Selina Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE Solutions For Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers

CHAPTER-1-RATIONAL NUMBERS
EXERCISE 1(A)
1.(i)
Solution:
−5 3
and
8 8
When denominator of two rational numbers is same, then the L.C.M

is equal to denominator and only numerators are added.
−5 3 −5 + 3
+ =
8 8 8
−2
=
8
−1
=
4
−1
Therefore the addition of the two rational numbers is , as the sum
4
p
is also in form where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0 .
q
(ii)
Solution:
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−8 −4
and
13 13
−8 −4 −8 + ( −4 )
+ =
13 13 13
−8 − 4
=
13
−12
=
13
−12
Therefore the addition of the two rational numbers is , as the
13
p
sum is also in form where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0 .
q
(iii)
Solution:
6 −9
and
11 11
6 −9 6 + ( −9 )
+ =
11 11 11
6−9
=
11
−3
=
11

−3
11
p
q
(iv)
Solution:
5 8
and
−26 39
When denominator of two rational numbers is different, then the

L.C.M of denominator is taken.
L.C.M of 26 and 39 is 78 .
5 8 −5 8
+ = +
−26 39 26 39
−5 × 3 8 × 2
= +
26 × 3 39 × 2
−15 16
= +
78 78
−15 + 16
=
78
1
=
78

1
78
p
q
(v)
Solution:
5 2
and
−6 3
L.C.M of 6 and 3 is 6 .
5 2 −5 2
+ = +
−6 3 6 3
−5 2 × 2
= +
6 3× 2
−5 4
= +
6 6
−5 + 4
=
6
−1
=
6
−1
6
p
q
(vi)
Solution:
2
−2 and
5
−2
The rational number −2 can be written as
1
2 −2 2
−2 + = +
5 1 5
−2 × 5 2
= +
1× 5 5
−10 2
= +
5 5
−10 + 2
=
5
−8
=
5
−8
5
p
q
(vii)
Solution:
9 −3
and
−4 8

9 −3 −9 −3
+ = +
−4 8 4 8
−9 × 2 −3
= +
4× 2 8
−18 −3
= +
8 8
−18 − 3
=
8
−21
=
8
−21
8
p
q
(viii)
Solution:
7 8
and
−18 27
L.C.M of 18 and 27 is 54 .

7 8 −7 8
+ = +
−18 27 18 27
−7 × 3 8 × 2
= +
18 × 3 27 × 2
−21 16
= +
54 54
−21 + 16
=
54
−5
=
54
−5
54
p
q
2. (i)
Solution:
5 −7
+
9 6

5 −7 5 × 2 −7 × 3
+ = +
9 6 9× 2 6×3
10 −21
= +
18 18
10 − 21
=
18
−11
=
18
5 −7 −11
Therefore the value of + is .
9 6 18
(ii)
Solution:
3
4+
−5
4
The rational number 4 can be written as
1
L.C.M of 1 and 5 is −5 .

3 4 −3
4+ = +
−5 1 5
4 × 5 −3
= +
1× 5 5
20 −3
= +
5 5
20 − 3
=
5
17
=
5
3 17
Therefore the value of 4 + is .
−5 5
(iii)
Solution:
1 5
+
−15 −12
L.C.M of 15 and 12 is 60 .

1 5 −1 −5
+ = +
−15 −12 15 12
−1× 4 −5 × 5
= +
15 × 4 12 × 5
−4 −25
= +
60 60
−4 − 25
=
60
−29
=
60
1 5 −29
−15 −12 60
(iv)
Solution:
5 3
+
9 −4

5 3 5 −3
+ = +
9 −4 9 4
5 × 4 −3 × 9
= +
9× 4 4×9
20 −27
= +
36 36
20 − 27
=
36
−7
=
36
5 3 −7
9 −4 36
(v)
Solution:
−8 −5
+
9 12

−8 −5 −8 −5
+ = +
9 12 9 12
−8 × 4 −5 × 3
= +
9 × 4 12 × 3
−32 −15
= +
36 36
−32 − 15
=
36
−47
=
36
−8 −5 −47
9 12 36
(vi)
Solution:
−2
0+
7
0
1

−2 0 −2
0+ = +
7 1 7
0 × 7 −2
= +
1× 7 7
0 −2
= +
7 7
0−2
=
7
−2
=
7
−2 −2
7 7
(vii)
Solution:
5
+0
−11
0
1
L.C.M of 1 and 11is 11 .

