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Using Magnets as a Soil Enhancer in the Germination and Growth Rate of

Mung Bean plant (Vigna radiata)

A Research Project

Presented to the Faculty of

St. Catherine College of Valenzuela

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion (III)

Shah Umar Caranto

Genevieve G. Fernandez

Mark Christian B. Mendoza

Juliana P. Pascual

June 2023
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ABSTRACT

Agriculture is a crucial sector in any country, providing the primary means of

producing food. While there have been advancements in agricultural practices, the

process of crop germination and growth rate remains largely unchanged. Fertilizers

are commonly used to enhance plant growth, but their effectiveness is limited as only

half of the applied amount is typically utilized by the soil. Mung beans, a versatile

and easy-to-grow plant, have gained popularity as a nutritious alternative, rich in

protein and phosphorous.This research aims to explore a natural and efficient method

of accelerating mung bean growth to meet the increasing demand for this crop.

A randomized controlled experimental design will be employed, consisting of a

control group (200 grams of soil with no magnets) and two treatment groups (200

grams of soil with 25 grams of magnet and 200 grams of soil with 50 grams of

magnet) with varying amounts of magnets added to the soil. The germination rate,

stem length, and number of leaves will be measured to evaluate the impact of

magnets on mung bean growth. The study anticipates providing insights not only for

mung bean cultivation but also for the development of strategies to expedite the

growth of other plants in the future.

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This research has significant implications for post-pandemic food security and

sustainable livelihoods for farmers, highlighting the potential benefits of improving

seed germination and crop growth rates.

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Table of Contents

Contents Page

CHAPTER 1- THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction …………………………………………………………….……………..4

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………..7

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………..………........8

Paradigm of the Study….……………………………………………………...……....8

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….……..…....9

Hypotheses of the Study…………………………………………….……......……...10

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………...………..10

Scope and Delimitation of the Study………………………………...………............11

Definition of Terms……………………………………………………...……..........12

CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Germination and Growth Rate of Mung Beans………………………………...........13

Magnetism in Plants…………………………….…………………………...……….14

Synthesis……………………………………………………………..………………17

CHAPTER 3- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design……………………………………….………………...…….…….18

Description of the Organism………………………………..……………...………...19

Purpose………………………….…………………………………………..…...…...20

Materials……………………………………………………………………….…….20
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Methods……………………………………………………………………….…….22

Documentation…………………………………………….……….……………..….23

Ethical Considerations…………………………………………….…………………30

Data Analysis…………………………..………………………….…………............31

CHAPTER4- PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Germination Rate of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plant in Different Conditions…...32

Growth Rate of Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) Plant in Different Conditions….33

ANOVA Test of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plant…….…………………..………34

CHAPTER 5- FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary…………………..…………………………………………………………36

Conclusion………………………………...…………………………………………37

Recommendation………………………….…………….………………………...…38

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...38
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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Agriculture is one of the pillars of any country. Because it is the primary way in

which humans make food from raw materials up to the plate. However, nothing has

changed for the past decades or centuries, there might be new inventions but nothing

has been discovered for speeding-up the process of crop germination some use

chemical or natural fertilizers for the plants to grow faster (Schiffman, 2017).

Utilization of fertilizers are important, However, too much fertilizer when applied

can burn or desiccate roots, ultimately killing the plant. Farmers do not really get to

use the full potential of fertilizers because on average only half of the amount would

actually be broken down and consumed by the soil (Keena et al., 2022).

Mung beans is a very versatile and easy to grow kind of a plant, because it is very

common especially in Asia. Some people are leaning to a vegetable-based diet and

mung beans is a leading key factor to it, from a mung bean burger to a mung bean

egg, it only shows the limitless possibility of mung beans as a healthy alternative

because it is rich in protein and phosphorous. After planting mung beans for a few

days, you will already see it sprouting but, if you want to have a mature mung beans

it usually takes up to 90-120 days under normal circumstances (Grant,2021). They do

not need much sunlight, and they can grow inside of our house or outside in our
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backyard, there are also some other ways like using a cotton or wet tissue but it is

better to be place in a soil for better results.

