Effect of progressive collapse on R.

C &
Steel structure
By

Keyur Purohit

[22002490210019]

GUIDED BY

Prof. AAKASH SUTHAR

Assistant
Professor
L.J.
University
Ahmedabad
.

A Report Submitted
To
Lok Jagruti Kendra University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the
Master of Engineering Degree in Structural
Engineering

L.J. University

L.J Campus, Near Sarkhej-Sanand S.G. Highway,Ahmedabad – 382210

 Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.1 General .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Application of work .......................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2 Literature review ........................................................................................... 3

2.1 Literature papers ............................................................................................... 3

Chapter 3 Aim ,Objective and Scope of Work ............................................................ 13

3.1 Aim: ................................................................................................................ 13

3.2 Objective: ........................................................................................................ 13

3.3 Scope of work ................................................................................................. 14

Chapter 4 Data validation .............................................................................................. 15

Chapter 5 Modelling .................................................................................................... 18

5.1 Define .............................................................................................................. 19

5.2 Draw ................................................................................................................ 23

5.3 Assign ............................................................................................................. 27

5.4 Analysis .......................................................................................................... 28

Chapter 6 Observations ............................................................................................... 29

6.1 Deflection in beam .............................................................................................. 29

6.2 Story drift ............................................................................................................ 31

6.3 Story displacement .............................................................................................. 35

6.4 Lateral loads ....................................................................................................... 42

6.5 Story stiffness ..................................................................................................... 49

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 6.6 Story shear ........................................................................................................... 51

6.7 Mode shape ......................................................................................................... 53

6.8 Design:Column ................................................................................................... 56

6.9 Comparision of column reinforcement ............................................................... 58

Chapter 7 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 60

Chapter 8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 61

Appendix A Plagarism report ......................................................................................... 63

Appendix B Review card ................................................................................................ 81

Appendix B-1 Research paper ........................................................................................ 84

Appendix B-2 Certificate of Research paper .................................................................. 87

Appendix C Review paper ............................................................................................. 88

Appendix C-1 Certificate of Review paper .................................................................... 91

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Image of building having single column .............................................................. 1

Figure 2.1 3D view in staad .................................................................................................. 4

Figure 2.2 Model having cross beams and floating column ................................................. 6

Figure 2.3 Architectural plan ................................................................................................ 8

Figure 2.4 Building with floating column ........................................................................... 11

Figure 3.1 Scope of work .....................................................................................................

14

Figure 4.1 Geometry of building ......................................................................................... 16

Figure 4.2 Geometry of model .............................................................................................

16

Figure 4.3 Assigning of members ....................................................................................... 17

Figure 4.4 Define the load cases .......................................................................................... 17

Figure 5.1 Section property of column ................................................................................ 19

Figure 5.2 Reinforcement data of column .......................................................................... 20

Figure 5.3 Section property of beam ................................................................................... 21

Figure 5.4 Reinforcement data of beam ..............................................................................

21

Figure 5.5 Slab property ...................................................................................................... 22

Figure 5.6 Types of model ................................................................................................... 23

Figure 5.7 3D view of model M1 ........................................................................................ 24

Figure 5.8 Plan view of model M2 ...................................................................................... 24

Figure 5.9 3D view of model M2 ........................................................................................ 25

Figure 5.10 Plan view of model M2 .................................................................................... 25

Figure 5.11 3D view of model M3 ...................................................................................... 26

Figure 5.12 Plan view of model M3 .................................................................................... 26

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Figure 5.13 Assigning L.L. .................................................................................................. 27

Figure 5.14 Assigning F.F. .................................................................................................. 27

Figure 5.15 IS code criteria ..................................................................................................

29

Figure 6.1 Deflection of beam ............................................................................................. 30

Figure 6.2 Story drift in Y direction for all models ............................................................ 31

Figure 6.3 Max. Story drift of model M1 ........................................................................... 32

Figure 6.4 Max. Story drift of model M2 ........................................................................... 33

Figure 6.5 Max. Story drift of model M3 ............................................................................ 34

Figure 6.6 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M1 ............................................. 35

Figure 6.7 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M1 ............................................. 36

Figure 6.8 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M2 .............................................. 37

Figure 6.9 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M2 ............................................. 38

Figure 6.10 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M3 ........................................... 39

Figure 6.11 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M3 ............................................ 40

Figure 6.12 Story displacement for all zones ...................................................................... 41

Figure 6.13 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M1 .......................................................
42

Figure 6.14 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M2 .......................................................
43

Figure 6.15 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M3 .......................................................
44

Figure 6.16 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M1 .......................................................
45

Figure 6.17 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M2 .......................................................
46

Figure 6.18 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M3 .......................................................
47

Figure 6.19 Lateral loads for three models having type 3 soil ............................................ 48

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Figure 6.20 Story stiffness for type 3 soil ............................................................................ 49

Figure 6.21 Story shear for seismic load .............................................................................

