Asinkron Third Islam Ulil Albab

Name : Satria Duta Pradana

NIM : 21410650
1. Please explain the definition of Ijtihad
Ijtihad is a very important legal guideline in the formulation of Islamic law as an
effort to answer concrete humanitarian issues as well as the elaboration of the
Islamic conception in all its aspects. In addition to that, ijtihad is also one of the
things that solves the problem in the matter of the existence of Islam and the
disobedience of its adherents.

2. Please describe the legal basis of Ijtihad

The legal basis of Ijtihad is Al-Qur’an, Sunnah and Dalil Alqi

3. Please elaborate on the scope of Ijtihad

The Scope of Ijtihad is First, an event in which there is a text, but it is not clear and
definite enough or is dzanni. Which is where the nature of dzanni is a conjecture in
terms of history and dalalahnya. Second, the event that there is no text at all. This is
the field of ijtihad where mujtahids find a legal determination as a solution and a
way out of the problems faced by the people.

4. Please explain the methods of Ijtihad

 Ijma
is the agreement of all mujtahids in a mass after the death of the Prophet
SAW and is related to syar'a laws that are not found in the Qur'an and hadith.
 Istihsan
is the agreement of all mujtahids in a mass after the death of the Prophet
SAW and is related to syar'a laws that are not found in the Qur'an and hadith.
 Urf
is a word that has been known by the public and has been passed down from
generation to generation.
 Syar’u man qablana
is a word that has been known by the public and has been passed down from
generation to generation.
 Istishab
is a method that is carried out by establishing a pre-existing law until there
are arguments that change it.
 Saddzui dzariah
is something that is outwardly possible, but can lead to disobedience.
 Qaul Al-shahabi
is the opinion of the companions related to matters formulated after the
death of the Prophet SAW.
 Maslahah mursalah
 is a law that is based on a greater benefit than the exclusion of harm because
there is no argument for or against it.
 Qiyas
is a law about an event that is applied by comparing it with the law of other
events that have been determined according to the text.

5. Please explain why do the ijtihad necessarily exist?

The development of fiqh is very important to do because it involves legal issues and the
livelihoods of many people. So the position of Islamic law in positive law should be clear,
that the values of Islamic law are certainly able to color and adapt to the positive law of a
country. Therefore, fiqh must be required to be able to adapt to the legal system in force in
Indonesia

6. Please explain the conditions for mujtahid!

A faqih who will perform ijtihad must meet the criteria to achieve the degree of
mujtahid. In general are: understand the knowledge of the Qur'an and Sunnah as
well as legal texts in in it, know the methods of legal discovery, master the
language Arabic, and several other conditions.

7. Please explain the legal status for doing Ijtihad

 Fardu 'ain to perform ijtihad for his own case and he must practice the results
of his own ijtihad.
 Fardu 'ain is also to answer problems that do not yet have a law. And if it is
not answered, it is feared that there will be a mistake in implementing the
law, and the time will run out to find out about the incident.
 Fardu kifayah if the problem presented to him is not worried that he will run
out of time, or there are other mujtahids who have met the conditions.
 Punished by the sunnah, if ijtihad against a new problem, whether asked or
not.
 The ruling is Haram against ijtihad that has been determined by qati' because
it is contrary to syar'a'.