This would be a good food resource for everyone, not only that they get

appropriate nutrition but also the amount of work that they have to do is very

minimal, which makes it more encouraging for everyone to try. Quantity matters as

well. Although mung beans are rich in vitamins and minerals, a person needs to make

them and other plant-based foods the main part of some of their meals to get the most

benefit from them.

Mung bean is used in several food products, both as a whole seed and in

processed form. It is a raw material in processing products such as sprout production,

sotanghon manufacturing, hopia processing, and as ingredients in dishes like soups,

porridge, snacks, bread, noodles and ice cream. It can be processed as starch, flour

and paste and the crop itself can be used as fodder and cover crop. With all the uses

mentioned, mung bean is marketable crop and demands a good price which gives

farmers sustainable livelihood. Its agronomic characteristics. permit to fit in various

cropping systems as an intercrop, rotation and relay crop( Gregorio, 2021)

Mung beans is just still a growing economic product that, however, it has been

proven that the demand would be higher (DOA, 2021) because, there was an

increasing volume and value of exports reported for mung bean in 2019. The volume
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is equivalent to 385 metric tons (or 16,450.3% growth rate) while the value amounted

to PhP 7.32 million (or 2,621.4% growth rate).

The increase in demand has been on the rise as of late, and it opens up a lot of

opportunity, especially if people consider it to be a source of income, such as

producing mung beans and acting as a source for restaurants and other food

businesses.

Having a plan comes with consequences, so people should be ready to follow

rules to improve their crops and produce the highest quality possible. There are

outside factors that might affect the health of the plant, such as weather, temperature,

and even the soil's health. A strict and detailed process should also be prepared

beforehand, like a detailed and exact amount of water, soil, and seeds to be used.

As the day progresses, signs of incompatibility might be due to a lack of resources

or some outside factors that have affected the soil or the seed itself, such as water

irrigation and sunlight deprivation. There are many factors to consider that might

have a negative effect on the product.

The reason for conducting this research is to help provide a better way of seed

germination that can later be applied not just for mung beans but also for other plants

in the future. This project contains the hopes and dreams of the researchers, who

believe that there is an alternative and all-natural way of speeding up the growth rate

with a better result. This will be able to help a lot of people who are having a hard

time finding a stable food source during the post-pandemic.

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Theoretical Framework

One theoretical framework that can be used to understand the potential effects of

magnets on plant growth is the concept of magneto reception. This is the ability of

plants to sense and respond to magnetic fields. Magneto reception is thought to

involve the interaction of magnetic fields with magnetically sensitive molecules

within plant cells, such as crypto chromes and magnetite particles (Bandyopadhyay et

al., 2019).

Magnetoreception is the ability to notice magnetic fields to perceive a certain

position, the direction of the magnetic field. Also, as knowing the latitude in which

they are. Plants react in a multitude of ways to geomagnetic fields-strong continuous

fields as well as alternating magnetic fields. In the past, physiological investigations

were pursued in a somewhat unsystematic manner and no biological advantage of any

magnetoresponse is immediately obvious.

Conceptual Framework

Magnets have been used in various agricultural applications such as water

treatment, seed treatment, and soil treatment. It has been suggested that magnetic

fields can enhance plant growth and seed germination. This conceptual framework

aims to investigate the use of magnets as a soil enhancer in the germination and

growth rate of mung bean plants.

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Based on these concepts, the following variables will be investigated:

Independent variable: Magnets as soil enhancer

Dependent variables: Germination rate and growth rate of mung bean plants

Germination

(Dependent
Variable)
Magnets as soil
enhancer
Growth Rate
(Independent Variable)
(Dependent
Variable)

Figure 1: Paradigm of the study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to investigate the effects of Magnets as a Soil Enhancer in the

Germination and Growth Rate of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) plant.

To obtain all essential data, the research seeks to answer these following questions:

1.) How long does it take for the mung bean seeds to germinate with these given

measurements of the magnets:

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a. 200 grams of soil without magnet ;

b. 200 grams of soil with 25 grams of the magnet ; and

c. 200 grams of soil with 50 grams of the magnet?