51 Figure 6.22 Story shear for DL+LL ................................. Error! Bookmark not

defined.51 Figure 6.23 Mode shape value for model M1 ...................... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 6.24 Mode shape value for model M2 .....................................................................

54

Figure 6.25 Mode shape value for model M3 ......................................................................

55

Figure 6.26 Analysis data of column from Etabs ................................................................ 57

Figure 6.27 Arrengement of column reinforcement ............................................................ 57

Figure 6.28 Comparision of column reinforcement for all possible cases .......................... 58

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Data input in staad pro ......................................................................................... 15

Table 5.1 Daata input in Etabs ............................................................................................. 18

Table 6.1Story drift for (DL+LL)Zone-V ............................................................................ 31

Table 6.2 Story drift for (EQ)Zone-V .................................................................................. 32

Table 6.3 Story displacement for (DL+LL)Zone-V ........................................................... 36

Table 6.4 Story displacement for (EQ)Zone-V .................................................................. 37

Table 6.5 Lateral loads for (EQ)Zone-V ........................................................................... 43

Table 6.6 Story stiffness for (EQ)Zone-V ........................................................................... 50

Table 6.7 Story shear for (EQ)Zone-V ................................................................................ 52

vii
Chapter 1 Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1 General:

The structural optimization plays a vital role in today’s highly competitive industry,
where there is continuous increase in customer demand for superior quality, better
safety and affordable cost.The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to
the development of construction technology and high-rise commercial structures. For
aesthetic appearance, the building supported by a single column & floor response of
the structure under linear & dynamic loading, results are studied for deflection,
bending moment, shear force, structural planning. Accommodation of parking or
reception lobbies is the primary use of this open ground story in the multi storey
buildings constructed. But Conventional Civil Engineering structures are designed on
the basis of strength and stiffness criteria.

Fig. 1.1 Building having single column at La Torre Astra, en Hamburgo

Chapter 1 Introduction

LJ University, Ahmedabad Page 1

 The structural optimization plays a vital role in today’s highly competitive industry,
where there is continuous increase in customer demand for superior quality, better
safety and affordable cost. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends
to the development of construction technology and high-rise commercial structures.

For aesthetic appearance, the building supported by a single

column & floor response of the structure under linear & dynamic loading, results are
studied for deflection, bending moment, shear force, structural planning.

Accommodation of parking or reception lobbies is the

primary use of this open ground story in the multi storey buildings constructed. But
Conventional Civil Engineering structures are designed on the basis of strength and
stiffness criteria.

1.2 Application of work:

The project of work is done in Etabs which is basically a software used for analysis and
designed of RCC structure. Nowadays, Etabs is being used a lot because it is user-friendly
and easy to interpretive the data.

CHAPTER 2 Literature Review

2.1 Literature Papers:

Research Paper 1:

Name of Journal : Materials today : Proceedings

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Chapter 2 Literature Review
Title of paper : Study on analysis and design of a multi storey building with a single
column using STAAD. Pro

Authors : Chintakrindi V. Kanaka Sarath a, K. Ashok Kumar a, N. Lingeshwaran b,

S. VigneshKannan c, S. Pratheba

Content : The main aim of this paper is to layout a whole building resting on a single
column. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of
construction technology and high-rise commercial structures. The building plays a major
role in improving various activities. In present, prompt to action of peoples from one place
to another is of great extent mainly for earnings.

For aesthetic purpose, we create our building supported by a single column,

for single-column & floor response of the structure under linear & dynamic loading, results
are studied for deflection, bending moment, shear force, structural planning, and design is
an art and science of designing with economy elegance and durable structure.

The main challenge of the structural engineer is to layout a shape that satisfies
the desires of the purchaser and the person, in particular, the structure should be safe,
added good value to construct and keep an aesthetically captivating. Design is a word

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

meaning various things to distinctive human beings. Design means an intellectual plan,
preliminary sketch, pattern, construction, plot, or invention. Even among those carefully
involved with the built environment, there are vast differences in interpretation. Architects
also interpret design as being the manufacturing of drawings and models to show how a
brand new building will look a like. Constructing bridge, tunnel, road, and many others
from outline principles and feasibility studies through mathematical calculations to running
drawings that may show every last nut and bolt inside the project collectively with the
drawings there could be bills of portions, specification, contract, with a purpose to form the
essential organizational framework within which a contractor below the supervision of
engineers and architects can assemble the scheme. Also, imaginative answers to
engineering issues are regularly required to store cash time or to improve safety.

