INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON

THE HUMAN PERSON IN THE SOCIETY

SOCIETY

SOCIETY

→ An organized group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or

large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically
subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectation.
→ Also refers to a companionship or friendly association with other, an alliance, a
community or a union.

ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY

 PEOPLE
→ Men, women, and children of a particular nation, community or ethnic
group.

 ONE PLACE/TERRITORY
→ Is a geographic area belonging to or under the jurisdiction of a
governmental authority.

 SOCIAL INTERACTION/INTERACTION
→ An exchange between two or more individuals and is a building block of
society.

 GOVERNMENT
→ The political system by which a country or community is administered
and regulated.

 CULTURE
→ The characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people,
encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

 INTER-DEPENDENT
 → The basis of society implied interdependence. It is not possible for a
human being to satisfy his needs in isolation, he needs society because
nature compels him to live in it.

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

→ An agreement among individuals within social group to abide by certain rules

and laws.
→ The basic concept is that the consent of people within a society to be subject to
rules and laws gives those rules and laws legitimacy.

THEORIST

 THOMAS HOBBES
 JOHN LOCKE
 JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY ACCORDING TO THOMAS HOBBES

→ Persons in their natural state are governed by their desires and these often lead
to conflict with their fellowmen.
→ Therefore, is the means by which people seek to control their natural tendencies
and impose order.

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY BY JOHN LOCKE

→ He considered the person in their natural states as more cooperative and

reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that
organized it.
→ Consent of the Governed the concept of John Locke.
→ It is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of
upholding the welfare of society.
→ The authority established to run society should reflect the ideals of the people
who organized it.
→ People are born with Natural Right, but he give up some freedom to protect
these rights.
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY ACCORDING TO JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

→ The General Will.

→ He believes that even if people are the ones who organized society and established
an authority or government, in extreme cases, the people have empowered the
government to act on their behalf, and it is considered to be the best judge of
what is most beneficial for society.
→ The only good government is one formed out of free will by the people to protect
the people.
→ Direct democracy.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETY

FORMS OF SOCIETY

 HUNTING AND GATHERING

 PASTORAL SOCIETY
 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
 POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

HUNTING AND GATHERING

→ This society relies heavily on hunting world animals and gathering food for its
survival.

CHARACTERISTICS
 Small in size.
 Nomadic in nature.
 No desire to acquire wealth.
 Limited division of labor.
 Dangerous

PASTORAL SOCIETY

→ Any form of society whose main subsistence comes from tending flocks and herds
of domesticated animals.
CHARACTERISTICS
  Larger in size.
 Nomadic in nature.
 Woman at home/men with the herd.
 Complex division of labor.
 Trading is possible.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

→ Any form of society whose main subsistence comes by growing food, but with the
use of plows and animals.

CHARACTERISTICS
 Use plows and animals.
 Cities built
 Monetary system
 Social classes
 Political, economic, religious institutions appear.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

→ It is a movement in which machines changed people’s way of life as well as their

method of manufacture.

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

→ Any form of society that depends on science and technology to produce its basic
goods and services.

CHARACTERISTICS
 A loss of simplicity and a gain of scientific knowledge.
 Animals and human labor is replaced by machines.
 Urbanization
 Families function differently.

POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

→ A form of society that marked by a transition from a manufacturing-based

economy to a service-based economy.
→ They are responsible for the creation of many new technologies and many types
of services.
 → Society is influenced by technology.

CHARACTERISTICS
 Rise of the service sector.
 Decline of agricultural-based economy.
 Predominance of “information-based” work.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

→ Is a science and engineering of making intelligent machines.

VIRTUAL SOCIETY

→ People organize themselves through communication technology and the

internet.

SOCIAL SYSTEM

SOCIAL SYSTEM

→ It is an organization of individuals form into groups or structures that have

different functions, characteristics, origin or status.
→ It is a groups and institution that work together to make a complete whole.

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 Family
 Religion
 Political affiliation/Party
 School
 Barangays
 Cities/Municipalities
 Different organizations

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 RELIGION
 → It is a particular system of faith worship and practices that defines the
relations between human and sacred or divinity.

 SCHOOL
→ It is an institution for educating young minds.

 POLITICAL AFFILIATION
→ It is a membership in, participation or support of a particular political
party, group or candidate.

 CITY/TOWN/MUNICIPALITIES
→ It is an area in which a large number of people live fairly close together.

 BARANGAYS
→ It is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the
native Filipino term for village.

 ORGANIZATIONS
→ It is an organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially in a
business, society and school.

WAYS ON HOW SOCIETY INFLUENCES OUR DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON

 NORMS
→ Set of traits that society considered acceptable.

 LAWS
→ More formal norms that establish and define acceptable of citizens.

 FOLKWAYS
→ Less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result punishment
when violated.