5 5 0
+ 0 =− +
−11 11 1
5 0 × 11
= − +
11 1× 11
5 0
= − +
11 11
−5
=
11
5 −5
Therefore the value of + 0 is .
−11 11
(viii)
Solution:
−3
2+
5
2
1

−3 2 −3
2+ = +
5 1 5
2 × 5 −3
= +
1× 5 5
10 −3
= +
5 5
10 − 3
=
5
7
=
5
−3 7
5 5
(ix)
Solution:
4
+1
−9
1
1

4 −4 1
+ 1= +
−9 9 1
−4 1× 9
= +
9 1× 9
−4 9
= +
9 9
−4 + 9
=
9
5
=
9
4 5
Therefore the value of + 1 is .
−9 9
3. (i)
Solution:
3 −4 −11 7
+ + +
7 9 7 9
Rearrange the above rational number and group them in such a way
that each group has rational numbers with same denominator.
 3 −11   −4 7  3 − 11 −4 + 7
 + + + = +
 7 7   9 9  7 9
−8 3
= +
7 9

−8 3 −8 × 9 3 × 7
+= +
7 9 7×9 9×7
−72 21
= +
63 63
−72 + 21
=
63
−51
=
63
−17
=
21
3 −4 −11 7 −17
Therefore, the value of + + + is .
7 9 7 9 21
(ii)
Solution:
2 −4 1 2
+ + +
3 5 3 5
Rearrange the above rational number .

 2 1   −4 2  2 + 1 −4 + 2
 + + + = +
 3 3  5 5 3 5
3 −2
= +
3 5
1 2
= −
1 5

1 2 1× 5 2
− = −
1 5 1× 5 5
5 2
= −
5 5
5−2
=
5
3
=
5
2 −4 1 2 3
Therefore, the value of + + + is .
3 5 3 5 5
(iii)
Solution:
4 −8 −13 17
+0+ + +
7 9 7 9
Rearrange the above rational number.
 4 −13   −8 17  4 − 13 −8 + 17
 + +
  +  +
= 0 +
7 7   9 9 7 9
−9 9
= +
7 9
−9 1
= +
7 1

−9 1 −9 1× 7
+ = +
7 1 7 1× 7
−9 7
= +
7 7
−9 + 7
=
7
−2
=
7
4 −8 −13 17 −2
Therefore, the value of +0+ + + is .
7 9 7 9 7
(iv)
Solution:
3 −5 3 3 −5 −2
+ + + + +
8 12 7 12 8 7
 3 −5   3 −2   −5 3  3 − 5 3 − 2 −5 + 3
 + + + + +  = + +
 8 8   7 7   12 12  8 7 12
−2 1 −2
= + +
8 7 12
−1 1 −1
= + +
4 7 6
L.C.M of 4 , 7 and 6 is 84 .

−1 1 −1 −1× 21 1× 12 −1× 14
+ += + +
4 7 6 4 × 21 7 × 12 6 × 14
−21 12 14
= + −
84 84 84
−21 + 12 − 14
=
84
−23
=
84
3 −5 3 3 −5 −2 −23
Therefore, the value of + + + + + is .
8 12 7 12 8 7 84
4. (i)
Solution:
−8 5
and
7 14
To verify commutative property for the addition of rational number

show that
−8 5 5 −8
+ = +
7 14 14 7
Solve L.H.S.
−8 5 −8 × 2 5
+ = +
7 14 7 × 2 14
−16 5 −16 + 5 −11
= + = =
14 14 14 14
Solve R.H.S.
5 −8 5 −8 × 2
+ = +
14 7 14 7 × 2
5 −16 5 − 16 −11
= + = =
14 14 14 14
−8 5 5 −8
Since + = + , this verifies the commutative property for
7 14 14 7
the addition of rational numbers.
(ii)
Solution:
5 5
and
9 −12

show that
5 5 5 5
+ = +
9 −12 −12 9
Solve L.H.S.

