Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C.

Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 77 – SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A Symmetrical parabolic curve is designed to pass through point A at station 4 + 50

whose elevation is 76.18 ft. The P.C. of this parabolic curve is at station 2 + 75 whose
elevation is 74 ft. The length of the parabolic curve is 400 ft. long having a backward
tangent grade of + 2.5%. It is required to determine the amount of cut and fill at stations
2 + 75, 3 + 00, 4 + 00, 5 + 00, 6 + 00, and 6 + 75 if the ground elevations are as follows:

Station Ground Elevation Station Ground Elevation

2 + 75 74.00 5 + 00 76.925
3 + 00 75.881 6 + 00 75.825
4 + 00 76.815 6 + 75 70.940

Solution:

Solve for DE:

𝐷𝐸 = 74 𝑓𝑡 − 70.94 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐷𝐸 = 3.06 𝑓𝑡
2.5%9400 𝑓𝑡 = 10 𝑓𝑡
Solve for 𝑔2 :
𝐿(𝑔1 − 𝑔2) 400 𝑓𝑡
3.06 𝑓𝑡 + 10 𝑓𝑡 = = 13.06 = (0.025 − 𝑔2) = 𝑔2 = −4.03%
2 2
Solve for H:

𝐿 400 𝑓𝑡
𝐻 = (𝑔1 − 𝑔2) = 𝐻= (0.025 − (−0.0403)) = 𝐻 = 3.265 𝑓𝑡.
8 8
Solve for 𝑦𝑛 :
𝑦𝑛 𝐻
= = 𝑦1 = 0.05 𝑓𝑡, 𝑦2 = 1.28 𝑓𝑡, 𝑦3 = 2.5 𝑓𝑡, 𝑦4 = 0.46 𝑓𝑡
(𝑥𝑛 )2 (𝐿)2
2

𝑑1 = 2.5%(25) = 𝑑1 = 0.625 ft; 𝑑2 = 2.5%(125) = 𝑑2 = 3.125 ft

𝑑3 = 4.3%(175) = 𝑑3 = 7.052 ft; 𝑑4 = 4.3%(75) = 𝑑4 = 3.022 ft

𝑑ℎ = 2.5%(200) = 𝑑ℎ = 5 ft

Solve for Elevation of the Parabolic Curve:

𝐸𝑛 = 74 + dn − yn & 𝐸𝑚 = 70.940 + dm – ym

𝐸1 = 74 ft + 0.625 ft − 0.05 ft = 𝐸1 = 74.58 𝑓𝑡

𝐸2 = 74 ft + 3.125 ft − 1.28 ft = 𝐸2 = 75.84 𝑓𝑡

𝐸3 = 70.94 ft + 7.052 ft − 2.5 ft = 𝐸3 = 75.49 𝑓𝑡

𝐸4 = 70.94 ft + 3.022 ft − 0.46 ft = 𝐸4 = 73.50 𝑓𝑡

Solve for Amount of Cut at each Station:

𝐶𝑢𝑡 1 = Elev. Sta. 3 + 00– 𝐸1 = 𝐶𝑢𝑡 1 = 75.881 ft– 74.58 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐂𝐮𝐭 𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝐟𝐭

𝐶𝑢𝑡 2 = Elev. Sta. 4 + 00– 𝐸2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑡 2 = 76.815 ft– 75.84 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐂𝐮𝐭 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟓 𝐟𝐭

𝐶𝑢𝑡 3 = Elev. Sta. 5 + 00– 𝐸3 = 𝐶𝑢𝑡 3 = 76.925 ft– 75.49 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐂𝐮𝐭 𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟓 𝐟𝐭

𝐶𝑢𝑡 4 = Elev. Sta. 6 + 00– 𝐸4 = 𝐶𝑢𝑡 4 = 75.825 ft– 73.50 𝑓𝑡 = 𝐂𝐮𝐭 𝟒 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟐𝟓 𝐟𝐭
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 78 – SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A symmetrical parabolic curve connects two grades of + 6% and -4%. It is to

pass through a point p the stationing of which is 35 + 280 and the elevation is 198.18
meters. If the elevation of the grade intersection is 200 meters with stationing 35 + 300
determine:
a. The length of the curve
b. Stationing and elevations of P.C. and P.T.
c. The location of the highest of point the curve.
d. Elevation of station 35 + 280 on the curve
Solution:

35 + 300 𝑚 − (35 + 280 𝑚) = 20 𝑚

𝑎 = 20 𝑚(0.06) = 𝑎 = 1.20 𝑚
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃 = 200 𝑚 − 1.20 𝑚 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃 = 198.80 𝑚
a. The length of the curve

Solve for y:
𝑦 = 198.80 𝑚 − 198.18 𝑚 = 𝑦 = 0.62 𝑚

Solve for H:
𝐿 𝐿
𝐻 = (𝑔1 − 𝑔2 ) = 𝐻 = (0.06 − (−)0.03) = 𝐻 = 0.011 𝑚
8 8
 𝐿
Solve for Length of the Curve: where 𝑥 = 2 − 20
𝑦 𝐻 0.62 𝑚 0.011 𝑚(𝐿)
= = = = 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎
𝑥 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
(2 − 20)2 (2)2
2

b. Stationing and elevations of P.C. and P.T.

Solve for Station PC:

𝐿 123.40 𝑚
sta. PC = 35 + 300 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝐶 = 35 + 300 − 𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝑷𝑪 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟐𝟑𝟖. 𝟑 𝒎
2 2

Solve for Station PT:

𝐿 123.40 𝑚
sta. PT = 35 + 300 + = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑇 = 35 + 300 + 𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝑷𝑻 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟑𝟔𝟏. 𝟕 𝒎
2 2

c. The location of the highest of point the curve.

Solve for Highest Point (H):

𝑔1 0.06
𝐻= 𝐿 = 𝐻= (123.40 𝑚) = 𝑯 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎 (𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝑪)
𝐴 0.09

d. Elevation of station 35 + 280 on the curve

Solve for Elevation 35 + 280:
𝐿 123.40 𝑚
Elev. 35 + 280 = Elev. PC − 𝑔1 = Elev. 35 + 280 = 198.18 m − (0.06)
2 2

𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐯. 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟐𝟖𝟎 = 𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟒𝟖 𝐦

Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 79 – SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A horizontal laid circular pipe culvert having an elevation of its top to be 85.18 ft.
crosses the right angles under a proposed 400 ft parabolic curve. The point of
intersection of the grade lines is at station 12 + 80 and its elevation is 88.50 ft while the
culvert is located at station 13 + 20. The backward tangent has a grade of + 3% and the
grade of the forward tangent is – 1.6%. Under these conditions, what will be the depth
of cover over the pipe?

Solution:

13 + 20 𝑚 − (12 + 80 𝑚) = 40 𝑚
200 𝑚 − 40 𝑚 = 160 𝑚
Solve for H:
𝐿 400 𝑚
𝐻= (𝑔 − 𝑔2 ) = 𝐻 = (0.03 − (−0.016)) = 𝐻 = 2.3 𝑚
8 1 8

Solve for y:
𝑦 𝐻 𝑦 2.7 𝑚
= = = = 𝑦 = 1.08 𝑚
(160) (400) (160) (400)
Solve for Elevation B:

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐵 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 − 40 𝑚(1.6%) − 𝑦

0.3048 𝑚
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐵 = 88.50 ft ( ) − 40 𝑚(−1.6%) − 1.08 𝑚 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐵 = 26.53 𝑚
1 𝑓𝑡
Solve for Depth of cover (h):
0.3048 𝑚 0.3048 𝑚
ℎ = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐵 − 85.18 ft ( ) = ℎ = 26.53 𝑚 − 85.18 ft ( )
1 𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡

𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 80 – SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

An underpass road crossing a reinforced concrete bridge along the Shaw Blvd.
has a downward grade of – 4% meeting an upward grade of + 8% at the vertex V
(elevation 70.00 m) at station 7 + 700, exactly underneath the center line of the bridge
having a width of 10.00 meters. If the required minimum clearance under the bridge is
5.00 meters and the elevation of the bottom of the bridge is 78.18 meters, determine the
following:
a. Length of the vertical parabolic curve that shall connect the two tangents.
b. Stationing and elevation where a catch basin will be placed.
Solution:
a. Length of the vertical parabolic curve that shall connect the two tangents.

