEO gave an off-the-cuff
remark about the company's future plans.
- Stitching: /ˈstɪtʃɪŋ/ Activity of sewing. The stitching on the dress is well done.
- Swirling: Whirling motion. The swirling of the violent river frightened the boaters.
- Tearoom modelling: /ˈtiːruːm//ˈmɒdəlɪŋ/ Private and small models designer clothes. The
emerging designers used to show their collection in tearoom modelling.
- To flicker: /ˈflɪkər/ Brief wavering light. The small child flick his eyes
- To plan ahead: /tuː plæn əˈhɛd/ Make arrangements or dicisions in advance for future
events or situations. Planning ahead is essential for success in personal endeavors.
- To plan on+ verb in gerund: /tuː plæn ɒn/ Intending to do something. I plan on going
hiking this weekend.
- To plan out (something): /tuː plæn aʊt/ Planify with detail. I need to plan out my route
and make sure I have all the necessary gear.
- To plan on+ noun+verb in gerund: /tuː plæn ɒn/ Anticipate or waiting for something to
happen. We plan on dozens of people attending the theatre.
- To spritz on: /tuː sprɪts ɒn/ Applay or spray a small amount of perfume. I like to spritz on
a bit of perfume before heading out for the evening.
- Venue: /ˈvɛnjuː/ Place of an event. The venue of the catwalk will be the garden of the
palace.
-
The Branding, Marketing, Advertising and Management of a Brand from Chapter 4:

- Advent: /ˈæd.vɛnt/ Arrival or beginning of something significant. The advent of social

media change the way people relate with each others.
- Alike: /əˈlaɪk/ Similarity or resemblance. The siblings looked so much alike, with their
matching blue eyes and curly hair.
- Clued-up: /ˌkluːdˈʌp/ Knowledgeable, well-informed, or aware about a particular subject
or situation. Sarah made sure to read up on the company's history, so that she could be
clued-up during her first week of work.
- Crowdsourcing: /ˈkraʊdˌsɔːsɪŋ/ The practice of obtaining ideas, services, or content by
soliciting contributions from a large group of people. Companies increasingly rely on
crowdsourcing to gather ideas and feedback.
- Drip-feed: /ˈdrɪpˌfiːd/ The gradual release or provision of information, resources, or
content over time, often to maintain interest or engagement.The company decided to
drip-feed their product updates throughout the month to keep customers engaged.
- Edgy: /ˈɛdʒi/ Being innovative, daring, or unconventional in approach. Her edgy fashion
sense always turns heads on the streets with its bold combinations and unconventional
styles.
- Go to: /ˈgəʊ/ Favorite or preferred choice or option. Whenever I need advice or support,
my best friend is my go-to person.
- Liaise: /liˈeɪz/To work in cooperation with As the project manager, Sarah liaised between
the marketing and development teams to ensure that everyone was aligned with the
project's goals and timelines.
- Stationary: /ˈsteɪʃənəri/ Office supplies used for writing or correspondence. She
organized her desk, arranging her pens, papers and other stationary items.
 - To reach out: /tuː riːtʃ aʊt/ Make contact or establish communication with someone,
often to offer help, support, or initiate a connection. After hearing about the accident,
Sarah decided to reach out to her friend to offer her support and condolences.
- To keep up with: /tuː kiːp ʌp wɪð/To stay informed about the latest developments or
changes in a particular situation, activity, or field. It's essential for investors to keep up
with the latest news and trends to make informed decisions. it's my responsibility to sign
off on all completed tasks before they can proceed to the next phase of development.
- To sign off on: /tuː saɪn ɔːf ɒn/ To formally approve or authorize something. It's my
responsibility to sign off on all completed tasks before they can proceed to the next phase
of development.
- Wedge trainer: /wɛdʒ ˈtreɪnər/ Athletic shoe that combines the features of a sneaker
with a wedge heel. She decided to wear her wedge trainers for the outing, as they offered
the perfect blend of fashion and support for walking around the city.
The Buying and Merchandising of Fashion Products from Chapter 5:

- Assortment: /əˈsɔːrtmənt/ Variety of items or options availableHer boutique offers an

impressive assortment of silver jewelry.
- Behemoth: /bɪˈhiːməθ/Immense size or power, often used metaphorically. The
behemoth of a truck rumbled down the highway, dwarfing everything in its path.
- Chunky: /ˈtʃʌŋki/ Jewelry that is large, solid, or bulky in appearance. Chunky jewelry is a
trend this Spring-Summer collection.
- Foe: /foʊ/ The knight faced his foe with courage and determination, ready to defend his
kingdom. An enemy or opponent.
- Keen business sense: /kiːn ˈbɪznɪs sɛns/ Perceptive understanding or intuition regarding
business matters. Sarah's keen business sense allowed her to identify profitable
opportunities in the market before her competitors, ultimately leading to the success of
her company.
- Knockoff: /ˈnɒkɒf/ Unauthorized or counterfeit copy of a product. He was disappointed
to discover that the watch he bought online was just a knockoff, lacking the quality and
authenticity he had hoped for.
- Mark-ups: /ˈmɑːrkʌps/ Additional charges added to the cost price of goods or services,
usually to make a profit. The boutique's high mark-up on designer handbags often left
customers questioning if they were truly worth the inflated price.
- Never-out items: /ˈnɛvəraʊt ˈaɪtəmz/ Products that are always in demand and rarely go
out of style. Investing in timeless wardrobe staples like a well-tailored blazer and a little
black dress ensures you'll always have chic never-out items to rely on for any occasion.
- Pace: /peɪs/ rhythmic pattern of a person's movement, such as walking or running. As
the music played, the dancers moved gracefully, matching their steps to the lively pace
of the rhythm.
- Savvy: /ˈsævi/ Having practical knowledge, understanding, or shrewdness in a particular
subject or situation. John's savvy in the stock market allowed him to make strategic
investments that consistently yielded high returns.
- Scent: /sɛnt/ A smell or fragrance. The scent of freshly baked cookies wafted through the
kitchen, tempting everyone within reach.
- Stock: /stɒk/To offer goods for sale, particularly by keeping them in inventory or
available for purchase. The boutique stocks a variety of trendy clothing items to meet the
demands of its fashion-forward customers.
The Production of Clothing from Chapter 6:
 - Bias: /ˈbaɪəs/ A tendency or inclination towards a particular perspective, often unfair or
unbalanced. The journalist's bias was evident in the way they framed the story.
- Callouts: /ˈkɔːlaʊts/ Statements or annotations highlighting specific points or issues,
often in a visual or written format. The report included callouts to draw attention to key
findings.
- Cross-grain: /ˈkrɒs ɡreɪn/ Moving or situated perpendicular to the natural direction of
the grain, often in woodworking or fabric cutting. To strengthen the structure, the
carpenter cut the boards cross-grain.
- Grading: /ˈɡreɪdɪŋ/ The process of evaluating or assigning a quality or score to
something based on specific criteria. The grading of the exams took several days to
complete.
- Grain: /ɡreɪn/ The texture or direction of fibers in wood or other materials, often
influencing its strength or appearance. The woodworker preferred to sand with the grain
for a smoother finish.
- Hefty: /ˈhɛfti/ Large, bulky, or substantial in size, weight, or amount. The company faced
hefty fines for environmental violations.
- Latter: /ˈlætər/ Referring to the second of two things or options previously mentioned.
He had to choose between studying law or medicine; he chose the latter.
- Marker: /ˈmɑːrkər/ A sign, symbol, or indicator used to mark a position or highlight
something. The red marker on the map indicated the location of the treasure.
- Skyrocket: /ˈskaɪrɒkɪt/ To rapidly increase or rise to a very high level. After the
announcement of the new product, company stocks skyrocketed.
- To cost out: /tuː kɒst aʊt/ To calculate or estimate the total cost of something. Before
starting the project, we need to cost out all the materials and labour.
- To lay out: /tuː leɪ aʊt/ To arrange or organize something systematically or clearly. The
architect laid out the plans for the new building.
- To ship out: /tuː ʃɪp aʊt/ To send goods or items for delivery or transport. The
manufacturer shipped out the orders to customers around the world.
- To spot: /tuː spɒt/ To notice or identify something, often unexpectedly or by chance. She
managed to spot her friend in the crowd at the concert.