2. What is the mean growth rate of the mung bean seeds based on these measurements

of the soil and magnets:

a. grams of soil without magnet ;

b. 200 grams of soil with 25 grams of the magnet; and

c. 200 grams of soil with 50 grams of the magnet?

3. Is there a significant difference in the growth rate of the mung bean seeds planted

in the abovementioned treatments?

Hypotheses of the Study

The following are the hypotheses of this study:

 There is no significant difference in the germination rate of the mung bean

seeds planted in the above-mentioned treatments.

 There is no significant difference in the growth rate of the mung bean seeds

planted in the above-mentioned treatments.

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Significance of the Study

The researchers tend to find an alternative way of enhancing healthy plants and

their biological effects, specifically mung beans. This will greatly help gardeners,

farmers and future researchers.

Gardeners. Many of them want their plants to grow faster, but they have no idea how

to easily grow their plants, and sometimes their plants die quickly. So, through this

study, they can either gain more knowledge on how they can easily grow the mung

bean plant using the magnets, or they can learn more about the techniques on how to

take care of the mung bean plant. Gardeners should be interested in knowing about

this study because they can use it on their plants so that they can have a successful

growth of plants.

Farmers. They are always looking for a better way to speed-up the growth of their

plants because the faster it is, the more their produces will be, they only rely on sun

and rain for their crops to grow and it takes a lot of time, and in the case of mung

beans, It is very sensitive, since it is very small, the chances of it surviving under

extreme cases are slim. Using this technique, the germination speed of their mung

bean crops will be faster than being under normal circumstances with a better result,

which is what farmers are trying to achieve.

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Future Researchers. They are free to use this research as a basis and to identify if

there are flaws or what can be done to simplify and improve the research. It would

also allow them to continue the parts we weren’t able to focus on, it might establish

gaps that would allow them to come up with a logical solution

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to investigate the effects of magnets as soil enhancer on the

growth rate and germination rate of the mung beans (Vigna radiata). This study will

focus on the following aspects: The effect of magnets as soil enhancer on the growth

rate and germination rate of the mung beans. The comparison between the treated

group and controlled group. This study is limited by the following factors: The study

will only use mung beans (Vigna radiata) plant and no other kind of plant. One type

of magnet will be used on the treated group to ensure the accuracy of the effects of

magnet to the plants.

Definition of Terms

Germination. It refers to the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive

body, usually after a period of dormancy.

Growth Rate. The rate at which its value changes from one period to another

(month, quarter, year). It is very generally expressed as a percentage.

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Mung Beans (Vigna radiata). Are mainly cultivated in East, Southeast and

South Asia. It is used as an ingredient in both savory and sweet dishes.

Magnet. An object which is capable of producing magnetic field and attracting

unlike poles and repelling like poles

Soil. Provides the structural support to plants used in agriculture and is also their

source of water and nutrients.

Enhancer. Is something that is used to strengthen or improve the quality of

something
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter summarizes the relevant literature and studies that the

researchers analyzed while determining the significance of the current research. For a

better understanding of the study, this will also involve a review of the literature and

key concepts.

Germination and Growth Rate of Mung Beans

A study by Pandey et al. (2014) investigated the effects of magnetic treatment

on the growth of mung bean plants. The study found that exposure to a magnetic field

resulted in significant improvements in plant growth, including increases in shoot

length, root length, and fresh weight. The authors suggest that these effects may be

due to changes in nutrient availability and uptake as a result of the magnetic

treatment.

a study by Grewal et al. (2017) found that exposing mung bean seeds to a

static magnetic field resulted in significantly higher germination rates compared to

untreated seeds. The authors suggested that this effect may be due to changes in the

physicochemical properties of the seed coat, which could improve water uptake and

nutrient absorption.
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According to Mahajan, Pandey (2014) Germination of seeds depends on many

factors like temperature, water potential, light, soil, electric field, magnetic field, and

electromagnetic radiation.

People employ fertilization tools like fertilizers to add to crops in order to

develop healthy crops that will yield enough food to feed the world's population.