𝐿 𝐿
Eq 1. 𝑦𝑜 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 − 𝑔1 (2) = 𝑦𝑜 = 70 𝑚 − (−0.04) (2)

Solve for y:

𝑦 = 78.18 m − 5.00 m = y = 73.18 m

𝑔2 −𝑔1 𝐿
The equation of the curve is (y) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑜 where 𝑥 = 2
2𝐿

Solve for L:
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑜
2𝐿
0.08 − (−0.04) 𝐿 2 𝐿 𝐿
78.18 m = ( ) + (−0.04)( ) + 70 𝑚 − (−0.04) ( )
2𝐿 2 2 2
0.12𝐿
78.18 m = − 0.02𝐿 + 70 𝑚 + 0.02𝐿
8
0.12𝐿 0.12𝐿
= 78.18 𝑚 − 70 m = ( = 8.18 𝑚) (8) = 0.12𝐿 = 65.44 𝑚
8 8
𝑳 = 𝟓𝟒𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎
b. Stationing and elevation where a catch basin will be placed.
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑜
2𝐿
𝐿
Solve for y: where 𝑥 = 2

𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑜
2𝐿
0.08 − (−0.04) 𝐿 2 𝐿 𝐿
y= ( ) + (−0.04)( ) + 70 𝑚 − (−0.04) ( )
2𝐿 2 2 2
0.12𝐿
y= − 0.02𝐿 + 70 𝑚 + 0.02𝐿
8
0.12(3793.33 𝑚)
y= + 70 𝑚 = 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟎 𝒎
8
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 81 – SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A vertical highway curve is to pass through a railroad at grade. The crossing

must be at Station 64 + 50 and at an elevation 724.00 ft. The initial grade of the highway
is + 2% and meets a – 3% grade at station 62 + 00 at an elevation of 732.18 ft. The rate
of change must not exceed 1% per station.
a. What length of curve will meet the condition?
b. What is the stationing and elevation of the highest point of the curve?
Solution:

a. What length of curve will meet the condition?

𝑔1 − 𝑔2 0.02 − (−0.03)
1% = ( ) 𝑥100% = 0.01 = ( ) 𝑥100% = 𝑳 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒕
𝐿 𝐿

b. What is the stationing and elevation of the highest point of the curve?
Solve for Highest Point (H):
𝑔1 0.02
𝐻= 𝐿 = 𝐻= (500 𝑓𝑡) = 𝐻 = 200 𝑓𝑡 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑃𝑉𝐶)
𝐴 0.05
Solve for Highest Point of Elevation:
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑃𝑉𝐶
2𝐿
𝐿
where 𝑥 = 2;

𝑔1 𝐿
𝑦𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 𝑦𝑃𝑉𝐼 − ( )
2 100
0.02 500 𝑓𝑡
𝑦𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 732.18 ft − ( ) = 𝒚𝑷𝑽𝑪 = 𝟕𝟑𝟐. 𝟏𝟑 𝒇𝒕
2 100
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑃𝑉𝐶
2𝐿
−0.03 − 0.02 500 𝑓𝑡 2 500 𝑓𝑡
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) + 0.02 ( ) + 732.13 𝑓𝑡 = 𝒚𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟕𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟏 𝒇𝒕
2(500 𝑓𝑡) 2 2
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 82 – UNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

An unsymmetrical parabolic curve has a forward tangent of -8% and a backward tangent
of +5%. The length of the curve on the left side of the curve is 40.00 meters long while
that of the right side is 60.00 meters long. If P.C. is Station 6 + 780 and the elevation is
110.18 meters a) determine the height of fill at the outcrop, b) Determine the height of
curve at Sta. 6 + 820.

Solution:
a. Determine the height of fill at the outcrop
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2 0.05 − (−0.08)
𝑦= 𝑥 = 𝑦= (20 𝑚)2 = 𝑦 = 0.26 𝑚
2𝐿 2(100 𝑚)

Solve for Elevation of Sta. 6 + 820:

Elevation of Sta. 6 + 820 = Elevation of PC + 𝑔1 𝑥 − 𝑦
Elevation of Sta. 6 + 820 = 110.18 m + (0.05)(20 𝑚) − 0.26 𝑚
Elevation of Sta. 6 + 820 = 110.92 m

Elevation of Outcrop = 108.40 m

Solve for height of fill at the outcrop (h):

ℎ = Elevation of Sta. 6 + 820 − Elevation of Outcrop
ℎ = 110.92 m − 108.40 m = 𝐡 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 𝐦

b. Determine the height of curve at Sta. 6 + 820.