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

Fig. 2.1 3D View in staad

Conclusion:

1. Using STAAD. Pro the analysis of multi-storey buildings has completed much quicker
when compared with manual analysis.
2. It is observed that the reinforcement percentage in the sections is more in the case of
software design when compared to manual calculations.
3. Designing using software like STAAD. Pro reduces a lot of time in design work.

4. The reinforcement details of every member can be obtained

5. All the list of failed frame sections can be obtained in the report given by STAAD. Pro
so that we can change the property data for a better section.
6. Accuracy is improved by using the software.
7. The reinforcement details of each member can obtain directly after analyzing the
building.
8. Deflection in primary members of the mono column structure is under the given limit
regarding IS 456:2000.

Research Paper 2:

Name of Journal : Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research

(JETIR)

Title of paper : A Review on Comparative Study on Analysis of a Conventional Multi-

Storey Building & a Single Column Building

Authors : Dr. S. G. Makarande , Mr. Jayant S. Ramteke , Mr. M. R. Nikhar , Mr. G.

D. Dhawale

Content : The comparative study on analysis of RCC Frame structure supported on a

single column and multi-column is done in this project. This paper presents structural
modelling, stress, bending moment, shear force and displacement, deflection design
considerations for a structure and it is analyzed using STAAD-Pro. Various steps involved
in designing of RCC Frame structure supported on a single column and multi-column by
using software are geometric modelling, providing material properties and sectional
Properties, fixing supports and boundary Conditions, providing loads & load combinations,

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

Special Commands, Analysis Specification , Design Command and Report. The influence
of plan geometry has an important role in static analysis. Maximum values of stresses,
bending moments, shear forces and displacements and deflection are presented. The acting
loads considered in the present analysis were dead load, Live load, floor load, and seismic
load. In these cases the floor load was applied perpendicular to the RCC structure.

Comparison on the basis of analytically results occurs between RCC single

column and RCC multi column is done. In this paper, all those analysis & load calculation
were executed with a Numerical Building Model by using software program, which were
also compared following the analysis results. The results of the analysis on the axial forces,
Base shear, Time period, Storey drift and Displacements are compared. The results are
presented in tabular and graphical form. The project is to planning & analysis by using
software for a multi storied building and single column building of G+4 floors. The design
is done by taking in to account the requirements and standards recommended by IS code
and national building rules. Planning is done using the 3D modelling software with the
help of Auto-CAD 2014. STAAD-Pro uses a command language based input format, which
can be created through an editor called the editor file, these powerful software graphics
input generator or through Auto-CAD based input generators like Auto-CAD. Output
generated by STAAD-Pro consists of detailed numerical results for analysis and design.

Fig. 2.2 Model with cross beam and floating column

Conclusion:
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Chapter 2 Literature Review

1. A conventional multi-storey building & a Single column structure has been designed
successfully to withstand all loads including earthquake load.
2. Single column structure is 20 % more costly when compared with multi- column
structure.
3. We may also check the deflection of various members under the given loading
combinations.
4. The Result of deflection obtained from the software for a conventional multi-storey
building & a single column building structure.
5. RCC column give satisfactory result under static loading condition.
6. Study the performance of lateral displacement at II zones when seismic load applied to
the structure.
7. Storey drift in high rise structures are subjected to excessive deflection. Deflection
obtained by STAAD-Pro is checked by IS Codal limitation for serviceability. Base shear
gives the base shears for entire structures.
8. STAAD-Pro advanced software which provides us a fast, efficient, easy to use and
accurate platform for analyzing and designing structures.

Research Paper 3:

Name of Journal : IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and

Technology

Title of paper Design Of Multi Storey Building Resting On Single Column

Authors : Madireddy Satyanarayana

Content: The aim of the project is to analyze and design of multi-storey building resting
on the single column by using different code provisions. A lay out plan of the proposed
building is drawn by using AUTO CADD 2010.The structure consist of ground floor plus
five floors, each floor having the one house .Staircase must be provides separately. The
planning is done as per Indian standard code provisions. The building frames are analyzed
using the various text books. Using this so many standard books analysis of bending
moment, shear force, deflection, end moments and foundation reactions are calculated.