However, using too much fertilizer causes our waterways to become eutrophicated

and the emission of dangerous greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. (Sedlacek, et al.

2020)

Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is one of the upsurging, highly economical,

nutritive leguminous crops common in Asia. The crop is getting greater attention in

terms of consumption and production worldwide being an essential source of amino

acids, proteins, dietary fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids. (Pathak, et al. 2023)

Soil health is the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living

ecosystem that sustains plants, animals and humans, and connects agricultural and

soil science to policy, stakeholder needs and sustainable supply-chain management.

Historically, soil assessments focused on crop production, but, today, soil health also

includes the role of soil in water quality, climate change and human health.( Lehman,

et al. 2022)
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Magnetism in Plants

Magnetic fields can be used to improve crop yield by exposing seeds to low-

to-medium levels of magnetic fields in pulsed or continuous modes. Different types

of magnetic fields have been used in magnetopriming studies and have shown

potential in altering plant production systems by increasing germination rates, root

and shoot growth, productivity, and nutrient uptake. Magnetic fields can also prevent

injuries caused by diseases and pests and reduce oxidative damage caused by stress.

However, the adverse effects of magnetic fields on plants should also be considered

to ensure safe usage and acceptance of this new opportunity (Aladjadjiyan, 2012).

Sarraf (2020) stated that the agronomic application of MFs in plants has

shown potential in altering conventional plant production systems; increasing mean

germination rates, and root and shoot growth; having high productivity; increasing

photosynthetic pigment content; and intensifying cell division, as well as water and

nutrient uptake.

Three different magnetic flux densities were used, along with a control group.

The plants treated with magnetically treated water showed faster growth and larger

stem diameters compared to the control group. After 47 days, the heights of the

treated plants were recorded, and after 130 days, the total yields were measured. The

yields of the treated plants showed a significant increase compared to the control

group, ranging from 39.9% to 68.7%. The study suggests that magnetic treatment of

irrigation water may enhance tomato plant growth and yield, but further research is
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needed for validation and understanding the underlying mechanisms. (YUSUF, et al.

2015)

According to Yuksel, 2019, magnetic fields are one of the environmental

factors that plants are exposed to. Although it is not included in biotic and abiotic

factors in the textbooks related to plant development, it has been a long-discussed

issue in terms of its effect on plant development.

Our environment contains the geomagnetic field (GMF), which is a natural

phenomenon. Plants, which are known to sense different wavelengths of light,

respond to gravity, and react to touch and electrical communication, cannot escape

the action of a geomagnetic field (GMF). While phototropism, gravitropism, and

thigmotropism have all been well investigated, the impact of geomagnetic fields

(GMF) on plant growth and development is not well-understood. This review

describes the effects of altering magnetic field (MF) conditions on plants by

considering plant responses to the magnetic field (MF) values either lower or higher

than those of the geomagnetic field (GMF). The possible role of the geomagnetic

field (GMF) on plant evolution and the nature of the magnetoreceptor is also

discussed. (Maffei, 2014)

The magnetic field is used to treat the seeds which has been developed as a

valuable physical method to increase the post-germination of plant responses. The

researchers evaluated the impact of a magnetic field on the early growth of soybean

plants. Measurements of growth indicators such as shoot length, root length, and fresh
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weight were made while the plants were exposed to a uniform magnetic field of

various strengths. It's important to note that while these studies provide some insights,

the field of magnetic field effects on plant growth is still evolving. The experimental

setup, the type of plant, and the characteristics of the magnetic field can all affect the

research findings. (Ahmad, et al. 2023)

Synthesis

Recent studies show that the application of magnetic field on mung bean

plants really improves the germination and growth rate of mung beans. An exposure

to a magnetic field resulted in significant improvements in plant growth, including

increases in shoot length, root length, and fresh weight.

Cited studies are very much alike in terms of how will the mung bean’s

growth rate and germination rate will increase in the presence of magnetic field.