𝑔 0.13
𝐻= (𝐿1 )2 = 𝐻 = (40 𝑚)2 = 𝑯 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒 𝒎
2𝐿 2(100 𝑚)
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 83 – UNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A forward tangent having a slope of -4% intersects the back tangent having a slope
+7% at point V at Station 6 + 300 having an elevation of 230.00 meters. It is required to
connect the two tangents with an unsymmetrical parabolic curve that shall pass through
point A on the curve having an elevation of 227.18 meters at station 6 + 270. The length
of curve is 60.00 meters on the side of the back tangent. A) It is required to determine the
length of the curve on the side of the forward tangent. B) Determine the stationing and
elevation of the highest point of the curve.

Solution:

Equation of the curve:

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Solve for a:
𝑔2 − 𝑔1 −0.04 − 0.07 −0.055
𝑎= = 𝑎= = 𝑎=
2𝐿 2𝐿 𝐿

Solve for Elevation PVC (c):

𝐿 𝐿
Elev. PVC = Elev. PVI − 𝑔1 = Elev. PVC = 230.00 m − (0.07)
2 2
Elev. PVC = 230.00 m − 0.035L

Solve for x:
𝐿
𝑥 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 𝑥 = 6 + 270 − (6 + 300 − )
2
𝐿
𝑥 = − 30
2
Solve for L: where y = 227.18 m and b = 0.07
2
−0.055 𝐿 𝐿
227.18 m = ( ) ( − 30) + 0.07 ( − 30) + 230.00 m − 0.035L
𝐿 2 2
L = 148.05 m

a. It is required to determine the length of the curve on the side of the forward tangent

𝐿2 = 𝐿 − 𝐿1 = 𝐿2 = 148.05 m − 60 𝑚 = 𝑳𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎

b. Determine the stationing and elevation of the highest point of the curve

−0.055 −0.055
𝑎= = 𝑎= = 𝑎 = −0.000371 𝑚
𝐿 148.05 m

Solve for Highest point of the Curve (x):

−𝑏 −0.07
𝑥= = 𝑥= = 𝑥 = 94.34 𝑚
2𝑎 2(−0.000371 𝑚)

Solve for Station PC:

𝐿 148.05 𝑚
sta. PC = 6 + 300 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝐶 = 6 + 300 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝐶 = 6 + 225.98 𝑚
2 2

Solve for Stationing of Highest point of the Curve:

𝑠𝑡𝑎. of Highest point of the Curve = sta. PC + x

𝑠𝑡𝑎. of Highest point of the Curve = 6 + 225.98 𝑚 + 94.34 𝑚
𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝐨𝐟 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞 = 𝟔 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 𝐦

Solve for Elevation of Highest point of the Curve (𝐸𝐻 ):

c = 230.00 m − 0.035L = c = 230.00 m − 0.035(148.05 m) = 𝑐 = 224.82 𝑚

𝐸𝐻 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝐸𝐻 = (−0.000371 𝑚)(94.34 𝑚)2 + 0.07(94.34 𝑚) + 224.82 𝑚
𝑬𝑯 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟏𝟐 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 84 – UNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

In a certain road construction undertaken by DPWH it was decided to connect a

forward tangent of 3% and a back tangent of -5% by 200-meter symmetrical parabolic
curve. It was discovered that the grade intersection at 10 + 100 whose elevation is 100.00
meters fall on a rocky section with the exposed boulder at elevation 102.18 meters. To
avoid rocky excavation, the project engineer decided to adjust the vertical parabolic curve
in such a way that the curve will just clear the rock without altering the position of P.C.
and the grade of the tangents. Determine the stationing and elevation of new P.T.

Solution:

Solve for Elevation of PVC:

𝐿 200 𝑚
𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 10 + 100 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 10 + 100 −
2 2
𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 10 + 000

𝐿 200 𝑚
Elev. PVC = PVI − 𝑔1 = Elev. PVC = 100 m − (−0.05)
2 2
Elev. PVC = 105 m

Solve for new Curve Length (𝐿2 ): where 𝑥 = 100 𝑚; 𝑦 = 102.18 m

𝑔2 − 𝑔1 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑔1 𝑥 + Elev. PVC
2𝐿
0.03 − (−0.05)
102.18 m = (100 𝑚)2 + (−0.05)(100 𝑚) + 105 m
2𝐿2
800 𝑚2
102.18 m = − 5 𝑚 + 105 m = 𝐿2 = 183.49 𝑚
2𝐿2
Solve for new Station PVT or PT:

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 + 𝐿2 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑇 = 10 + 000 + 183.49 𝑚

𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝑷𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝒎

Solve for new Elevation of PVT or PT:

𝐿2
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝑇 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 + (𝑔1 + 𝑔2 )
2
183.49 𝑚
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝑇 = 105 𝑚 + (−0.05 + 0.03)
2
𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗. 𝑷𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 85 – UNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE

A forward tangent of +6% was designed to intersect a back tangent of

-3% at a proposed underpass along EDSA so as to maintain a minimum clearance
allowed under a bridge which crosses perpendicular to the underpass. A 200.00 meters
curve lies on the side of the back tangent while a 100.00 meters curve lies on the side of
the froward tangent. The stationing and elevation of the grade intersection is 12 + 530.20
meters and 100.00 meters respectively. The centerline of the bridge fall at station 12 +
575.20. The elevation of the underside of the bridge is 117.48 meters. Determine the
minimum clearance of the bridge if it has a width of 10.00 meters.

Solution:

Solve for Station VPC:

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐼 − 𝐿1 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 12 + 530.20 − 200 𝑚

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 12 + 330.30 𝑚

Solve for Station VPT:

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝐼 + 𝐿2 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝑇 = 12 + 530.20 + 100 𝑚

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑉𝑃𝑇 = 12 + 630.20 𝑚
Solve for Elevation VPC:
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐼 + 𝑔1 𝐿1
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 100 + (−0.03)(200 𝑚) = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 94 𝑚

Solve for Elevation VPT:

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐼 + 𝑔2 𝐿2
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 100 + (0.06)(100 𝑚) = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑉𝑃𝐶 = 106 𝑚

Solve for Tangent Elevation at 12 + 575.20:

𝑥 = 12 + 575.20 m − 12 + 530.20 m = x = 45 m

Tangent Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = 100 m − 𝑔2 𝑥

Tangent Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = 100 m − (0.06)(45 𝑚)
Tangent Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = 97.3 m

Solve for Distance of Station VPT to the left of the bridge:

𝑥2 = 12 + 630.20 𝑚 − 12 + 575.20 m = 𝑥2 = 55.00 𝑚

Solve for Clearance of bridge at left side:

𝐿1 𝐴 200 𝑚 6 − (−3)
𝑦 = 𝑥2 2 ( ) = 𝑦 = (55.00 𝑚)2 ( )
𝐿2 200𝐿 100 𝑚 200(200 𝑚 + 100 𝑚)
𝑦 = 0.9075 𝑚

Solve for Curve Elevation at 12 + 575.20:

Curve Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = Tangent Elevation at 12 + 575.20 + y

Curve Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = 97.3 m + 0.9075 m
Curve Elevation at 12 + 575.20 = 98.21 m

Solve for Minimum Clearance:

Minimum Clearance = 117.48 m − 98.21 m

𝐌𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟕 𝐦
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 86 – SIGHT DISTANCE

A vertical summit curve has a tangent grade of 2.8% and -1.6%. A motorist whom
eye sight is 4.18 ft. above the road way sighted the top of a visible object 4.20 high at the
right side of the summit. Calculate the length of the curve for a sight distance of 432.00
ft.

Solution:

Solve for Length of the Curve:

𝐴𝑆 2
𝐿=
100(2√2ℎ1 + 2√ℎ2 )2

|(−1.6 − 2.8)|(432.00 𝑓𝑡)2

𝐿=
100(2√2(4.18 𝑓𝑡) + √2(4.20 𝑓𝑡))2

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟗𝟔 𝒇𝒕
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 87 – SIGHT DISTANCE

A grade ascending at the rate of 5% meets another grade descending at the rate
of 4% at the vertex of elevation 20.18 m. and stationing 5 + 000. Solve for the stationing
and elevation of the summit of the vertical parabolic curve which will connect the grade
lines for a safe distance of 150.00 m., the height of the eyes of the drivers above the
pavement at each end of the sight distance being 1.50 meters

Solution:

Solve for Station of Summit (PVI):

𝐿 150 𝑚
𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝑇 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 5 + 000 − = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐶 = 4 + 925 𝑚
2 2
𝑔1 𝐿 (5)150 𝑚
𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐼 = sta. PVC + = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑃𝑉𝐼 = 4 + 925 𝑚 +
𝐴 (4 + 5)

𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝑷𝑽𝑰 = 𝟓 + 𝟎𝟎𝟖. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎

Equation of the curve:
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Solve for a:

𝑔2 − 𝑔1 −0.04 − 0.05 −0.045

𝑎= = 𝑎= = 𝑎= = 𝑎 = 0.0003 𝑚
2𝐿 2𝐿 150 𝑚

Solve for c:

𝑔2 𝐿 (−0.04)(150 𝑚)
𝑐 = 20.18 𝑚 − = 𝑐 = 20.18 𝑚 − = 𝑐 = 23.18 𝑚
2 2

Solve for Elevation of Summit (y): where b = 0.05

𝑔1 𝐿 (0.05)(150 𝑚)
𝑥= = 𝑥= = 𝑥 = 0.83 𝑚
𝐴 (4 + 5)

𝑦 = (0.0003 𝑚)(0.83 𝑚)2 + (0.05)(0.83 𝑚) + 23.18 𝑚

𝒚 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟐 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 88 – PASSING SIGHT DISTANCES FOR VERTICAL SAG CURVE AT
UNDERPASS

In a certain underpass, the vertical clearance of the 240.00-meter parabolic curve

with P.C. at station 13 + 000 and elevation 30.00 meters is 14.50 ft. The height of the
object at the instant of perception is 3.50 ft. while that of the driver’s eye is 4.50 ft. If the
approach grade is -4% and the passing sight distance is 320.00 meters, what is the grade
of the forward tangent? At what point (station and elevation) of the curve should the catch
basin be installed?

Solution:

Solve for 𝑔2 :

2𝑆(𝐴) − 8𝐻
𝐿=
(𝐴)
0.3048 𝑚)
2(320.00 𝑚)(𝐴) − 8(4.50 𝑓𝑡 + 3.50 𝑓𝑡)(
1 𝑓𝑡
240.00 m =
(𝐴)
240.00 m(A) = 640.00 𝑚(𝐴) − 19.51 𝑚 = 𝐴 = 0.048 𝑜𝑟 4.9%

A = 𝑔2 − 𝑔1 = 4.9% = 𝑔2 − (−4%) = 𝑔2 = 0.9%

Solve for Location of L.P on sag curve from PC:

𝑔1 𝐿 (−4%)(240.00 𝑚)
𝐿𝑃 = = 𝐿𝑃 = = 𝐿𝑃 = −195.92 𝑚
𝐴 4.9%

Solve for Station at L.P:

𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝐿𝑃 = sta. PC + 𝐿𝑃 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝐿𝑃 = 13 + 000 − 195.92 m

𝒔𝒕𝒂. 𝑳𝑷 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟖𝟎𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎

Solve for Elevation of PI:

𝑔1 𝐿 (−0.04)(240.00 𝑚)
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐶 − = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 = 30.00 𝑚 −
2 2
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 = 34.8 𝑚

Solve for Elevation of PT:

𝑔2 𝐿 (0.09)(240.00 𝑚)
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝑇 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 − = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 = 34.8 𝑚 −
2 2
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 = 24 𝑚
Solve for Elevation of Middle Chord:

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐶 + 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 (34.8 𝑚) + (24.0 𝑚)

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑀𝐶 = = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑀𝐶 =
2 2
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑀𝐶 = 29.4 𝑚

Solve for Elevation of LP on Tangent:

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐿𝑃 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝑇 − (𝑔2 )(𝐿 + 𝐿𝑃) = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐿𝑃 = 24 𝑚 − (0.09)(240.00 𝑚 − 195.92 𝑚)

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐿𝑃 = 20.03 𝑚

Solve for Tangent Offset at PI:

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑀𝑃𝐶 − 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑃𝐼 (29.4 𝑚) − (24.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼 = = 𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼 =
2 2
𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼 = 2.7 𝑚

Solve for Tangent Offset at LP:

2 2
(𝐿 + 𝐿𝑃) (240.00 𝑚 − 195.92 𝑚)
𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑃 =( ) (𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼 ) = 𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑃 = ( ) (2.7 𝑚)
𝐿 240.00 𝑚
2 2
𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑃 = 0.36 𝑚

Solve for Curve Elevation of LP:

Curve Elevation of LP = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐿𝑃 + 𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑃

Curve Elevation of LP = 20.03 𝑚 + 0.36 𝑚
𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐏 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟗 𝐦
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 89 – PASSING SIGHT DISTANCES FOR VERTICAL SAG CURVE AT
UNDERPASS

The vertical clearance of the parabolic sag curve of the newly constructed
Balintawak Underpass is to be determined if the maximum height of the driver’s eye that
could utilize such underpass measured from the pavement is 4.50 ft., while that of the
object at the instant of perception is 3.50 ft. The length of the parabolic curve is 1,152.00
ft. and that of the passing sight distance is 1,100.00 ft. The designed grade at the back
tangent is -5% while the forward tangent has a designed grade of +3%.