5 5 5 −5
+ =+
9 −12 9 12
5 × 4 −5 × 3
= +
9 × 4 12 × 3
20 −15 20 − 15 5
= + = =
36 36 36 36
Solve R.H.S.
5 5 −5 × 3 5 × 4
+= +
−12 9 12 × 3 9 × 4
−15 20 −15 + 20 5
= + = =
36 36 36 36
5 5 5 5
9 −12 −12 9
(iii)
Solution:
−4 −13
and
5 −15

show that
−4 −13 −13 −4
+ = +
5 −15 −15 5
Solve L.H.S.
−4 −13 −4 13
+ = +
5 −15 5 15
−4 × 3 13
= +
5 × 3 15
−12 13 −12 + 13 1
= + = =
15 15 15 15
Solve R.H.S.
−13 −4 13 −4
+ = +
−15 5 15 5
13 −4 × 3
= +
15 5 × 3
13 −12 13 − 12 1
= + = =
15 15 15 15
−4 −13 −13 −4
Since + = + , this verifies the commutative property
5 −15 −15 5
for the addition of rational numbers.
(iv)
Solution:
2 11
and
−5 −15

show that
2 11 11 2
+ = +
−5 −15 −15 −5

Solve L.H.S.
2 11 −2 −11
+ = +
−5 −15 5 15
−2 × 3 11
= −
5 × 3 15
−6 11 −6 − 11 −17
= − = =
15 15 15 15
Solve R.H.S.
11 2 −11 −2
+ = +
−15 −5 15 5
11 −2 × 3
= − +
15 5 × 3
11 6 −11 − 6 −17
= − − = =
15 15 15 15
2 11 11 2
Since + = + , this verifies the commutative property
−5 −15 −15 −5
for the addition of rational numbers.
(v)
Solution:
−2
3 and
7

show that
3 −2 −2 3
+ = +
1 7 7 1
Solve L.H.S.
3 −2 3 × 7 −2
+ = +
1 7 1× 7 7
21 2 21 − 2 19
= − = =
7 7 7 7
Solve R.H.S.
−2 3 −2 3 × 7
+ = +
7 1 7 1× 7
2 21 −2 + 21 19
=− + = =
7 7 7 7
3 −2 −2 3
1 7 7 1
(vi)
Solution:
3
−2 and
−5

show that
−2 3 3 −2
+ = +
1 −5 −5 1
Solve L.H.S.
−2 3 −2 −3
+ = +
1 −5 1 5
−2 × 5 −3
= +
1× 5 5
−10 3 −10 − 3 −13
= − = =
5 5 5 5
Solve R.H.S.
3 −2 −3 −2
+ = +
−5 1 5 1
−3 −2 × 5
= +
5 1× 5
−3 10 −3 − 10 −13
= − = =
5 5 5 5
−2 3 3 −2
1 −5 −5 1
5. (i)
Solution:
1 2 1
, and −
2 3 6
To verify associative property for the addition of rational number

show that
1  2 −1   1 2  −1
+ +  =  + +
2 3 6  2 3 6
L.C.M of 2, 3 and 6 is 6.
Solve L.H.S.
1  2 −1  1  2 × 2 −1 
+ +  = + + 
2  3 6  2  3× 2 6 
1  4 −1 
= + + 
2 6 6 
1  4 −1  1 3 1 1
= + = + = +
2  6  2 6 2 2
1+1 2
= = = 1
2 2
Solve R.H.S.