Detailed structural drawings for critical and typical R.C.C. members are also drawn.
Coordinates for all structural members are tabulated for ready reference.

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

The purpose for taking in this project is to design a whole building rest on single column
And how the different components are designed are given below in detailed.
• Design of the Foundation:
The type of foundation suitable for this multi- storey building is adopted based on the SBC
value assumed. And it is designed by using standards of Indian codes and other
• Design of the Column
One of the important task in this is design of Column because only mono column is
assumed. The Column is designed by taking required dimensions.
• Design of Beam:
The desired specifications of the beams are assumed according to Code Provisions. And the
checks are made according to that.
• Design of the Slab:
The required slab is assumed and it is designed with required specifications. The walls are
construct in English bond .The specifications are lintel for various works .The limit state of
design is adopted for designing all the RCC members.

Fig. 2.3 Architectural plan

Conclusion:
1. We conclude our project with full satisfaction that we are designed the
2. Multi-storey building resting on single column by using of the AUTO CAD

3. The limit state method of design is adopted. We had done the design aspects of the
structure manually and software

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

4. In our project we also used the code provision of the SP 16 and SP 34 (the design aids
for concrete and detailing)
5. Finally we learn detailing of various structural members by using SP 34 design aids. 6.
The knowledge gained from this project will help us to take up similar projects with
courage and confidence in future course of actions.

Research Paper 4:

Name of Journal : IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and

Technology

Title of paper: Seismic Performance of RC Floating Column Considering Different

Configurations

Authors : Priya Prasannan, Ancy Mathew

Content: Floating columns are columns which rest on beams and do not have foundation,
are common multi storey buildings which are proposed to accommodate parking at ground
floor or open halls at higher floors. These columns have discontinuities in the load transfer
path and are designed for gravity loads but these buildings are not designed for earthquake
loads. So these buildings are unsafe in seismic prone areas. In the study, the effect of
varying the location of floating columns floor wise and within the floor of multi storied RC
building on various structural response quantities of the building using response spectrum
analysis is studied in the software ETABS 2015. The main objective here is to study the
seismic response of building with floating columns and to find out the most suitable
configuration for providing floating columns. Various parameters such as total base shear
force, storey displacement, storey drift, story acceleration of a building are studied with
respect to different configurations of floating columns. Also, the critical configuration is
taken and made it resistant against lateral loads by providing shear wall.

Conclusion:

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

1.Time Period is more when floating columns are provided at ground floors
2.Story drift and story displacement is more when floating columns are provided in fifth
floor
3.Base shear is more when floating columns are provided in ground floor
4. Model 1 and model 3 with corner columns as floating columns showed least
resistant against lateral loads
5. Model 4 with maximum number of external columns is found to be better
configuration to resist lateral load.
6. Shear wall provided at diagonal corners can be used as the best effective method to
resist the lateral forces
7.When shear wall was provided, displacement was decreased to 1/3 rd of the initial
displacement
8. Also, story drift was decreased to ½ of the initial story drift 9.Story
shear was increased to ¼ of the initial story shear value.

Research Paper 5:

Name of Journal : IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and

Technology

Title of paper: Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey R.C Structural Frames with and
Without Floating Columns

Authors : Shaik Khaled Ahmed, Khaja Sami Uddin,Mohammed Saif Uddin,

Mirza Musavir Ahmed Baig, Shaik Aslam, Mr. Irfan Ahmed,S. Ramyakala

Content: Rapid civilization leads to construction of thousands of buildings in urban areas.

Now days, multi-storied R.C. framed structures are common in urban regions in the cities
like Hyderabad, Bangalore, New Delhi, Chennai, Maharashtra, Pune etc. Due to thickly
populated urban regions the buildings are extending vertically or going high or becoming
more slender. Decades are evident that traffic volume in urban regions is high when
compared to semi urban or rural regions.
Therefore, the parking of vehicles is significant issue in urban regions
leading to consider the parking storey in a building itself. Hence, parking is unavoidable in
multi-storey buildings in urban regions in turn leading to create vertically irregular
building (floating column buildings). To study the effect of vertically irregularity in

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

buildings created due to parking or by some other instance. 4 mathematical Models of R.C.
framed structures are created in ETAB 2016 version. From literature it can be observed that
buildings which are having floating columns are more sustainable due to earthquake
loading as compared to conventional R.C framed structure and unable to transfer the inertia
forces safely to the ground. To study the effect of earthquake on this kind of buildings,
Equivalent linear static analysis has been considered. The parameters like fundamental
natural time period, fundamental mode shapes with modal mass participation factor, storey
displacements, storey drifts, and base shear have been studied in detail.

