EX1: IMPLEMENTATION OF LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL

AMPLIFIER

Objective:
To design and experimentally verify linear characteristics of operational amplifier using
IC µA741C.

Problem Statement:

1. a). Design an inverting amplifier with a gain of 10 and an input impedance of 15 kΩ for
the circuit of Figure 1.1a. (Choose suitable sinusoidal signal as input)
b). Design a non- inverting amplifier with a gain of 26dB and an input impedance of 47kΩ
for the circuit of Figure 1.1b.
2. Design and implement the summing amplifier circuit shown in Figure 1.2 as per the given
specifications. The input DC voltages available are +1 V and -2 V. The input impedance
of the input channels is approximately 2 KΩ and 4 KΩ.
3. Design a simple difference amplifier with an input impedance of 10 kΩ per leg, and a
voltage gain of 26 dB for the circuit shown in Figure 1.3.
4. Design a voltage follower (ideally infinite Zin and a voltage gain of 1.

Figure 1.1a Figure 1.1b Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3

Pre-Lab Questions
1. An amplifier has a power gain of 800. What is the decibel power gain?
2. An amplifier has an output signal of 2 V for an input of 50 mV. What is the voltage gain
in decibel? First find the ordinary gain.
3. An amplifier has a gain of 26 dB. If the input signal is 10 mV, what is the output?
4. What are the input impedance and gain of the circuit in Figure 1.4?
5. What are the input impedance and gain of the circuit in the Figure 1.5?
6. Determine the input impedance and output voltage for the circuit shown in figure 1.6.

Figure 1.4 Figure 1.5 Figure 1.6

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Problem Description:

1. From the problem statement it is understood that this experiment is aimed at constructing
various application circuits for analyzing the linear behavior of IC741 op- amp.
2. The circuits used for demonstration purpose are inverting amplifier, non-inverting
amplifier, voltage follower, summing amplifier and differential amplifier.
3. As per the given specifications, the required external components are identified. By using
the design procedure based on the theory, the values of the components are determined.

Design: (Left side of Observation Note book)

Design is the process of identifying and determining the components with required values to
implement the given circuits specified in the problem statement.

Design steps: (Sample)

1. Write the input-output equation of the given circuit. (Mathematical model)
2. List the given parameters and variables.
3. Identify the required parameters/components.
4. Apply algebraic method to find the unknown values.

1) a. Inverting Amplifier: (Sample)

Figure 1.7: Inverting amplifier

Step 1: Mathematical model

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −(𝑅𝑓 ⁄𝑅in ) 𝑉in
Step 2: Given Parameters
Gain )= 10 and 𝑍in = 15𝐾Ω
Step 3: Required parameters/components

R in and R f

Determination of unknown values

A sinusoidal input of 2Vsin20𝜋𝑡 is chosen
From the theory for inverting amplifier, it is known that
𝑍in = 𝑅in Therefore 𝑅in = 15𝐾Ω
Step 4: Algebraic analysis
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 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 ⁄𝑉in = −(𝑅𝑓 ⁄𝑅in )
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = (𝑅𝑓 ⁄𝑅in )= 10

Therefore 𝑅𝑓 = 150𝐾Ω
Designed values: 𝑅in = 15𝐾Ω and 𝑅𝑓 = 150𝐾Ω
Checking the availability of components in the store:

Components required for implementation are checked for its availability in the store. Since
150𝐾Ω resistor is not available in the store and the problem is not giving any constraint in
𝑍in , the value of input resistance is chosen as 1𝐾Ω

Redesign (If required):(Left side of Observation Note book)

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = (𝑅𝑓 ⁄𝑅in )= 10
𝑅in = 1𝐾Ω Therefore 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝐾Ω

Redesigned values: 𝑅in = 1𝐾Ω and 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝐾Ω

1)b. Non-Inverting Amplifier: [Follow similar design steps given for 1)a]

Figure 1.8: Non-Inverting amplifier

2). Summing Amplifier: [Follow similar design steps given for 1) a]

Figure 1.9: Summing amplifier

3). Difference Amplifier [Follow similar design steps given for 1) a]

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 Figure 1.10: Difference amplifier

4). Voltage follower: [Follow similar design steps given for 1) a. ]

Figure 1.11: Voltage follower

Materials required: (Common to all the circuits)

Table 1.1 Materials required

S. No. Materials Specifications Quantity

Testing of components and equipments:

Test the components and equipments before using it to build the circuit.
Building the circuit on bread board:
(Procedure explained in the laboratory class should be outlined)

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Experimental Procedure:
1. For this experiment, the specified input is sinusoidal voltage ________ V of
frequency _____ Hz.
2. To generate the input signal , the function generator is used.
i. Switch ON the power to function generator
ii. Select the waveform type
iii. Set the specified voltage and frequency using voltage controls and
frequency controls provided in function generator.
iv. Switch OFF the power
3. By using the probe connect the output of the function generator to input terminal
of the circuit developed in the bread board.
4. Connect the output terminals of the circuit from bread board to DSO using suitable
probe.
i. Connect the output of the circuit to any one of the channels in DSO
ii. Switch on the power to function generator and DSO
iii. Under ‘measure’ select the appropriate channel and the type of
measurements (time period, frequency, etc.)
iv. Use ‘autoscale’ to follow up signal automatically even if the signal changes
at anytime
5. Tabulate the observed readings.

Observations (Tables and Graphs):

1. a.Inverting Amplifier:

Table 1.2 Inverting amplifier circuit observations

Input voltage
Sl.No. Output Voltage (V)
(V)

Model Graph:

Figure 1.12: Model graph for Inverting amplifier

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1. b.Non-inverting Amplifier:

Table 1.3 Non-inverting amplifier circuit observations

Input voltage
Sl.No. Output Voltage (V)
(V)

Model Graph:

Figure 1.13: Model graph for non- inverting amplifier

2. Summing Amplifier:

Table 1.4 Summing amplifier circuit observations

Input voltages
(V)
Sl.No. Output Voltage (V)
𝑉2
𝑉1

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Model Graph:

Figure 1.14: Model graph for summing amplifier

3. Difference Amplifier:

Table 1.5 Difference amplifier circuit observations

Input voltages
(V)
Sl.No. Output Voltage (V)
𝑉2
𝑉1

Model Graph:

Figure 1.15: Model graph for difference amplifier

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4.Voltage follower:

Table 1.6 Voltage follower circuit observations

Input voltage
Sl.No. Output Voltage (V)
(V)

Model Graph:

Figure 1.16: Model graph for voltage follower

Faults identified and troubleshooting:

[Write the problems encountered while conducting the experiment and the actions taken to
solve the issues]

Inference:
[Analyze the experimental results and write the inference about linear characteristics of op-
amp]

Conclusion (Learning outcomes):

[Write the learning outcomes after completing this experiment]

Post lab questions: [For getting faculty signature, answering post lab questions (concepts
learnt through execution of experiment) is mandatory]

********** END **********

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