 1 2  −1  1× 3 2 × 2  −1
 + + =  + +
 2 3  6  2 × 3 3× 2  6
 3 4  −1
= + +
6 6 6
 3 + 4  −1 7 1 7 − 1
= + = − =
 6  6 6 6 6
6
= = 1
6
1  2 −1   1 2  −1
Since +  +  =  +  + , this verifies the associative
2 3 6  2 3 6
property for the addition of rational numbers.
(ii)
Solution:
−2 4 7
, and −
5 15 10

show that
−2  4 −7   −2 4  −7
+ +  =  + +
5  15 10   5 15  10
Solve L.H.S.

−2  4 −7  −2  4 × 2 −7 × 3 
+ +  = + +  L.C.M of 5,15 and10 is 30.
5  15 10  5  15 × 2 10 × 3 
−2  8 −21  −2  8 − 21  −2 −13
= + + = + = +
5  30 30  5  30  5 30
−2 × 6 −13 −12 −13 −12 − 13
= + = + =
5× 6 30 30 30 30
−25 −5
= =
30 6
Solve R.H.S.
 −2 4  −7  −2 × 3 4  −7
 + + =  + + L.C.M of 5 and15 is 15.
 5 15  10  5 × 3 15  10
 −6 4  −7  −6 + 4  −7 −2 −7
= + + = + = +
 15 15  10  15  10 15 10
−2 −7 −2 × 2 −7 × 3 −4 −21
= + = + = +
15 10 15 × 2 10 × 3 30 30
−4 − 21
= L.C.M of 15 and10 is 30
30
−25 −5
= =
30 6
−2  4 −7   −2 4  −7
5  15 10   5 15  10
(iii)
Solution:
−7 2 −5
, and
9 −3 18

show that
−7  2 −5   −7 2  −5
+ +  =  + +
9  −3 18   9 −3  18
Solve L.H.S.
−7  2 −5  −7  −2 × 6 −5 
+ +  = + +  L.C.M of 9,3 and18 is 18.
9  −3 18  9  3 × 6 18 
−7  −12 −5  −7 −17
= + + = +
9  18 18  9 18
−7 × 2 −17 −14 −17
= + = +
9× 2 18 18 18
−31
=
18
Solve R.H.S.

 −7 2  −5  −7 −2 × 3  −5
 + + =  + + L.C.M of 9 and 3is 9.
 9 −3  18  9 3 × 3  18
 −7 −6  −5 −13 −5
= + + = +
 9 9  18 9 18
−13 × 2 −5 −26 −5
= + = + L.C.M of 9 and18 is 18.
9× 2 18 18 18
−31
=
18
−7  2 −5   −7 2  −5
Since + +  =  +  + , this verifies the associative
9  −3 18   9 −3  18
(iv)
Solution:
5 −2
−1, and
6 3
1
The rational no 1 can be written as .
1

show that
−1  5 −2   −1 5  −2
+ +  =  + +
1 6 3   1 6 3
Solve L.H.S.

−1  5 −2  −1  5 −2 × 2 
+ +  = + +  L.C.M of 1, 6 and 3 is 6.
1  6 3  1  6 3× 2 
−1  5 −4  −1 1
= + + = +
1 6 6  1 6
−1× 6 1 −6 1
= + = +
1× 6 6 6 6
−5
=
6
Solve R.H.S.
 −1 5  −2  −1× 6 5  −2
 + + =  + + L.C.M of 1, 6 and 3 is 6.
 1 6  3  1 × 6 6  3
 −1× 6 5  −2  −6 5  −2
= + + =  + +
 1× 6 6  3  6 6  3
−1 −2 −1 −2 × 2 −1 −4
= + = + = +
6 3 6 3× 2 6 6
−5
=
6
−1  5 −2   −1 5  −2
1 6 3   1 6 3
6. (i)
Solution:
−3
8

The negative of a rational number is called its additive inverse. The
a a
additive inverse of is −
b b
−3  3 3
The value of additive inverse of is −  −  =
8  8 8
−3 3
Therefore, the additive inverse of is .
8 8
(ii)
Solution:
4
−9
−4  4 4
9  9 9
4 4
−9 9
(iii)
Solution:
−7
5
−7  7 7
5  5 5
−7 7
5 5
(iv)
Solution:

−4
−13
−4 4
Rational number can be written as .
−13 13
4 4 4
The value of additive inverse of is −   = −
13  13  13
4 4
Therefore, the additive inverse of is − .
13 13
(v)
Solution:
0
The value of additive inverse of 0 is 0 .
(vi)
Solution:
−2
−2
Rational number −2 can be written as .
1
−2  2 2
1  1 1
Therefore, the additive inverse of −2 is 2 .
(vii)
Solution:
1

The value of additive inverse of 1 is − (1) =
−1
Therefore, the additive inverse of 1 is −1.
(viii)
Solution:
1
−
3
1  1 1
The value of additive inverse of − is −  −  =
3  3 3
1 1
Therefore, the additive inverse of − is .
3 3
(ix)
Solution:
−3
1
−3  −3  3
The value of additive inverse of is −   =
1  1  1
−3
Therefore, the additive inverse of is 3 .
1
7. (i)
Solution:
−5
−12
The negative of a rational number is called its additive inverse. The
a a
additive inverse of is −
b b

−5 5
Rational number can be written as .
−12 12
−5 5 5
The value of additive inverse of is −   = −
−12  12  12
−5 5
Therefore, the additive inverse of is − .
−12 12
(ii)
Solution:
−5
+ its additive inverse
−12
The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse is equal to

additive identity.
Additive identity of rational number is 0.
−5  5 
+−  =
−12  12 
5 5
− = 0
12 12
−5
Therefore, the value of + its additive inverse is 0 .
−12
(iii)
Solution:

a −c c
If is the additive inverse of , then − is additive inverse of
b d d
a
.
b
As additive inverse of the rational number is the negative of that

rational number.
(iv)
Solution:
a −c −c a
+ = + =
b d d b
The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse is equal to

additive identity.
Additive identity of rational number is 0.
a −c a −c −c a
As is the additive inverse of so, + = + = 0.
b d b d d b
8. (i)
Solution:
7 7+5
=
9 9+5
This expression is false because,

7 + 5 12
=
9 + 5 14
6
=
7
7
It is not equal to , therefore the expression is false.
9
(ii)
Solution:
7 7−5
=
9 9−5
This expression is false because,

7−5 2
=
9−5 4
1
=
2
7
It is not equal to , therefore the expression is false.
9
(iii)
Solution:
7 7×5
=
9 9×5
This expression is true because,

7 × 5 35
=
9 × 5 45
7
=
9
7
It is equal to , therefore the expression is true.
9
(iv)
Solution:
7 7 ÷5
=
9 9÷5
This expression is true because,

7 ÷5 7×5
=
9 ÷5 9×5
35 7
= =
45 9
7
It is equal to , therefore the expression is true.
9
(v)
Solution:
−5
is a negative rational number.
−12
−5
The statement is false because is a positive rational number.
−12
−5 5
=
− 12 12
It is a positive rational number, therefore, it is false.
(vi)
Solution:
−13 −25
is smaller than
25 13
L.C.M of 25 and 13 is 325 .

To compare the rational number, make there denominator equal.
−13 × 13 −169 −25 × 25 −625

= and =
25 × 13 325 13 × 25 325
In negative rational number, greater the numerator, smaller will be

the value so, the above expression is false as:
−25 −13
is smaller than .
13 25

EXERCISE 1(B)
1.(i)
Solution:
2 4
−
3 5
L.C.M of 3, 5 is 15.
2 4 2×5 4×3
−= −
3 5 3× 5 5× 3
10 12
= −
15 15
10 − 12
=
15
−2
=
15
2 4 −2
Therefore the value of − is .
3 5 15
(ii)
Solution:

−4 2
−
9 −3
L.C.M of 3 and 9 is 9.
−4 2 −4 −2 × 3
− = −
9 −3 9 3× 3
−4 −6
= −
9 9
−4 − ( −6 )
=
9
−4 + 6
=
9
2
=
9
−4 2 2
9 −3 9
(iii)
Solution:
4
−1 −
9