Solution:

Solve for Clearance Interval (S):

𝐴𝑆 2
𝐿=
100(2√2ℎ1 + 2√ℎ2 )2

|(−5 − 3)|𝑆 2
1152.00 𝑓𝑡 =
100(2√2(4.50 𝑓𝑡) + 2√(3.50 𝑓𝑡))2

|(−8)|𝑆 2 = 1152.00 𝑓𝑡(100(2√2(4.50 𝑓𝑡) + √2(3.50 𝑓𝑡))2

8𝑆 2 = 1152.00 𝑓𝑡(100(2√2(4.50 𝑓𝑡) + √2(3.50 𝑓𝑡))2

𝑺 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟗. 𝟖𝟎 𝒇𝒕
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 90 – PASSING SIGHT DISTANCES FOR VERTICAL SAG CURVE

A highway designed for speeds of 60 mph, is being constructed over a hill with a 3%
ascending grade and a 2% descending grade. The point of intersection of the two grades
is at elevation 100.00 ft. and at that station the elevation of the ground is 95.00 ft. What
will be the depth of cut at the point where the two grades intersect if the vertical curve
used is designed for a safe passing sight distance of 2,100.00 ft. Height of observer’s eye
from the pavement is 4.50 ft. and that of the object is also 4.50 ft. above the pavement.

Solution:

Solve for Length of the Curve:

𝑆 2 (𝑔1 − 𝑔2 ) (2,100.00 ft)2 (3 − 2)

𝐿= = 𝐿=
𝑉2 (60 𝑚𝑝ℎ)2
𝐿 = 1225 𝑓𝑡

Solve for H:
𝐿 1225 𝑓𝑡
𝐻= (𝑔 − 𝑔2 ) = 𝐻 = (0.03 − (−0.02)) = 𝐻 = 7.66 𝑓𝑡
8 1 8

Solve for the Depth of Cut:

𝐷 = 𝐻 − (100 𝑓𝑡 − 95 𝑓𝑡) = 𝐷 = 7.66 𝑓𝑡 − (100 𝑓𝑡 − 95 𝑓𝑡)

𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔 𝒇𝒕
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 91 – PASSING SIGHT DISTANCES FOR VERTICAL SAG CURVE

A vertical parabolic summit curve was designed in order to have a clear sight
distance of 120.00 meters. The grade lines intersect a station 9 + 100 at elevation 160.18
meters. The curve was so designed such that when the height of the driver’s eye is 4.50
ft. above the pavement it could just see an object whose height is 4.20 inches above the
pavement. Determine then the maximum speed that a car could travel along this curve.
The grade lines have an upward grade of +5% and a downward grade of -3%.

Solution:

Solve for Length of the Curve:

𝐴𝑆 2
𝐿=
100(2√2ℎ1 + 2√ℎ2 )2

|(5 − (−3))|(120.00 𝑚)2

𝐿=
0.3048 𝑚 0.0254 𝑚 2
100(2√2(4.50 𝑓𝑡)( ) + √2(4.20 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ)( )
1 𝑓𝑡 1 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ

𝐿 = 128.38 𝑚

Solve for Maximum Speed:

𝑆 2 (𝑔1 − 𝑔2 )
𝐿=
𝑉2

(120 𝑚)2 (0.05 − (−0.03))

128.38 𝑚 =
𝑉2

𝑉 2 (128.38 𝑚) = (120 𝑚)2 (0.05 − (−0.03))

𝑉 2 (128.38 𝑚) = (120 𝑚)2 (0.05 − (−0.03))

𝑽 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒑𝒉
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 92 – SPIRAL CURVE

A simple curve having a radius of 280.18 meters connects two tangents

intersecting at an angle of 50˚00’. It is to be replaced by another curve having 80.00
meters spirals at ends such that the point of tangency shall be the same.
a. Determine the radius of new circular curve
b. Determine the distance that the curve will move nearer the vertex.
c. Determine the central angle of the circular curve.
d. Determine the deflection angle at the end of the spiral.
e. Determine the offset from tangent at the end point of the spiral.
f. Determine the distance along the tangent at the midpoint of the spiral.

