SCITES FINALS GENE THERAPY

Chapter 10: Genetic Engineering and the Society
GENETIC ENGINEERING
• alters, deletes, and modifies the DNA of living
organisms with the use of biotechnology.
• may reduce problems of poverty and
malnutrition in the world.
• Genes from two different organisms that can't
breed naturally are modified and artificially
introduced to another organism creating a
transgenic or GMO.
• therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a
patient’s cells as a drug to treat genetic disease.
• The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene
to correct the effects of disease-causing
mutation.
• A promising treatment option of some genetic
diseases including muscular dystrophy, cystic
fibrosis etc.
GENE MUTATION are the ones that cause a disease.
Some inherited genetic disorders are:

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO)
• one whose genetic material has been altered
using genetic engineering.
• are commonly used in foods and medicines
This has led to concern about the dangers they might
cause to the environment and to human health.
• Cystic Fibrosis Sickle cell Anemia, Hemophilia,
Color Blindness, Muscular dystrophy, etc.
Note: All these disorders are caused by the mutation
of a single gene. Some medical problems may be
genetic but not hereditary.
TYPES OF GENE THERAPY

PURPOSE OF GMO A. Somatic Gene Therapy

- transfer of DNA to body cells namely the blood
• Increase crop yields cells, muscle, fat, neurons, and bone cells
• Increase shelf life reproduced by mitosis.
• Make disease and parasite resistant crops B. Germline Therapy
• Produce more nutritious crops [?] - transfer of DNA to gametes or cells in sexual
IMPACTS OF GMO TO THE SOCIETY reproduction; an egg cell and a sperm cell unite
to form a zygote.
Advantages Disadvantages
Agriculture added disrupt the CHALLENGES OF GENE THERAPHY
nutrients, fewer natural process, • Delivering the gene to the right place and
pesticides, and toxicity,
switching it on
cheaper prices difference
between the • Avoiding the immune response
organic vs gmo- • Making sure the new gene doesn’t disrupt the
produced function of other gene
products • The cost of gene therapy
Health Vaccines for differences in
WHY IS A VIRUS ALSO USED IN THIS TECHNOLOGY?
diseases nutritional
content, allergic - Viruses are currently the most commonly used
response, or vectors in gene therapies because they have a
undesired side natural ability to deliver genetic material into
effects such as
cells. Before a virus can be used to carry
toxicity, organ
therapeutic genes into human cells, it is modified
damage,
Environment Pesticide-free Increased to remove its ability to cause infectious disease.
antibiotic
resistance
*see pictures in the ppt
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPACTS OF COMPUTER
GMO’s
• Tim Berners-Lee - World Wide Web (www)
• GMO's help many underdeveloped nations • Steve Jobs - first effective personal computer
acquire sustainable food security. which was designed and made by Steve Wozniak
• Population growth increases demands and and was later on called as Apple 1
possibly the root cause of problems emerging in • Bill Gates - founded Microsoft
the society congruently affect the economy of a
country.
• Matin Qaim, an expert in international food
economics and rural development, conducted
many researches in Africa, Asia and America
❖ He concluded that Genetically Modified Crops
provided many benefits to the poor.
❖ Debates on controversies and politics are playing
around GMO's.

3 REASONS PEOPLE OPPOSE GMO FOOD

1. Rational Opposition
- GMO express foreign genes which can be toxic or
cause allergies
- can contaminate organic crops
- can promote monocultures

2. Anti-Capitalist Opposition Techie Timeline

- GMO’s are produced by big corporations trying
to take over the food supply and to dominate the
world.
3. Quasi-Religious Opposition
- “Mother Nature knows better and we must not
try to improve her.”(Pollandri).
Chapter 11: The Information Age
THE COMING OF THE INFORMATION AGE
MOBILE PHONES AND TABLETS
• known as the Digital Age or New Media Age
• era that started in the 1970s and still ongoing.
• started from a series of shifts in focus of
humanity's activities and main concerns
• The Renaissance made way to the coming
humanism.
• Industrial Revolution saw major changes that
were introduced in the fields of agriculture,
manufacturing, transportation, and technology.
❖ 500 BC- Abacus Calculator
❖ 1821- First computer is invented
❖ 1939- First electric computer for routine use
❖ 1971- first email sent
❖ 1973-First computer with graphical user
interface, keyboard, and mouse
❖ 1975- First affordable home computer
❖ 1983- Global internet created
❖ 1994- Web surfing begins
• Mobile technology is the future
• provide “access to all media types and location
based information” which position them to be
the “dominant communication tool for the
foreseeable future.”

