Title: Navigating the Challenges of Writing a Literature Review for an Online Voting System Project

Embarking on a project related to online voting systems entails delving into a realm that demands
meticulous research and critical analysis. A crucial component of this journey is crafting a literature
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further exploration demands both analytical prowess and creative finesse.

Moreover, maintaining objectivity and avoiding bias in the interpretation of the literature is
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viewpoints and controversies within the field. This necessitates a critical approach that scrutinizes
the strengths and limitations of each study, fostering a nuanced understanding of the topic.

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The management system should be able to count the votes, ensure the ballots aren’t associated with
any members, and guarantee your organization’s information will not be shared with third parties.
Please let us know what you think of our products and services. The system allows voters to log in
again but only to check their votes, not change them. Implementing e-voting is a complex endeavour,
it emphasizes, but one. My first sincere appreciation and gratitude goes to Mr. Pawan Kumar Mahi.
In order to enable high concurrency in data, the data should be horizontally partitioned into parts,
each known as a shard. 9.2. User Identity As a username, blockchain utilizes pseudonyms. This
strategy does not provide complete privacy and secrecy. Contact us today to get your next election
started. Voter has no need to go to any polling booth,so it is easy to use. 4.1.4 Technologies to be
used:- This project will be a Web application to be developed in PHP having Database Design (My
SQL). As is the case with any other technology, blockchain technology has its drawbacks. But with
online voting, the process is entirely electronic, making it harder to verify the results. For example,
some systems provide a live election results page where voters can see the results as they roll in. It is
essential that the process of analysis and definition be conducted in parallel with an assessment to
technical feasibility. In an effort to elect the student council president, the researchers created a web-
based information system in selecting the student council president. Windows, Linux server and is
compatible with various hardware. Then a final system design is produced that expands the design by
specifying all the technical detail needed to develop the system. Feature papers are submitted upon
individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive. You’ll be able to
likewise obtain lab manuals of various topics. The researchers conducted interviews to the registrar,
CSC Adviser, and selected instructors, students and Comelec officers to gather needed information
to enable to foresee the probable solutions to the problems of the CSC Election process in
SLTCFPDI. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). Blockchain for Electronic
Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges. Sensors. 2021; 21(17):5874. Download
Free PDF View PDF SECURE ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM IJAR Indexing Secure Online Voting
System is an interactive voting system application with which users can vote from any location
remotely using their information stored prior in database securely. Blockchain is an appealing
alternative to conventional electronic voting systems with features such as decentralization, non-
repudiation, and security protection. So as the number of transactions grow the hash of the new
transaction is added to the hash of existing transactions essentially making it in the form of a chain.
In this technique, counter-measurement assaults constitute a significant issue. Unfortunately, their
proposed system is not strong enough to secure from DoS attacks because there was no third-party
authority on the scheme responsible for auditing the vote after the election process. However, UK
citizens may live as far away as New Zealand, for example, and postal voting packs can be sent out
as little as 7-10 days before polling day. Windows, Linux server and is compatible with various
hardware. According to the above stated features we selected PHP as the front-end for developing
our project. Blockchain creates a series of blocks replicated on a peer-to-peer network. They have
also made modifications to the code-based Niederreiter algorithm to make it more resistant to
quantum assaults.
As a result, electronic voting systems should initially be implemented in limited pilot areas before
being expanded. That is why one of the desired properties of an online voting system is coercion
resistance. A consensus algorithm is used to reach an agreement on blockchain data that is fault-
tolerant in the presence of malicious actors. An easy way to refine and prove the same quality of
Leadership for success is the online voting of My Dear Leader. Table 1 shows the different online
platforms, their consensus, and the technology used to develop the system. These cookies help
provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Time
framework of I-voting: I-votes may be given during 7 days from 10th day until 4th day. This has a
knock-on effect not just on elections, but on other public services that could benefit from
digitalisation too. Due to these concerns, it was determined that the existing frameworks need to be
improved to be utilized in voting systems. Polys aims to reduce time and money for local authorities,
state governments, and other organizations by helping them to focus on collecting and preparing
proposals. 7.6. Agora It is a group that has introduced a blockchain digital voting platform.
However, transactional secrecy and anonymity are required in an election system due to the presence
of the transactions involved. It is essential to ensure that assurance in voting does not diminish. The
government will observe how votes were cast and recorded, but this information will not be
restricted to policy. Political voting methods are crucial in this respect. These problems include High
rigging during the election process A single voter casting his vote multiple times Inefficient and
inaccurate counting of voters by officers concerned. With the “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM”, a
voter can use hisher voting right online. Jafar, Uzma, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz, and Zarina Shukur.