Fig. 2.4 Floating column

Conclusion:

[1].Displacement analysis reveals that models with core wall shows huge reduction in
overall displacements when we compare with all other building models. Therefore
consideration of shear wall in turn increases the stiffness of the building and should be
handling carefully for vertically irregular buildings.
[2]. When we study Model 2,3 we conclude that the storey with floating columns are very
much flexible in transferring the inertia forces generated by seismic loading. [3]. Storey
with floating columns are always weak so therefore special concentration should be given
when we are handling any floating columns.
[4]. When we study for base shear analysis we conclude that Model 1, 2, 3 are showing
nearly same responses. When we see Model 4 the base shears are considered large enough.

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

Therefore we could say that a vertical stiffener like core wall will impart huge resistant to
seismic loading in turn improves the overall response.
[5]. The fundamental natural time period is huge enough for Model 3 when we compare
with mathematical models. Model 4 showing substantially least amount of fundamental
natural time period for all the 3 modes of the building. Therefore, we can conclude the
fundamental natural time period drastically reduce when we consider the impact of vertical
and lateral stiffening elements.
[6]. vertically irregular building models are showing nearly same response as of Model 1.

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Chapter 3 Aim, Objective and scope of work

Chapter 3

Aim, Objective and Scope of Work

3.1 Aim

The aim of my work is to “Analysis and Design of a multi storey building with a single
column using Etabs”

3.2 Objectives
Objectives of the present study are as follows:

1. To describe the philosophy of structural design.

2. To introduce various aspects of structural and material behaviour.

3. To study on the variations in the structural response due to the earthquake motions are
tabulated.

4. To design building with single column having structural complexity into consideration.

5. To compare the result between normal multi storey building and multi storey building
with single column which majorly includes deflection ,frame displacement, storey drift,
affect of lateral force in Etabs.

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Chapter 3 Aim, Objective and scope of work

Page 13
3.3 Scope of Work:

Fig. 3.1 Scope of work

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CHAPTER 4 Data Validation

Page 14
Chapter 4 Data Validation
Title of paper: Study on analysis and design of a multi-storey building with a single
column using STAAD. Pro

Authors: Chintakrindi V. Kanaka Sarath a, K. Ashok Kumar a, N. Lingeshwaran b, S.

VigneshKannan c, S. Pratheba

Table. 4.1 Data input in staad pro

Defination Data

Depth of foundation 3m

Supports Fixed

Type G+3

Height of floor 5m

C/S of beam 250x350mm

C/S of column 2.5mx2.5m

Thickness of wall 230mm

Density of brick 19.2kN/m3

Density of concrete 25kN/m3

Slab thickness 0.17m

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Page 15
Chapter 4 Data Validation

Fig. 4.1 Geometry of building

Page 16
Chapter 4 Data Validation

Fig. 4.2 Geometry of model

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Fig. 4.3 Assigning of members

Page 17
Chapter 5 Modelling
Fig. 4.4 Define the load case

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CHEPTER 5 Modelling
METHODOLOGY:- The multistory building having single column at center is
analyzed and designed from Etabs software. In Etabs there are majorly five steps for
designed and analysis of RCC structure:Define,Draw,Assign,Analysis,Design.For analysis
of RCC structures their must be require good amount of knowledge of IS codes and
Fundamental of structures.Total 36 models are made for the exact data validation and for
comparision. For these steps their must be required some input data to validate the structure.
Table. 5.1 Data input in Etabs
Defination Data
Depth of foundation 3.5m
Supports Fixed
Type P+4
Height of floor 4m
C/S of beam 450x1200mm
C/S of column 2mx2m
Thickness of wall 230mm
Density of brick 20kN/m3
Density of concrete 25kN/m3
Slab thickness 0.15m
Floor finish load 1.25kN/m2
Live load 2kN/m2
Importance factor 1.2
Grade of concrete in column M30
Grade of concrete in slab and beam M25
Grade of steel Fe500

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Chapter 5 Modelling

1.1 Define

Fig. 5.1 Section property of column

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.2 Reinforcement data of column

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.3 Section property of beam

Fig. 5.4 Reinforcement data of beam

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.5 Slab property

1.2 Draw : The 3 types of geometry is possible for multi-storey building having single
column.

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.6 Types of model

Fig. 5.7 3D view of model M1

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.8 Plan view of model M1

Fig. 5.9 3D view of model M2

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.10 Plan view of model M2

Fig. 5.11 3D view of model M3

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.12 Plan view of model M3

5.3 Assign :

Fig. 5.13 Assigning L.L.

