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Lecture 4 - Emprical Pavement Design - Environment
Lecture 4 - Emprical Pavement Design - Environment
(ENVIRONMENT)
Dr. E Fungo
University of Dar es Salaam
1
Environmental factors with greatest
effects on pavement performance
2
Climatic Zones
3
Sources of moisture in the pavement
Relative permeability
of pavement layers
and subgrade
Infiltration from the
surface and shoulders
Seepage from higher
grounds
Fluctuation in the
water table
Transfer of moisture
within the structure
due to differences in
moisture content or
temperature
4
Preventing seepage from high ground
Note:
The drain has a perforated
pipe at its base that is laid
on a slope to enable the
more effective removal of
the intercepted drainage
water that trickles down
through the free-draining
5 backfill
Lowering the water table
Lower the water table by installing longitudinal subdrains
in the verges on either side of the carriageway parallel to
the centreline, to a depth that is greater than the desired
minimum level of the lowered water table (1-1.5m) below
the middle of the pavement
Note
Fine-grained soils with high
water tables cannot normally be
drained by installing gravity
sub-drains. Instead of
attempting to lower the water
table in these soils the usual
practice is to construct a higher
embankment so that the
formation is raised the desired
height above the water level
6
Minimizing the effects of water entering
through the pavement surface (1)
7
Minimizing the effects of water entering
through the pavement surface (2)
8
Minimizing the effects of water entering
through the pavement surface (3)
9
Pavement Temperature
Bituminous materials
Cemented materials
Granular layers - moisture movement
10
Unfavourable subgrade conditions (1)
1
2
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)
13