We’re a gaggle of instructive consultants and understudies. We amasses the belongings or create it
and switch right here. It saves time, avoid error in counting and there will be no invalid votes.
Available online: (accessed on 28 July 2020). Woda, M.; Huzaini, Z. A Proposal to Use Elliptical
Curves to Secure the Block in E-voting System Based on Blockchain Mechanism. The blockchain
concept and its uses are presented first, followed by existing electronic voting systems. Then, a set of
deficiencies in existing electronic voting systems are identified and addressed. We can also go for
military grade encryption of the data. The registrar will then give them the list of voters. Journal of
Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA). Each member should only be allowed to vote
once through the software and ballots should remain secret. In a decryption mix network, each
mixing server has its key, and the voter encrypts their choice like an onion so that each server will
unwrap its layer of decryption. If yes the vote will be save and the system will save the vote, and if
no the system will display again the list of candidates to the voter who wants to change their votes.
A smart contract itself is nothing more than a piece of logic written in code. A Analysis of Hostel
Allocation System is a software application.
According to the above stated features we selected PHP as the front-end for developing our project.
We can have external and internal firewalls along with a demilitarized zone(DMZ). Solaris. The
NetBeans project consists of an open-source IDE and an. Bush had a majority of votes in the
Electorial College. The finger print minutiae features are different for each human being. The
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM-INDIA shall reduce the time spend making. All articles published by
MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special. In
“ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” a voter can use hisher voting right online without. During feasibility
analysis for this project, following primary areas of interest are to be considered. In a decryption mix
network, each mixing server has its key, and the voter encrypts their choice like an onion so that each
server will unwrap its layer of decryption. All users run their programs from a single machine.
Online systems have the advantage of providing convenience to the voter and reduce the time
wasted in the queuing process at election centers. This study provides a conceptual description of
the intended blockchain-based electronic voting application and an introduction to the fundamental
structure and characteristics of the blockchain in connection to electronic voting. Voter registration,
authentication, voting, and tallying must be incorporated in the electronic voting systems Figure 6.
In Table 2 we present scalability analysis of famous blockchain platforms. The scalability issue arises
with blockchain value suggestions; therefore, altering blockchain settings cannot be easily increased.
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the
field. A Feature. Likewise they can easily know the result of the election. But there are threats:
Firstly, all modifications made to the participation list need to be checked so that no illegitimate
voters can be added, and secondly, the identification system should be both trusted and secure so
that a voter’s account cannot be stolen or used by an intruder. Prerequisites: System design
introduction: 3 principles of distributed system, 5 step guide for System design. The conduct of
elections in a democratic society is very important not only because through it a change of
government is effected but also because voting is the main form of political participation for most
people. All the work done in coming up with this system is dedicated to my. This research revealed
that blockchain systems raised difficulties that needed to be addressed and that there are still many
technical challenges. Previous Article in Special Issue Entitlement-Based Access Control for Smart
Cities Using Blockchain. Investigation and generating ideas about a new system does this. The
efficacy of such a procedure is determined mainly by the level of faith that people have in the
election process. Bitcoin was the first crypto-currency solution that used a blockchain data structure.
In Figure 4, one can see the main difference between both of the systems. In traditional voting
systems, we have a central authority to cast a vote. Maintain Integrity of Digital Ballot against
security vulnerabilities. To ensure more security, finger prints of the voter is used as the main
authentication resource. But all the technologies mentioned above are useless if there is no trust in the
system itself.
The report concludes that the implementation of e-voting. In order for the student to accomplish this,
the student must go through several processes. For example, as noted for the blind signature, there is
a risk that non-eligible voters will vote, receipt-freeness contradicts verifiability, a more complex
protocol can dramatically reduce usability, etc. Bitcoin was the first crypto-currency solution that
used a blockchain data structure. School cum College Management System is a software application
developed. A system that will help personnel work more efficiently especially in accessing and
retrieving data in and less time as possible. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI).
The basis of this project is to create an Android application based on which voting can be performed.
The Key Generation Center (KGC) is a certificateless cryptosystem that serves as a regulator.
