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Serica emt Porallel Circuila s (ch 4, ch 5) © Grouit /relvorh, topology ¢ : branch (b) 1 a single clement feomponent (eg: & voltage source, resistor) robe. { 1 the pring of connection bedween, two or more branched Loop (4) + ay chased path, in a circuit a alent] (« fordamental Theorem) @ independent: op a boop Contaning ak Leoob one, branch (ie 7 lesd hak is ast part 3 ony ollin indepseadbrct leap. © series cmd poralled connechina : ~ in sevice theelements ove connected sequentially (they cory tae some. ewurert) 7 — in. parallel: tr clementé ae cmnechect te the, some, tern nedes hoy here dise, come. volte ole Ag 4.8 ark Fig Sut exe vovong in the Lexfbook | Chek Ue covveck® Figura From wha @ example; identiby We brmcheo, rodeo avd ivdipendawt loop « ,vouce of bee 0 RL Gettin ob energy): ned Wey 4M l=y4 a : wy sieaet zo aan othe algebraic, oum of Kei votagea | 2 anna « eloccl path or Oop ee } i 2eVO a Bo cia ebraie, sum) fio’ “hesy-Jakethe sgn into ORV exemple ¢ nolations he, fake He Syn is diye Vas =U sels] Veg =~ M rotosaf 7s applying KVLE j = : Vig <4 Na=0 grand thet | Vg eVinve [ee note, va +o ; ‘ FYsltege ab pink“ w.rto) Wyo? roe ae as high, potenti Pinkeaep of ve Coles grown (wich § rola ° Vjs <0 => node j is ad: 0 higher poleaiag o WaMu = eee a vhon node i. which elemenls are in series 7 Ewe dont huve a numerical value for Vijs dihich elements one in parallel 7 wun, by convention , jf is eosvmed hab write Aha KVL egualionaf ring ode i is at @ higher polential Thon node i) Men? iy it e@ example } voltage sourced in Seriey — 7 rE Yob tr % fe pt (erigined cht) © notion of equivalence ¢ if a set of ,ofemey A can pe, replacert by anolhor. seb, without ‘changing fhe voltage avd cwureat choractereistics oF he, overall circuit, then theae wo sels ore. said to be aquivalent, 6 equivalent reaislance. for series vesiolors (KVL Ohm's Caw) > VEVt, — Gil; V4 V+ Vy =O origin ekhs yy a O) ofp cht + va . Foe te qyinelt t © Tl 000, g, ee ‘ 42 \y of) v-n) 7 =[B_\y )”= (etm) aie, te volloge foal aerpss each resislor is | in. pooper Gion to its aon resistance wr to their epuivalent reviolance 09.) by tuning, Re, we can adjuak Vz a we "l im © ioe "8 ta — This is a voltage. hividlew circuit — often implemented using o potentioncler his analysis con be extented ts arbitrary number fei in series, eKeL: (bance on the anservithion of change) — the obgeloraic, sum of- cwrents entiviny a rode. ia Zor, a i angel, ei bin node ig taken 00 positive, Hen ny Ho. rode. lool be negative, (anch vice vera) —~ I pnainisleipeopsesststnistsinin sb xb | “bh } -—0 ine a ideal, cxrnend cruvce proclicell cunout Ty (R=) aoe eh poe | be ae 5 sual DO vollage practical DC vale Sovare, Sonee Bo) © example + current soweens ay parallel @ ryuiralonl, resistance hor pocablel resiclors (KCL + Ohm's bras) 3 ml, al i 1 v V Py od it) 1) Corigiral (yur cht V = GR) =I,Re (Ohn's baw) Y= rey i ean t=h+z, (ket) ot -¥ fell [peel rine conll im smelter Than the Cmollect reaizler vale ak < wa (Bonk). © Curent divrdors ' re t= =U)! Lh=g: (% I 2 wole covwrt in divided Vhrragh dhe. cbfforout branches Ine jruvorae_proporlean, 0h their bronch, reaiclances . Lea praport @5| aa al o D Res # qe ae att af 5; 2 vole: Jn onilgts Can be exdented fo arbitrary eumber of revilins in parallel, @ ground : iy ded toa lage ey ground Croxt of § f fs lap wir dy is ‘stnds) d to J = cireail ground (a pri of Ebr 7 a common point = chassis ground in @ Cirewil (when the chassis acts av & 7 @ applications : —seried eouneetions + amet binvbin chrisinas Ushding, (in oath sivy) o — psrallel connecliowo ¢ autapeh ke, Lighbin reuidlential woirlaghe ° troubleshooting : teak for ea brawls shor cong across Ue open r see. bon el fowl =p 1<0, ol some ol igayoar) bi yy vores ps l igh Li hb Gall => Tra > Ismet Ge Coady ate ach opal acallel chk (eg bulb ) ; i, bopveale (G0 es ea fell > da C Iameas 3 pet teas wall nob ape Cire) 200, OO, Gran < Grp» Prue > ork okt: bath peers pune BF The a cirmecte lade a . ae Agi Traut Fabs i cp re PRE xf te fh jem Hf Ri $R Reo Feat of, open hb Foudl of) Lt is oft, open ce ah ie raul, (R° a Tigh Ye eee eee Eificoneaaae anaes poten : : Ry=00 ohorl hb baudl «BR en CRE fall of (&9) Elko) bach B means “A is much larger than B” Backcbin : ADO Meant i aie lr tan 8”

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