Plain & Reinforced

Concrete-1
Sixth Term CE-314
Civil Engineering

Flexural Analysis and

Design of Beams
(Ultimate Strength Design of
Beams)

1
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of T & L Beam
Known: hf, L, fc’, fy, Loads or Mu
Required: beam size, As, detailing, bar bending schedule
Step # 1: Select trial dimension of the beam, bw & h, nearly same as for
the rectangular section.
Step # 2: Calculate the effective width “b”.
Step # 3: Assume the N.A. to be at the junction of flange and web, means
b
Mu Asf y
a1 = h f As = a=
0.9f y (d − a 2) 0.85f c ' b h hf

If a1 ≤ hf Our assumption is correct and beam will be designed as

rectangular beam. (b x h) 2
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of T & L Beam (contd…)
If a1 > hf and beam will be designed as T-beam.

Step # 4
fc '
Asf = 0.85h f ( b − bw )
fy
Step # 5: Calculate
 hf 
b M nf = 0.9 Asf f y  d − 
 2
Step # 6 Calculate

w = Mu − M
M uw Muf uf
3
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of T & L Beam (contd…)
Step # 7
M
Muw
A sw = w

0.9f y (d − a 2)
2 to 3 trials
A sw f y
a=
0.85f c ' b w
Step # 8

As = Asf + Asw

4
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of T & L Beam (contd…)
Step # 9: Calculate
As
ρw =
bwd
Step # 10: Check for

(ρ w )min & (ρ w )max

Step # 11: Perform detailing, make sketches and prepare bar
bending schedule if required.

5
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example:
Design a T-Beam to be used as interior simply supported
beam of span 6m. The slab panels on both sides of the beam
are 6m x 8m. Factored design slab load is 15 kN/m2 . Use,
fc’ = 17.25 MPa and fy = 420 MPa.

bw = 300 mm
Use Us Customary Reinforcing bars
(a) Design for given loading and use h = 575 mm, hf =
125 mm
(b) Design for Mu= 1150 kN-m and use h = 625 mm, hf
= 100 mm, d = 500mm 6
7
Part (a)
bf is least of three
1. L/4 + bw= 6000/4 + 300= 1800 mm
2. 16hf + bw = 16x125+ 300 = 2300 mm
3. c/c + bw = 3500+300 = 3800 mm

Hence, bf = 1800 mm,

Wu = qu x 2/3 x lx = 15x 2/3 x 6 = 60kN/m,
Mu = Wu ln2/8 = 270 kN-m

T beam
6m

8m 8m
 Assume the N.A. to be at the junction of flange and web, means
b
Mu Asf y
a1 = h f As = a=
0.9f y (d − a 2) 0.85f c ' b h hf

Mu
As = = 270 x 106 / (0.9 x 420 x (500 – 125/2)) = 1632.65 mm2
0.9f y (d − a 2)
Asf y
a= = 1632.65 x 420 / (0.85 x 17.25 x 1800 )= 25.98mm < hf
0.85f c ' b
As a < hf Our assumption is correct and beam f c ' 1.4
will be designed as rectangular beam. (b x h) ρ min = 
4f y fy
= 0.00163

= 1462.62 mm2 ρ
w= As/bwd = 0.0097
9
(ρw)max> ρw > ρmin
 40 mm clear and edge cover,
10 mm ties diameter

As = 1530 mm2
512.5 mm
ρw = As/bwd

= 0.01

62.5 mm

3 # 25 10
 Part (b) Mu = 1150kN-m
Assume the N.A. to be at the junction of flange and web, means
b
Mu Asf y
a1 = h f As = a=
0.9f y (d − a 2) 0.85f c ' b h hf

Mu
As = = 1150 x 106 / (0.9 x 420 x (500 – 100/2)) = 6760.73 mm2
0.9f y (d − a 2)
Asf y
a= = 6760.73 x 420 / (0.85 x 17.25 x 1800 )= 107.59mm > hf
0.85f c ' b

Hence, beam will be designed as T beam

fc '
Asf = 0.85h f ( b − bw ) = 0.85x100x17.25/420x(1800-300)
fy
= 5236.6 mm2 11
  hf 
b M nf = 0.9 Asf f y  d −  = 0.9x5236.6x420(500-100/2)
 2 
= 890.75 kN-m
MMuww = M u −M
Muff = 1150 – 890.75 = 259.25 kN-m

Assume a=hf
M
Muww
A sw = = 259.25x 106/0.9x420x(500-100/2)
0.9f y (d − a 2) = 1524.1 mm2 trial 1,
1605.3 mm2 trial 2, 1620 mm2 trial 3
A sw f y
a= = 1524.1x420/0.85x17.25x300
0.85f c ' b w = 145.5mm trial 1, 153.3mm
trial 2, 154.7 mm trial 3

As = Asf + Asw = 5236.6+1620 = 6856.6 mm2 12

 As
ρw = = 0.046
bwd

(ρw)max = ρmax + ρf
= 0.0111+ 5236.6/300x500
= 0.0111+ 0.0349
= 0.046
f c ' 1.4
ρmin = 0.0033 ρ min = 
4f y fy

(ρw)max> ρw > ρmin

13
 40 mm clear and edge cover,
10 mm ties diameter,
25mm clear gap between layers,
29mm clear spacing between bars

As = 6930 mm2
511.3mm
ρw = As/bwd

= 0.045
2 # 25

113.7mm
6 # 29
4 # 25 14