Internet voting systems are appealing for several reasons which include. Find support for a specific
problem in the support section of our website. Students that are officially registered as voter can only
vote. The decentralized network may be used as a modern electronic voting technique to circumvent
the central authority. It is called resistance because nothing can stop the coercer from standing
behind the voter and controlling its actions. This voting system can be used for casting votes during
the elections held in colleges, etc. Biometric security: This will require sophisticated equipments to
perform fingerprint or retina scanning before casting vote. Who does not save dreams? Every person
wants to do some great work in life. Funding This research received no external funding. Take time
to think through these criteria and decide if online elections are the right choice for you. Some of the
problems involved include ridging votes during election, insecure or. Chapter seven includes
recommendation, a conclusion as well as the definition of terms used. Once it is done voter is
accessed to candidate list through which vote can be given for their preferred candidate. It ensures
that registered voters will abstain without problems or encourage others to cast their legitimate votes
for themselves. Voter registration, authentication, voting, and tallying must be incorporated in the
electronic voting systems Figure 6. Online voting tools and online election voting systems assist you
in making important decisions by collecting your group's input in a systematic and verifiable manner.
On the other hand, voting on the blockchain will be an encrypted piece of data that is fully open and
publicly stored on a distributed blockchain network rather than a single server. Another advantage
for the voter is that there is no ambiguity in interpreting an electronic vote. But this can be present in
future when this technology becomes cheap. In this phase, verification and validation are used. Also
discussed in this chapter are the limitations of the study and finally, the assumptions made.
Implementation of Auditable Blockchain Voting System with Hyperledger Fabric. As a consequence
of this study, it was discovered that blockchain systems may help solve some of the issues that now
plague election systems. On the other hand, the most often mentioned issues in blockchain
applications are privacy protection and transaction speed. In “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” a voter
can use hisher voting right online. For example, if we have choices x and y and multiplicative
homomorphic encryption, we can select a value g and encrypt exponentiation: Enc(gx). The
researchers also conducted several observation and found out that there are problems in the manual
election process in the institution. Voter registration, authentication, voting, and tallying must be
incorporated in the electronic voting systems Figure 6. Presently voting is performed using ballot
paper and the counting is performed by the persons, hence it consumes a lot of time. My first sincere
appreciation and gratitude goes to Mr. Pawan Kumar Mahi. However, electronic voting carries
significant risks such as if an electronic voting system is compromised, all cast votes can probably be
manipulated and misused. Using another person’s ID card (or mobile-ID) for voting. Hard to track
who voted and who didn’t Online Voting System Instant Poll result Easy to keep track of voters.
Also discussed in this chapter are the limitations of the study and finally, the assumptions made.
Chain: A series of blocks in a particular order; Miners: Correspondent nodes to validate the
transaction and add that block into the blockchain system; Consensus: A collection of commands
and organizations to carry out blockchain processes. 2.2. Critical Characteristics of Blockchain
Architecture Blockchain architecture has many benefits for all sectors that incorporate blockchain. In
this phase, verification and validation are used. Take time to think through these criteria and decide if
online elections are the right choice for you. People have the ability to change our world by using the
automated electoral system mechanisms which significantly reduce the chances of errors, because
vote counting is based on an internal machine count rather than on individual ballots. They
stimulated the application of blockchain technology in efforts to improve numerous spheres.
However, asking a trusted person to vote on your behalf is not an option for everyone and
relinquishes control of a very important task. Their model is not accurate and did not care about
voter’s integrity. It has helped make the democratic process and the electoral system worthwhile for
electing constituencies and governments more democratized. Next Article in Journal Assessment of
Grain Harvest Moisture Content Using Machine Learning on Smartphone Images for Optimal
Harvest Timing. A consensus algorithm is used to reach an agreement on blockchain data that is fault-
tolerant in the presence of malicious actors. We can have external and internal firewalls along with a
demilitarized zone(DMZ). Despite its appearance as an ideal solution, the blockchain system could
not wholly address the voting system’s issues due to these flaws. In their most general meanings, the
terms front end and back end refer. Comparison of current blockchain-based electronic voting
systems. You can review the votes as they come in, but won’t be able to see who cast the ballot.
Solaris. The NetBeans project consists of an open-source IDE and an. This OTP will be encrypted
using a PLAYFAIR CIPHER algorithm and gets verified. In this paper, a new approach of voting
breaks the limitation of traditional voting and focuses on the security and feasibility of the voting, so
that it may reach to all the voters from every class, which will be a major step towards making India
a developed country from developing country.