−1 4 −1× 9 4
−= −
1 9 1× 9 9
−9 4
= −
9 9
−9 − 4
=
9
−13
=
9
4 −13
Therefore the value of −1 − is .
9 9
(iv)
Solution:
−2 3
−
7 −14

−2  3  −2 3
−  =+
7  −14  7 14
−2 × 2 3
= +
7 × 2 14
−4 3
= +
14 14
−4 + 3
=
14
−1
=
14
−2 3 −1
7 −14 14
(v)
Solution:
−5 −2
−
18 9

−5  −2  −5 2
−  = +
18  9  18 9
−5 2 × 2
= +
18 9 × 2
−5 4
= +
18 18
−5 + 4
=
18
−1
=
18
−5 −2 −1
18 9 18
(vi)
Solution:
5 −13
−
21 42

5  −13  5 13
−  =+
21  42  21 42
5 × 2 13
= +
21× 2 42
10 13
= +
42 42
23
=
42
5 −13 23
21 42 42
2. (i)
Solution:
5 −3
from
8 8
When denominator of two rational numbers is same, then the L.C.M
is equal to denominator and only numerators are subtracted.
−3 5 −3 − 5
− =
8 8 8
−8
=
8
= −1
−3 5
Therefore, the difference between and is −1 .
8 8
(ii)
Solution:
−8 4
from
11 11
4  −8  4 8
−  =+
11  11  11 11
4+8
=
11
12
=
11
−8 4 12
Therefore, the difference between and is .
11 11 11
(iii)
Solution:
4 −5
from
9 9
−5 4 −5 − 4
− =
9 9 9
−9
=
9
= −1

4 −5
Therefore, the difference between and is −1 .
9 9
(iv)
Solution:
1 −3
from
4 8
−3 1 −3 1× 2
− = −
8 4 8 4× 2
−3 2
= −
8 8
−3 − 2
=
8
−5
=
8
1 −3 5
Therefore, the difference between and is − .
4 8 8
(v)
Solution:
−5 −13
from
8 16
−13  −5  −13 5 × 2
−  = +
16  8  16 8 × 2
−13 10
= +
16 16
−13 + 10
=
16
−3
=
16
−5 −13 −3
8 16 16
(vi)
Solution:
−9 5
from
22 33

5  −9  5 9
−  = +
33  22  33 22
5× 2 9×3
= +
33 × 2 22 × 3
10 27
= +
66 66
10 + 27
=
66
37
=
66
−9 5 37
22 33 66
3.
Solution:
Let the other rational number be x .
2 9
x+ =
5 20
9 2
x
= − ( L.C.M of 5and 20 is 20 )
20 5
9 2× 4
x
= −
20 5 × 4
9 8
x
= −
20 20
1
x=
20
1
Therefore, the other rational number is .
20
4.
Solution:
 −8  −2
x+  =
 15  3
8 −2
x− =
15 3
−2 8
=x + ( L.C.M of 15and 3 is15 )
3 15
−2 × 5 8
= x +
3 × 5 15
−10 8
= x +
15 15
−2
x=
15
−2
15
5.
Solution:

 −8  −6
x+  =
 5  1
8 −6
x− =
5 1
−6 8
= x + ( L.C.M of 1and 5 is5 )
1 5
−6 × 5 8
= x +
1× 5 5
−30 8
= x +
5 5
−22
x=
5
−22
5
6.
Solution:
Let the rational number be x .