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Chapter 5 Modelling

Fig. 5.14 Assigning F.F.

5.4 Analysis :There are two type of method for analysed RCC Structure

1.Equivalent Static method

2.Dynamic method

1. Equivalent static method: Equivalent static method is the simplest method to analyze
the behaviour of structure in which it can be assumes that the lateral forces are acted
statically and it behaves fundamentally which means the torsion is not generated in this
method. This method generally used for low rise structures.

2. Dynamic method: Dynamic analysis is used for irregular and regular building both.
In this method the seismic force distribution on each level considered. There are three
methods to perform dynamic analysis,

1) Response spectrum method

2) Modal time history method
3) Time history method

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Chapter 5 Modelling

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Chapter 6 Observations

CHEPTER 6 Observations

6.1 .Deflection in Beams: As per IS code the limitation for beam is 20mm.

Fig. 5.15 IS code criteria

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.1 Deflection diagram of beam

6.2 Story drift :

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.2 Story drift curve for all models for same conditions

Table. 6.1 Story drift for (DL+LL) Zone V

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5th 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

F.F. 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

T,F, 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

S.F. 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

F.F 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

G.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T.B. 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.3 Max. Story drift of model M1

Table. 6.2 Story drift for (EQ) Zone V

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5th 0.0016 0.0034 0.0042 0.0024 0.0033 0.0041 0.0027 0.0037 0.0046

F.F. 0.0016 0.0034 0.0042 0.0024 0.0033 0.0041 0.0027 0.0036 0.0045

T,F, 0.0016 0.0033 0.0041 0.0024 0.0033 0.0040 0.0025 0.0034 0.0042

S.F. 0.0015 0.0031 0.0038 0.0022 0.0031 0.0038 0.0022 0.0030 0.0037

F.F 0.0012 0.0025 0.0031 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0014 0.0019 0.0023

G.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T.B. 0.0002 0.0005 0.0006 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.4 Max. Story drift of model M2

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.5 Max. Story drift of model M3

6.3 Story displacement :Story displacement should be within limit upto 0.004 times the height
of the building in mm

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.6 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M1

Fig. 6.7 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M1

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Chapter 6 Observations

Table. 6.3 Story displacement for (DL+LL) Zone V

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5th 24.252 24.252 24.252 26.099 26.099 26.099 28.246 28.246 28.246

F.F. 19.254 19.254 19.254 20.722 20.722 20.722 21.778 21.778 21.778

T,F, 14.43 14.43 14.43 15.484 15.484 15.484 15.691 15.691 15.691

S.F. 9.91 9.91 9.91 10.489 10.489 10.489 10.254 10.254 10.254

F.F 5.688 5.688 5.688 5.989 5.989 5.989 5.748 5.748 5.748

G.F. 2.408 2.408 2.408 5.989 5.989 5.989 5.748 5.748 5.748

T.B. 0.526 0.526 0.526 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.536 0.536 0.536

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fig. 6.8 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M2

Table. 6.4 Story displacement for (EQ) Zone V

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Chapter 6 Observations

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5th 35.423 72.263 88.734 52.299 71.126 87.339 53.963 73.39 90.119

F.F. 28.667 58.482 71.812 42.379 57.635 70.773 42.873 58.308 71.599

T,F, 21.906 44.688 54.874 32.435 44.111 54.166 32.038 43.572 53.504

S.F. 15.325 31.262 38.388 22.702 30.874 37.912 21.889 29.769 36.554

F.F 9.176 18.719 22.986 13.587 18.478 22.69 12.979 17.652 21.676

G.F. 4.203 8.574 10.528 13.587 18.478 22.69 12.979 17.652 21.676

T.B. 0.967 1.973 2.423 1.43 1.945 2.389 1.366 1.857 2.281

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.9 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M2

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.10 Max. Story displacement for EQ X of model M3

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.11 Max. Story displacement for EQ Y of model M3

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Chapter 6 Observations

STORY DISPLACEMENT IN MM
60

50

40

M1
30
M2
M3
20

10

0
Zone-II Zone-III Zone-IV Zone-V

Fig. 6.12 Max. Story displacement for all zones

6.4 Lateral Loads :

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.13 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M1

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.14 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M2

Table. 6.5 Lateral loads for (EQ) Zone V

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5th 88.43 180.41 221.53 130.64 177.68 218.18 126.74 172.37 211.66