Recent studies also shows analogy on the researcher’s topic in altering conventional

plant production systems; increasing mean germination rates, and root and shoot

growth; stem length; and number of leaves. Cited studies differ on the materials and

methods executed. This study only uses literal crushed magnets to act as a soil

enhancer.
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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the quantitative methodology used in this study. Through

this study, the researchers will gather the data by performing an experimental

procedure anchored to the instrumentation. Research design, description of the

organism, experimental protocols, methods and data analysis are given.

Research Design

This study will employ a randomized controlled experimental design, a study of

(J Thorac Dis, 2009) proves that randomization is an effective method to balance

confounding factors between treatment groups and it can eliminate the influence of

confounding variables. With three groups: a control group and two treatment groups.

The control group will consist of mung bean plants grown in soil without any

magnets (200 grams of soil with no magnet), while the treatment groups will consist

of mung bean plants grown in soil with two different amount of magnet (200 grams

of soil with 25 grams of magnet, and 200 grams of soil with 50 grams of magnet)
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Description of the Organism

The organism in the title "Using Magnets as a Soil Enhancer in the Germination and

Growth Rate of Mung Bean plant (Vigna radiata)" is the mung bean plant (Vigna

radiata).

Mung bean is a small, green, or yellow legume that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It

is a fast-growing plant that is commonly used for food and as a cover crop. Mung

beans are high in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and are a staple food in many

parts of the world.

The study is investigating the effects of magnets on the germination and growth rate

of the mung bean plant. Magnets have been proposed as a soil enhancer, with the

hypothesis being that they can increase the absorption of nutrients by plants and
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enhance their growth. By using magnets in the soil, the study aims to determine

whether the mung bean plant can grow faster and more efficiently, ultimately

improving its yield and nutritional content.

Experimental Protocols

Purpose

This study set out to discover a different strategy for boosting healthy plants and

their biological impacts, particularly mung beans. Future researchers, farmers, and

gardeners will all benefit enormously from this.

Materials

Magnets: This research focused on the use of magnet as soil enhancer for mung bean

plant. The researchers will examine how magnets affect the germination and growth

rate of seeds.

Pots: For storing soil, the researchers will utilize pots. The experiment will be well-

organized and its results will be evident in this way.

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Soils: The researchers are going to find excellent soil that is appropriate for Mung

Bean plants.

Mung Bean Seeds: The researchers would utilize mung bean seeds for the experiment

since the purpose of this study were to observe the impact of a magnetic field on the

seed germination and growth rate of mung beans.

Portable Scale: To guarantee the accuracy of the experiment, the amount of soil is

measured using portable scale.

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Measuring Cup: The researchers used measuring cup in order to have an accurate

water uptake for the mung bean plants.

Methods

Due to the availability of some supplies and the presence of a person who could keep

an eye on the plants, this investigation was to be carried out at the home. The plants

won't be monitored properly if the plants were conducted at school.

The researchers prepared 2 treatment groups and 1 control group. Each group has 3

species. The Mung Bean plant must have the following:

a. 200 grams of soil with no magnet

b. 200 grams of soil with 25 grams of magnet

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c. 200 grams of soil with 50 grams of magnet

The mung bean germination rate and growth rate (stem length and number of leaves)

will all be measured in this study. The researchers used portable scale to measure the

accuracy of the soil and magnet contents. Magnets are then crushed into tiny pieces

and mixed directly to the soil. The researchers put 1 mung bean seed per pot and then

pushed it to the soil by around 5 cm in depth. All the pots are put alongside each other

to have a similar environment to grow with. Water poured on the mung beans are

measured by measuring cup in order to have a consistent 60ml water uptake for the

plants. But there are several phenomenon that can affect the water uptake of the mung

bean such as; rain and thunderstorm. On measuring the growth rate (stem length and

number of leaves) the researchers used standard transparent ruler to measure the stem

length of the mung beans by centimeters. The number of leaves will be measured by

counting the total number of leaves once a day. On the other hand, the germination

rate of the plants will be measured by days and will be monitored once a day.