Solution:

a. Determine the radius of new circular curve

𝑇𝑆 𝑇𝑆
tan 𝜃 = = tan 25° = = 𝑇𝑆 = 130.65 𝑚
𝑅 280.18 𝑚
𝐿 2
Solve for new circular curve (𝑅𝐶 ): where 𝑥𝐶 = 6𝑅𝐶
𝐶

𝐿𝐶 𝑥𝐶
𝑇𝑆 = + (𝑅𝐶 + ) tan 25°
2 4
 80.00 𝑚 80.00 𝑚2
130.65 𝑚 = + (𝑅𝐶 + ) tan 25°
2 4(6)𝑅𝐶

80.00 𝑚2
130.65 𝑚 = 40.00 𝑚 + (𝑅𝐶 + ) tan 25°
24𝑅𝐶

10.00 𝑚2
130.65 𝑚 − 40.00 𝑚 = tan 25° (𝑅𝐶 ) + (tan 25°)( )
3𝑅𝐶

10.00 𝑚2
194.40 𝑚 = (𝑅𝐶 ) + ( )
3𝑅𝐶

𝑹𝑪 = 𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎

b. Determine the distance that the curve will move nearer the vertex.

External Distance or old simple curve

𝑅 280.18 𝑚
cos 𝜃 = = cos 25° = = 𝑂𝑉 = 309.14 𝑚
𝑂𝑉 𝑂𝑉

Solve for External Distance (E):

𝐸 = 309.14 𝑚 − 290.18 𝑚 = 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎

c. Determine the central angle of the circular curve.

180°𝐿2
𝑆=
2𝑅𝐶 𝐿𝐶 𝜋

180°(80.00 𝑚)2
𝑆= = 𝑆 = 11.79°
2(194.38 𝑚)(80.00 𝑚)𝜋

Solve for Central Angle:

𝐼𝐶 = 𝐼 − 2𝑆

𝐼𝐶 = 50° − 2(11.79°)

𝑰𝑪 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟐°
d. Determine the deflection angle at the end of the spiral.

Solve for Deflection Angle:

𝑆 11.79°
𝑖= = 𝑖= = 𝒊 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟑°
3 3

e. Determine the offset from tangent at the end point of the spiral.

Solve for Offset from Tangent:

𝐿𝐶 2 (80.00 𝑚)2
𝑋𝐶 = = 𝑋𝐶 = = 𝑿𝑪 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟗 𝒎
6𝑅𝐶 6(194.38 𝑚)

f. Determine the distance along the tangent at the midpoint of the spiral.

Solve for Distance (y):

𝐿5
𝑦=𝐿−
40𝑅𝐶 2 𝐿𝐶 2

(40.00 𝑚)5
𝑦 = 40.00 𝑚 −
40(194.38 𝑚)2 (80.00 𝑚)2

𝒚 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟗 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET 93 – SPIRAL CURVE

The two tangents of a simple curve have azimuths of 270˚00’ and 10˚00’
respectively. It has a radius of 320.18 meters. It is required to change this curve to a spiral
curve that will have value of p = 2.50 meters and b = 30.00 meters as shown in the figure.
Determine the distance on which the new curve must be moved from the vertex and its
distance from T.S. to the P.C. of the simple curve, if DE is parallel to h.

Solution:

Solve for Distance (x): where DE = h;

𝐼 𝑃 𝑃
cos ( ) = = 𝐷𝐸 =
2 𝐷𝐸 𝐼
cos (2)
𝑃 2.50 𝑚
ℎ= = ℎ= = ℎ = 3.89 𝑚
𝐼 100
cos (2) cos ( 2 )
𝐼 𝑦 𝐼
tan ( ) = = 𝑦 = 𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 𝑦 = 2.50 𝑚 tan(50) = 𝑦 = 2.98 𝑚
2 𝑝 2

𝑥 =𝑏+𝑥
𝑥 = 30.00 𝑚 + 2.98 𝑚
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟗𝟖 𝒎