F.F. 67.30 137.29 168.58 98.29 133.68 164.15 92.37 125.63 154.26

T,F, 43.07 87.86 107.89 62.91 85.55 105.06 59.12 80.40 98.73

S.F. 24.22 49.42 60.69 35.38 48.12 59.09 33.25 45.22 55.53

F.F 12.54 25.59 31.42 16.13 21.94 26.94 15.47 21.04 25.84

G.F. 0.94 1.92 2.35 0 0 0 0 0 0

T.B. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.15 Lateral loads for type 1 soil for model M3

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.16 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M1

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.17 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M2

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.18 Lateral loads for type 2 soil for model M3

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.19 Lateral loads for type 3 soil for all models

6.5 Story stiffness :

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.20 Story stiffness for type 3 soil

Table. 6.6 Story stiffness for (EQ) Zone V

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Chapter 6 Observations

M1 M2 M3

Sto 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
ry

5th 13120. 13120. 13120. 13178. 13188. 13188. 11456. 11456. 11454.
51 51 51 57 72 72 60 602 44

F.F 23103. 23103. 23103. 23047. 23070. 23070. 20295. 20295. 20291.
. 32 32 32 64 25 25 76 761 97

T, 30257. 30257. 30257. 30018. 30024. 30024. 27538. 27538. 27533.

F, 59 59 59 6 62 62 61 614 56

S.F 36445. 36445. 36445. 36014. 36059. 36059. 35157. 35157. 35150.
. 05 05 05 32 27 27 42 423 98

F.F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

G. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
F.

T. 24449 24449 24449 24007 24009 24009 23940 239406 23940

B. 1.91 1.91 1.91 8.59 1.15 1.15 6.51 .511 6.51

Ba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
se

6.6 Story shear :

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.21 Story shear for seismic loads

Fig. 6.22 Story shear for DL+LL

Table. 6.7 Story shear for (EQ) Zone V

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Chapter 6 Observations

M1 M2 M3

Story 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

(-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)

5th 88.47 180.48 221.62 130.68 177.73 218.25 126.75 172.38 211.66

F.F. 155.80 317.84 390.28 229.01 311.46 382.45 219.13 298.02 365.93

T,F, 198.89 405.74 498.23 291.94 397.04 487.55 278.26 378.44 464.66

S.F. 223.13 455.19 558.95 327.34 445.18 546.66 311.52 423.67 520.20

F.F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

G.F. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T.B. 236.62 482.71 592.75 343.48 467.13 573.61 327.00 444.72 546.05

Base 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6.7 Mode shape :The building loacated in seismic zone II,III,IV and V , it shall be ensured
that first three nodes together contribute at least 65% of mass participation in each
principle plan direction.

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.23 Mode shape value for model M1

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.24 Mode shape value for model M2

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.25 Mode shape value for model M3

6.8 Design : Column

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Chapter 6 Observations

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.26 Analysis data of column from Etabs

Fig. 6.27 Arrangement of column reinforcement

6.9 Comparison of column Reinforcement

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Chapter 6 Observations

Fig. 6.28 Comparison of column Reinforcement for all possible cases

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Chapter 7 Conclusion

CHEPTER 7
Conclusion
1. It is possible to model a single column building.
2. It is observed that requirement of shear reinforcement would be more in all cases.
3. Deflection of beam is within limit.
4. Percentage of reinforcement required in column is within 2.5%.
5. Story displacement and story drift is within limit as per IS 1893(Part-1)-2016
6. The behavior of lateral load application is as expected and within fundamental
rules.
7. The mode shape gives the satisfactory results in all cases.
8. Story drift and displacement is higher in model M3 as compare to other models in
all cases.
9. Model M1 gives all satisfactory results in all analysis results but requires sp.
Reinforcement details in beams at the location of floating column
10. It is conclude that soil type is the major role at the time of earthquake.

Chapter 8 References

CHEPTER 8
References

[1] Badikala Sravanthi, Dr. K. Rajasekhar, Design of a Structure Supported On Single

Column, Pp In ISSN-2349-8439, 2016.

LJ University, Ahmedabad Page 60

[2] A. Venu Babu et al, Design of a structure supported on single column office building,
International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE] Vol. 2,
Issue 15, pp 112-123, 2016.
[3] Madireddy Satyanarayana, Design of Multi Storey Building Resting on Single
Column, [IJRET] Vol. 5, Issue 3, ISSN: 2319-1163, 2016.
[4] M.S. Matsumot, et al, Structural Design of an Ultra High-rise Building Using
Concrete Filled Tubular Column with Ultra High Strength Materials, pp. 15, WCEE,
2012.
[5] E. K. Mohanraj, S. Nisar Ahmad, A. Gowri Sankar, Kongu Engineering College,
Analysis and Desgn of an Office Building with Mono Column, pp. 27th Conference on
Our World in Concrete & Structures, 2002.