Documentation:

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 1)

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 1)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 1)

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 2)

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 2)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 2)

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 3)

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 3)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 3)

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 4)

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 4)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 4)

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 5 )

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 5)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 5)

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A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 6)

B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 6)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 6)

A. 200 grams soil with no magnet (Day 7)

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B. 200 grams soil with 25 grams magnet (Day 7)

C. 200 grams soil with 50 grams magnet (Day 7)

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
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1. Accuracy

The research's information, including scholarly publications, language, facts, and

supporting evidence, must be presented accurately.

2. Honesty

Give an honest description of the information, findings, techniques, procedures, and

status of publications. Don't make up, intentionally depict, or create false data.

3. Objectivity

Avoid bias in all aspects of research, including grant writing, peer assessment,

management choices, data processing, data interpretation, and testimony from

experts.

4. Carefulness:

Avoid making thoughtless mistakes and being reckless; carefully and objectively

evaluate both your own and other researchers' work. Record your experimental

research activities meticulously.

5. Openness:

Share knowledge, discoveries, ideas, and resources. Work together with your fellow

researchers to solve the research problem and acquire knowledge. Be attentive to

criticism and new ideas.

6. Respect for Intellectual Property:

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Respect intellectual property, including copyrights and patents. Without consent,

never use unpublished data, approaches, or findings. Where credit is due, give it.

Never use plagiarism.

Data Analysis

The process of the data analysis follows one method. One Way Analysis of

Variance (ANOVA) to compare the mean germination and growth rate of the three

groups. This method will be useful since there's only one independent variable.
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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, analysis and interpretation of data gathered

from the experiment. The said data were presented in a tabular form in accordance

with the specific questions anchored on the statement of the problem.

Germination Rate of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plant

The table below shows the germination rate of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plant

treated in different kinds of magnetic conditions.

Table 1

Germination Rate of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plant in Different Conditions

Condition Plant Germination Rate ( in

days)
1
A. 200 grams of soil with no 2 1
magnet 3
1
B. 200 grams of soil with 25 2 1
grams of magnet 3

1
C. 200 grams of with 50 2 1
grams of magnet 3

As seen from table 1, it shows that the total days of the germination rate in all

conditions are 1 day. Hence, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference

in the germination rate of the mung beans treated in different magnetic conditions.
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This goes to show that mung beans have the same overall germination rate even if

treated in different kinds of magnetic conditions.

Growth Rate of Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) Plant

The table below shows the growth rate of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plant treated in

different kinds of magnetic conditions.

Table 2

Growth Rate of Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) Plant in Different Conditions

As seen from table 2, it shows the total percentage of the growth rate of the mung

bean plant treated in different kind of conditions. The first condition (no treatment)

has an overall growth rate of 20.20% which compromise a lower percentage than the

other two. The second condition (25 grams of magnet) has an overall growth rate of

21.65%. The third condition (50 grams of magnet) has an overall 22.99% which is

greater than the two.

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It shows that mung beans have essentially improved its growth rate after being

exposed to a larger amount of magnets present in the soil. This is parallel to the study

of Yusuf, Ogunlela (2015). Based on their experiment, tomato plants which were

irrigated with magnetically treated water grew faster and had bigger stem diameter

than that of non-magnetized water. They further stated that magnetic treatment of the

irrigation water (magnetically treated water) influenced the vegetative growth of

tomato by increasing the rate of growth.

This table shows the ANOVA test for the mung bean (Vigna Radiata)

Table 3

ANOVA test of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plant

Based on table 3, there are three conditions of mung beans were being analyzed in 7

days based on the degrees of freedom. The P-value between the groups was greater

than the typical significant level of 0.05. The F-value and the critical F-value were
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compared if there is a significant difference. Since there's no F-value, p-value, or

critical F-value within the groups, the researchers cannot make specific conclusions

regarding the variability.

Based on the information provided, the researchers were unable to find any

significant differences between the conditions based on the conducted analysis.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consist of the summary of findings based on the data gathered,
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conclusions reached in the study, and the recommendations of the researchers for the

beneficiary of this study.