Blockchain creates a series of blocks replicated on a peer-to-peer network. It should be based on
Public key Infrastructure(PKI). Any problem that exists will be found and addressed. They used a
process model to describe the whole system’s structure. This study provides a conceptual description
of the intended blockchain-based electronic voting application and an introduction to the
fundamental structure and characteristics of the blockchain in connection to electronic voting. The
aim of using such a data structure is to achieve provable immutability. On a smaller scale, it also
attempted to address anonymity, privacy, and security problems in the election. Collection Centre: A
designated location where results are collected. It saves time, avoid error in counting and there will
be no invalid votes. The on-line site will resist any attack Only registered voters will have access to
the application Voters will be protected against any attempt of identified theft. I’ve been browsing
online more than 2 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. Problems with
the Existing Voter Registration System. You should also ensure voters have the ability to access their
ballots at any time, anywhere on the day of the election. The NetBeans project is supported by a
vibrant developer community and. The NetBeans project is supported by a vibrant developer
community. One of the closest contests in US history Florida was the pivotal state Neither Democrat
Al Gore nor Republican George W. The system also takes care of the result calculation of each
candidate in a particular election and the percentage scored in that election. SSL can be used. 2. 24 X
7 availability. 3. Better component design to get better performance at peak time. 4. Flexible service
based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension 2. This platform enables the voters to
cast their votes remotely and safely and vote for their ideal candidate. Although the pilot series was
often popular with the public, it. Unfortunately, their proposed system is not strong enough to secure
from DoS attacks because there was no third-party authority on the scheme responsible for auditing
the vote after the election process. These problems include High rigging during the election process
A single voter casting his vote multiple times Inefficient and inaccurate counting of voters by officers
concerned. In their most general meanings, the terms front end and back end refer. Online votinh
Online votinh IRJET - Precaution of Trolling Intrusions in Online Ballot System using Optic. In this
system people who have citizenship of India and whose age is above 18 years and of any sex can
give their vote through online without going to any physical polling station. So as the number of
transactions grow the hash of the new transaction is added to the hash of existing transactions
essentially making it in the form of a chain. Secure access of confidential data (user’s details). The
point is that all validators execute all incoming transactions and agree on achieving results so that
more than two-thirds of honest validators need to decide on the outcome. As a digital platform, they
eliminate the need to vote in person. The creation of legislative institutions to represent the desire of
the people is a well-known tendency.
Also discussed in this chapter are the limitations of the study and finally, the assumptions made. If
you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. According to the above stated
features we selected PHP as the front-end for developing our project. All operation would be done
correctly and it ensures that whatever information is coming from the center is accurate. 3.
Reliability: - The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the above stated reasons. As a
result, electronic voting systems should initially be implemented in limited pilot areas before being
expanded. Most establishments, corporations and institutions had developed their own use of such
technology to help themselves work more efficiently with less time and effort, resulting in better
production, profit, and a more satisfied clientele. Windows, Linux server and is compatible with
various hardware. The proof of labor, for example, is a mathematically vast and challenging job that
requires a tremendous amount of energy to complete. For example, mix-networks rely on proof of
correct shuffling (a type of zero-knowledge proof), while proof of correct decryption is also used in
mix-networks and threshold decryption. Poll Station: A center or venue where voters cast their
votes. But all the technologies mentioned above are useless if there is no trust in the system itself.
Voters confirm their applicants and themselves on the application and give proof by an image and
their identification to include biometric confirmation that either a distinctive signature such as
fingerprints or retinal scans. 7.3. Polyas It was founded in Finland in 1996. Download Free PDF
View PDF Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) Implementation And
Development Of E-Voting System For Election Of Student Council Chairperson Of SMP Negeri 10
PEKANBARU Yuvi Darmayunata Intra-School Student Organization is an organization that is at the
school level in Indonesia, starting with junior high schools and senior high schools. Hence the rigging
associated with the manual voting systems has been completely handled. The aim of using such a
data structure is to achieve provable immutability. The remainder of the paper is organized as
follows. In this system people who have citizenship can vote online without going to any physical
polling station. There will be no room for rigging and election malpractice DEFINITIONS OF
TERMS Ballot Paper: Material with which voters used to cast their votes. Previous Article in Journal
Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Detection of Pathogenic Fungi and Applying It to
Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. But privacy needs to be taken into consideration; thus,
providing both unreusability and voter anonymity is tricky. Once the digital election has come to a
close, the agency will provide a tabulation of results with additional analyses upon request. It has
great potential to decrease organizational costs and increase voter turnout. Now if the voter wants to
verify his vote is cast to the correct candidate, using his digital signature and 2 factor authentication
he can request from the app to know the serial number of the candidate he has voted. What’s most
important to you, efficiency, accuracy, or transparency. The great thing about smart contracts is that
anybody who can set up a blockchain node can verify its outcome. As a single ballot is never
decrypted, the decryption result will not show if more than one option was chosen or if the poll was
formed so that it was treated as ten choices (or a million) at once. Using computers, they would be
the one to tally and transmit the votes without human intervention. But with online voting, they can
see the results in real-time, making them feel more engaged in the process. A smart contract itself is
nothing more than a piece of logic written in code. Finally, I wish to say thanks to all Faculties of
NIIT for helping me a lot.