Dressmaking vocabulary from Trimmings text

- Dressmaking /ˈdrɛsmeɪ.kɪŋ/ The art or profession of making dresses or other garments,

especially for women. She learned dressmaking from her grandmother, who passed
down her skills and knowledge through generations.
- To pass down through /pæs dʌn θrʊ/ To hand down or transmit something from one
generation to another. The family's heirloom jewelry was passed down through the
generations, each one adding their own piece to the collection.
- Clips /klɪps/ A small piece of plastic or metal used to hold things together, such as papers
or fabric. She used clips to hold the fabric in place while she sewed the seams.
- Alligator clips /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɔr klɪps/ A type of clip with jaws that can be opened and closed,
used to hold electrical wires or other objects in place. The alligator clips were used to
attach the wires to the circuit board.
- Binder clips /ˈbaɪn.dər klɪps/ A type of clip with two metal loops that can be opened
and closed, used to hold sheets of paper together. He used binder clips to organize his
papers and keep them in neat stacks.
- Pins /pɪnz/ A small piece of metal or plastic with a sharp point, used to hold things in
place or to attach things together. She used pins to hold the fabric in place while she
sewed the seams.
- To hold something in place /həʊld sʌmθɪŋ ɪn pleɪs/ To keep something from moving or
shifting. The pins held the fabric in place while she sewed the seams.
- Fasteners /ˈfɑːs.tən.ərz/ A device or piece of hardware used to hold things together or
keep them in place. The dress had small fasteners along the back to keep it closed.
- To secure something in place /sɪˈkjʊər sʌmθɪŋ ɪn pleɪs/ To make something safe or
stable by attaching it firmly. She secured the fabric in place with clips and pins before
sewing it.
- Snaps /snæps/ A small fastener that can be opened and closed quickly, used to attach
things together. The pants had snaps at the waistband to make them easier to put on
and take off.
- Hoops and eyes /hʊps ənd aɪz/ A type of fastener consisting of a metal hoop and a loop
or eye that it can be inserted into, used to attach things together. The dress had hoops
and eyes along the back to keep it closed.
- To fasten /ˈfɑːs.tən/ To attach or secure something firmly. She fastened the buttons on
the dress to keep it closed.
- Zippers /ˈzɪ.pərz/ A type of fastener consisting of a strip of fabric with interlocking teeth
that can be pulled together to close or open something. The jacket had a zipper down
the front to make it easy to put on and take off.
- Hidden /ˈhɪd.ən/ Concealed or not immediately visible. The zipper on the dress was
hidden by a flap of fabric.
- Lace /leɪs/ A type of fabric made from thread that is woven or knitted in a decorative
pattern. The dress had a lace collar and waistband.
- Edging /ˈɛdʒ.ɪŋ/ A decorative border or trim added to the edge of something. The dress
had a lace edging along the hem.
- Collar /ˈkɒl.ər/ A piece of fabric that covers the neck and is attached to the top of a shirt
or dress. The dress had a collar that added a touch of elegance.
- Waistband /ˈweɪst.bænd/ A band of fabric that goes around the waist and is attached
to the top of pants or a skirt. The pants had a wide waistband that cinched in the waist
and accentuated the hips.
- Tye /taɪ/ A cord or string used to tie something together. The dress had a tye around the
waist that could be adjusted for a custom fit.
- Piping /ˈpaɪ.pɪŋ/ A type of trim made from a strip of fabric that is sewn onto the edge
of something to add decoration or reinforcement. The dress had piping along the seams
that added a touch of sophistication.
- Fringe /frɪndʒ/ A decorative border made from threads or cords that hang down from
the edge of something. The dress had a fringe along the hem that swayed as she walked.
- Strands /strændz/ A long, thin piece of something, such as hair or thread. The dress had
strands of beads sewn onto the bodice that caught the light as she moved.
- Thread /θrɛd/ A thin, flexible strand of material used for sewing or weaving. She used a
white thread to sew the buttons onto the dress.
- Beads /biːdz/ A small, decorative object made from glass, plastic, or other materials that
can be strung together or sewn onto fabric. The dress had beads sewn onto the bodice
that sparkled in the light.
- Sequins /ˈsɛk.wɪnz/ A small, shiny disc made from plastic or metal that is sewn onto
fabric for decoration. The dress had sequins sewn onto the bodice that caught the light
as she moved.
- Embellishments /ɪmˈbɛl.ɪʃ.mənts/ A decorative detail or feature added to something to
make it more attractive or interesting. The dress had intricate embellishments along the
neckline and hem that added a touch of glamour.
- Intricate /ˈɪn.trɪ.kət/ Complex or detailed in design or construction. The collar of the
dress were intricate, requiring hours of careful work to complete.