National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Dated: 01/03/2024

Lab Engineer:

Course/Section: BEE 13(B) Semester: Spring 2024

EE-351 Communication Systems

Lab 5: AM Reception and RF Stage, Mixer , IF Filter, Envelope Detector

PLO3-CLO4 PLO5- PLO8- PLO9-

CLO5 CLO6 CLO7
Name Reg. No Viva / Analysis Modern Ethics Individual
Quiz / Lab of data Tool and and Team
Performa in Lab Usage Safety Work
nce Report

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks

Muhammad Moazam 369381
Nafees

Ahmad Raza 371615

Hamza Atiq 368099

 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Lab 5: AM Reception and RF stage , Mixer , IF Filter, Envelope Detector

Exercise Objectives:
When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to:

 Calculate the AM signal power at an RF filter input.

 Describe how an RF filter is tuned to filter an AM signal.

You will use an oscilloscope to make AM signal measurements.

Introduction:

On the circuit board, you will set up AM transmitter to transmit a 100% modulated signal to the
receiver. It is sent by a direct connection between the transmitter and receiver on circuit board,
not through the air waves as in regular radio transmission.

The RF stage in Receiver circuit block contains and RF filter and RF amplifier, You have to
adjust inductor L4 for the transmitted signal, all frequencies out of filter are attenuated, the filter
bandwidth is large enough to pass USB and LSB frequencies. Which are on each side of resonant
frequency 1000kHz carrier frequency. When you adjust the filter to pass required frequency, the
filter provides a matching impedance between L4 and ground of the antenna.

The power gain of RF Amplifier is very high so that amplifier can greatly increase the power
level of the AM signal selected by RF filter.

The role of the mixer is to join the RF stage to the IF stage. The mixer combines the 1000 kHz
AM signal from the RF stage with a 1455 kHz LO signal to produce a 455 kHz difference signal
for the IF stage. Besides the 455 kHz difference frequency, the sum frequency (2455 kHz) of the
AM signal and the local oscillator signal is also output from the mixer. The IF filter in the IF
stage is a ceramic filter. which has a higher attenuation outside of the filter's bandwidth than LC
filters do.
The IF filter is designed to pass a 455 kHz signal with a bandwidth that includes the AM
sidebands: the L SB at 445 kHz and the USB at 465 kHz- The bandwidth is therefore 20 kHz.
Frequencies outside of this range are greatly attenuated.
When an AM signal is applied to the envelope detector circuit input. The diode conducts only
during the positive portion Of the AM.
The charging and discharging output signal of the envelope detector RC circuit closely follows
the positive envelope Of the AM signal that is equivalent to the message signal.
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Discussion:

1. An RF filter matches the antenna impedance and selects the AM frequency by filtering
out all other frequencies.
2. The RF filter is an LC bandpass filter.
3. The bandwidth of an RF filter includes the upper and lower sidebands of the selected AM
signal.
4. An RF amplifier significantly increases the power level of the AM receiver signal.
5. A mixer combines an RF signal and a local oscillator signal to form a complex signal that
contains a 455Khz difference signal for the IF stage; the sum frequencies are also in the
mixer’s output.
6. An IF filter passes a 455kHz signal with a 20kHz signal bandwidth and attenuates all the
sum and input frequencies from the mixer.
7. A diode envelope detector demodulates the IF signal to recover the message signal.
8. The diode envelope detector RC charge and discharge time constants have to be optimum
to properly recover the message signal

Task 3-1:
Q-9:
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Q-10:

Q-11:
Yes, they are same.

Q-15:
Ans: Vrms = 4.59uV.
Prf: 4223.3 x 10^-16W.

Q-18:
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Fr= 1.147kHzS

Q-19:

Q-22:
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

352mV

Q-23:
Vrms = 124.4mV
Prf = 7741.6W

Q-24: dBmrf(i) = 27.99decibels

Q-25: dBmrf(o) = 66.9 decibels

Q-26: Aprf = 40.901db

Task 3-2:
Q-6:

Q-10:
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Q-16:

Yes they both are similar

 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Q19:

Q-21:

Q-26:
 National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
Department of Electrical Engineering

Q-28:
No it is 10times.

Q-29:
No it does not change.

Conclusion:
 A mixer combines an RF signal and local oscillator signal to
form a complex signal that that contains a 455kHz difference
signal for the IF stage.
 An IF filter passes a 455kHz signal with a 20 kHz bandwidth
and attenuates all the sum and input frequencies from the
mixer.
 A diode envelope detector demodulates the IF signal to recover
the message signal.
 The diode envelope detector’s RC charge and discharge time
constants have to be optimum to properly recover the message
signal.