[6] IS 456-2000

[7] IS 1893(Part-1)-2016
[8] T. Subramani, S. Priyanka, E. Sahul Hameeth, P. Shanmuga Subramani, K.R. Shuresh,
Design and analysis of mono column building by using STAAD Pro, [IJAIEM], Vol. 8,
Issue 3, ISSN 2319 – 4847, 2019.
[9] Ankur Pandey, Vaibhav Singh, Gaurav Awasthi, A review on mono column
multistorey structural system using composite material, [IJAIEM] Vol. 8, Issue III,
ISSN NO:
2249-7455, 2018.

[10] S. Sudheer, Dr. K.V. Subba Reddy Institute Of Technology, Analysis & Design Of
G+5 Residential Building Using Staad-Pro, [GJRA] Vol. 6, Issue 5, ISSN No 2277 – 8160,
Chapter 8 References

2017.
[11] Mr. Jayant S. Ramteke, Mr. M. R. Nikhar, Mr. G. D. Dhawale, Mr. S. G. Makarande,
A Comparative Study on Analysis of a Conventional Multi-Storey Building & A Single
Column Building, [IJRASET] Vol. 7 Issue V, ISSN: 2321-9653, 2019.

[12] Ankur Pandey, Vaibhav Singh, Gaurav Awasthi, Mono Column Single-Storey
Structural System using Composite Material, [IAETSD] Vol. 5, Issue 4, ISSN NO:
23948442, 2018.

LJ University, Ahmedabad Page 61

[13] Palaram Nikhil, Sanaka Vineela, Analysis and design of a structure supported on a
single column, [IJMTE] Vol. 8, Issue X, ISSN NO: 2249-7455, 2018.
[14] Vaibhav Singh, Ankur Pandey, Mono column multi-storey structural system using
composite material” [IJTIMES] Vol. 4, Issue 12, ISSN: 2455-2585, 2018.
[15] Reinforced Concrete Design by Krisnaraju and R. N. Pranesh As Per IS: 456- 2000.

[16] Donald MacLeod, Tom Mathie, Graham Dunlop, Sean Duvall, Innovative
MonoColumn Support Structure, SPE Offshore Europe Oil and Gas Conference and
Exhibition held in Aberdeen, UK, SPE-145455, pp1-6, 2011.
[17] P.C. Vargeese, Limit State Design of Reinforcement Concrete. Fig. 3. (a) Comparison
of seismic & non seismic analysis (Shear force - STAAD. Pro model). (b) Comparison
of seismic & non seismic analysis (Bending moment - STAAD. Pro model). Slab-4
2520 2370 1920 746.699

[18] Nikhil Bandwal1, Anant Pande2, “To Study Seismic Behavior of RC Building with
Floating Columns’’, International journal of scientific engineering and technology and
research. ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.08, May-2014, Pages:1593-1596.

[19] Mr. P.V. Prasad ,T.RajaSekhar, “Study Of Behavior Of Seismic Analysis Of Multi
Storied Building With And Without Floating Column”, Caribbean Journal of Science and
Technology, 2014, Vol2, 697-710 M. Taghizadeh, A. Plummer, A. Aqel, and S. Biswas,
“Optimal Cooperative Caching in Social Wireless Networks,” Proc. IEEE Global
Telecomm. Conf. (GlobeCom), 2010.
[20] Mortezaei A., Ronagh H.R., Kheyroddin A., (2009), “Seismic evaluation of FRP
strengthened RC buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions having fling step”.
Composite Structures 92 (2010) 1200–1211.

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

APPENDIX-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-A Plagiarism Percentage Report

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Appendix-B Review Card

APPENDIX-B
Review Card

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Appendix-B Review Card

Page 82
Appendix-B Review Card
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Appendix-B-1 Research Paper

APPENDIX-B-1 Research Paper

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Page 84
Appendix-B-1 Research Paper

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Appendix-B-1 Research Paper

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Appendix-B-2 Certificate of Research Paper

APPENDIX-B-2 Certificate of Research

Paper

APPENDIX-C
Review Paper

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Appendix-C Review Paper

91

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Appendix-C Review Paper

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Appendix-C Review Paper

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Appendix-C-1 Certificate of Review Paper

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Appendix-C Review Paper

APPENDIX-C-1 Certificate of Review Paper

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