THE SOCIAL MEDIA
- collective term used in addressing channels of
online communications that are offered to have
interaction, content-sharing and collaboration
with online community.
- Examples: Facebook, Spotify, IG, LinkedIn
THE INTERNET
- interconnection of various computer networks
around the globe.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TODAY’S WORLD
1. The Role of IT in an Organization
- In communication, organizations today require
their employees to have basic knowledge about
the use of the internet.
2. The Role of IT in Banking Industry
- Due to the active role of internet on the people's
life today, banks make their services available
online.
3. The Role of IT in the Academe
- Students and teachers today enjoy the easy
access on books and papers online.
❖ IT has become ubiquitous during this
Information Age. In the field of transportation,
medicine, agriculture, entertainment and arts,
engineering, telecommunication, etc.
SOME ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION TECH.
• Hacking, Privacy, Copyright Infringement,
Addiction to Online Games
Chapter 12: Nanotechnology
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• was developed when Scanning Tunnelling
Microscope (STM) was invented in 1981 by Gerd
Binning and Heinrich Rohrer
• An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was also
invented in 1982 by scientists of IBM Zurich
research Laboratory.
• The Nano breakthroughs are worth described as
“The Manufacturing Technology of the 21st
century”.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Atomic Force Microscope indespensable in health and medicine,
electronics, engineering, and biology.

NANO DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND PRODUCTS

Health Medicine

1. Nano Sensor Probe

2. Nanosensor that detects Heart Attacks
3. Neurobridge
4. Cancer Detector
5. Bandage

Electronic and Engineering

HISTORICAL BREAKTHROUGH OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 1. Nano electronics
• Early pieces of evidence of the application and 2. Unmanned drone
utilization of nano materials happened many 3. Space Exploration
years centuries ago. 4. Nano steel Company
❖ In India, 600B.C., there was steel manufactured Environment
from nanotubes and nanowires.
❖ One of the collections in a British museum, a 1. Osorb
Licurg's bowl showed unusual physical 2. Nanobubble Water
properties of changing colors as exposed to 3. Thermopower
sunlight. 4. Nanofiltration
5. Solar Source of energy
RICHARD FEYNMAN (1918-1988)
IMPACTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
❖ the Father of Nanotechnology, started the
speculation of working atoms on its a. Country
supermolecular scale. - the emergence of this technology generate
outcomes to the economic system of a country.
• an American physicist, famous for his path b. Society
integral formulation of quantum mechanics gave - the innovations of nanotechnology offer great
the earliest discussion about nanotechnology potential benefits to the people in medical
entitled “ There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom”. applications to health(curing diseases, etc.),
• he emphasized the “of manipulating and manufacturing goods, infrastructure,
controlling things on a small scale”, and how they communication gadgets for convenience.
could “tell us much of great interest about the sustainable energy, and many social impacts.
strange phenomena that occur in complex c. Environment
situations”. - green nanotechnology helps provide the
environmental sustainability.
- Nanotechnology offers benefits and also creates
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY possible risks.
- Toxicology of nanomaterials should also be
• Man continues to quest for knowlegde, achieve
considered in order to ensure the safety of all
satisfaction, or even anticipate whether the near
living organisms on Earth.
future will be a “boon or bane”.
• The application and utilization of
nanotechnology in the fabrication of materials
and devices cannot escape to this question “Will
this make humanity lazy and solely dependent on
technological advancements?” but it is
Chapter 13: Climate Change C. Republic Act of 9275 - Clean Water Act of 2004
D. Republic Act 9003 - Ecological Solid Wastes
CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS
Management Act of 2000
• Climate is a general pattern of atmosphere
condition in a given area over periods ranging
from at least 30 years to thousands of years
based primarily on the area's coverage annual
temperature and annual amount of precipitation
(MYERS 2018).
• Climate change is a global concern that needs
the cooperation of mankind.
• The world joined hands in an international
agreement to control climate change.
❖ The agreement is the Kyoto Protocol, a treaty of
many countries with the objective of reducing
the emission of hazardous gases: carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, flourine and other
dangerous pollutants.

WAYS THAT CAUSE CLIMATE CHANGE

• Volcanic eruptions, Tectonic plates, Ocean

Current, Earth’s Orbital Changes, Wildfires,
Anthropogenic Sources, Burning of Fossil Fuels

RISK OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The change in global climate patterns that the world is

facing today is influenced by the increasing population of
humanity and its behavior in the consumption of natural
resources.

• Environmental degradation
• Harm to plants and animals
• Hazard to human health
• Deterioration of air and water qualities through
pollution
• Deterioration in profitable production of
agricultural products

❖ The Environment Management Bureau, the main

environmental agency of the Philippines, with its
mandate to implement, enforce the laws of
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the
four pollution laws are implemented to minimize
impacts to climate change;
A. Republic Act 6969 - Toxic substances and
hazardous and nuclear wastes control Act of
1990
B. Republic Act 8749 - Clean Air Act of 1999