Summary of Findings

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the effects of using

magnets as a soil enhancer on the germination rate and growth rate of the mung bean

plant (Vigna radiata). The study is a quantitative research that focused on identifying

phenomena by collecting numerical data through experimental procedure. The

experimental procedure consists of 1 control group (200 grams of soil with no

magnets) and 2 treatment groups (200 grams of soil with 25 grams of magnet and 200

grams of soil with 50 grams of magnet). The are three samples provided per treatment

to ensure the accuracy of the germination rate and growth rate of the mung beans. The

overall germination rate and growth rate are computed and the findings are as

follows:

1. It took only 1 day for all the plants to germinate even if treated in different kind of

magnetic conditions.

2. The mean growth rate of the mung beans treated with 50 grams of magnet and 25

grams of magnet were found to be 22.99% and 21.65% respectively. On the other

hand, plants with no magnetic treatment have an overall growth rate of 20.20%. This
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shows that the higher the amount of magnet the plants are exposed in, the higher the

overall growth rate it shows.

3. The researchers suggest that future researchers may conduct the experimental

procedure in a laboratory where there is a controlled climate and temperature. Since

other factors such as; rain and thunderstorm may affect the overall germination rate

and growth rate of the plants.

Conclusions

Based on the above findings and results, the researchers reached the following

conclusions:

1. The plants treated in different kinds of magnetic conditions didn't affect the

germination rate at all.

2. The plants treated in different kinds of magnetic conditions (treatment group) has

the same germination rate as the control group.

3. The higher the magnetic content the plants are exposed in, the higher the growth

rate it is for the plants

Recommendations

Following a comprehensive evaluation and consideration of the above findings

and research conclusions, the following recommendations are made:

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1. The researchers suggest that gardeners may consider using healthy soil as it is a

crucial element for the development of the the plant.

2. The researchers suggest that farmers may use larger amount of magnets to further

increase the overall growth rate of the the mung beans.

3. The researchers suggest that future researchers may conduct the experimental

procedure in a laboratory where there is a controlled climate and temperature. Since

other factors such as; rain and thunderstorm may affect the overall germination rate

and growth rate of the plants

References

Radhakrishnan, R. (2019). Magnetic field regulates plant functions, growth and

enhances tolerance against environmental stresses. Physiology and Molecular

Biology of Plants, 25(5), 1107–1119.

Maffei, M. E. (2014). Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and

evolution. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00445

Mahajan, T. S., & Pandey, O. P. (2015). Effect of electric and magnetic treatments on

germination of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seed. International

Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17(2), 351–356.

https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20153179061.html
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Grant, A., & Grant, A. (2021, April 5). Mung Beans Information – Learn How To

Grow Mung Beans. Gardening Know How.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/beans/how-to-grow-

mung-beans.htm

Yusuf, K. O., & Ogunlela, A. O. (2015). Impact of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation

Water on the Growth and Yield of Tomato. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 7(3),

345–348. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb739532

Why It’s Time to Stop Punishing Our Soils with Fertilizers. (n.d.). Yale E360.

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fertilizers-and-chemicals

Bandyopadhyay, R., Yang, Y., Matthaeus, W. H., Chasapis, A., Parashar, T. N.,

Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Gershman, D. J.,

Pollock, C. J., Moore, T. A., & Burch, J. L. (2020). In Situ Measurement of

Curvature of Magnetic Field in Turbulent Space Plasmas: A Statistical Study.

The Astrophysical Journal, 893(1), L25.

https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab846e

Yüksel, S. (2019). THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS. ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338992226_THE_EFFECT_OF_M
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AGNETIC_FIELD_ON_THE_DEVELOPMENT_OF_AGRICULTURAL_P

LANTS

Pathak, R., Panchariya, P., Choudhary, M., Solanki, K., Rani, R., Kakani, R. K., &

Kalia, R. K. (2023). Morphophysiological and Molecular Diversity in Mung

Bean (Vigna radiata L.). In Legumes: Physiology and Molecular Biology of

Abiotic Stress Tolerance (pp. 115–147). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-

5817-5_5

Sedlacek, C. J., Giguere, A. T., & Pjevac, P. (2020). Is Too Much Fertilizer a

Problem? Frontiers for Young Minds, 8.

https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2020.00063