 −7  5
x+  =
 8  9
7 5
x− =
8 9
5 7
x= + ( L.C.M of 8and 9 is 72 )
9 8
5×8 7 × 9
= x +
9×8 8× 9
40 63
=x +
72 72
103 31
= x = 1
72 72
31
Therefore, the other rational number is 1 .
72
7.
Solution:

 −5  −2
x+  =
 9  3
5 −2
x− =
9 3
−2 5
= x + ( L.C.M of 3and 9is9 )
3 9
−2 × 3 5
= x +
3× 3 9
−6 5
= x +
9 9
−6 + 5
x=
9
−1
=
9
−1
9
8.
Solution:
−5
Let x should be subtracted from .
6

−5 4
−x=
6 9
−5 4
x
= − ( L.C.M of 6and 9is18)
6 9
−5 × 3 4 × 2
= −
6×3 9× 2
−15 8
= −
18 18
−15 − 8
=
18
−23
=
18
−23
18
9. (i)
Solution:
Let x should be subtracted from −2 .

2 3
− −x=
1 8
2 3
x =− − ( L.C.M of 1and8is8)
1 8
2×8 3
= − −
1× 8 8
−16 3
= −
8 8
−16 − 3
=
8
−19
=
8
−19
8
(ii)
Solution:

2 3
− +x=
1 8
3 2
x= + ( L.C.M of 1and8is8)
8 1
3 2×8
= +
8 1× 8
3 16
= +
8 8
3 + 16
=
8
19
=
8
19
8
10. (i)
Solution:
3 −4 −11 7
+ − −
7 9 7 9
Rearrange the above rational number and group them in such a way
that each group has rational numbers with same denominator.

 3 −11   −4 7  3 + 11 −4 − 7
 − + − = +
7 7   9 9 7 9
14 −11
= +
7 9
14 −11 14 × 9 −11× 7
+ = +
7 9 7×9 9×7
126 −77
= +
63 63
126 − 77
=
63
49
=
63
7
=
9
3 −4 −11 7 7
Therefore, the value of + − − is .
7 9 7 9 9
(ii)
Solution:
2 −4 1 2
+ − −
3 5 3 5

Rearrange the above rational number .
 2 1   −4 2  2 − 1 −4 − 2
 − + − = +
 3 3   5 5  3 5
1 −6
= +
3 5
1 6
= −
3 5
1 6 1× 5 6 × 3
−= −
3 5 3 5 5× 3
×
5 18
= −
15 15
5 − 18
=
15
−13
=
15
2 −4 1 2 −13
Therefore, the value of + − − is .
3 5 3 5 15
(iii)
Solution:

4 −8 −13 17
− − +
7 9 7 9
4 −8 −13 17
− − +
7 9 7 9
 4  −13    −8  17  4 13   8 17 
 7 −  7  −  9  + 9 =  7 + 7  +  9 + 9 
        
4 + 13 8 + 17
= +
7 9
17 25
= +
7 9
17 25 17 × 9 25 × 7
+ = +
7 9 7×9 9×7
153 175
= +
63 63
153 + 175
=
63
328
=
63
13
=5
63

4 −8 −13 17 13
Therefore, the value of − − + is 5 .
7 9 7 9 63

EXERCISE 1(C)
1. (i)
Solution:
−14 −6
×
5 7
−14 −6 −14 × ( −6 )
× =
5 7 5× 7
2×6
=
5 ×1
12
=
5
−14 −6 12
Therefore, the value of × is .
5 7 5
(ii)
Solution:
7 −18
×
6 91

7 −18 7 × −18
× =
6 91 6 × 91
7 × −18
=
6 × 91
7 × −3
=
91
−3
=
13
7 −18 −3
6 91 13
(iii)
Solution:
−125 9
×
72 −5
−125 9 125 × 9
× =
72 −5 72 × 5
25 × 1
=
8 ×1
25
=
8
−125 9 25
72 −5 8

(iv)
Solution:
−11 −51
×
9 −44
−11 −51 11× 51
× =
9 −44 9 × −44
1× 17
=
3 × −4
−17
=
12
−125 9 −17
72 −5 12
(v)
Solution:
−16 20
×
5 8
−16 20 −16 × 20
× =
5 8 5×8
−2 × 4
=
1× 1
= −8

−16 20
Therefore, the value of × is −8 .
5 8
2. (i)
Solution:
5 8
and
6 9
5 8 5×8
× =
6 9 6×9
5× 4
=
3× 9
20
=
27
5 8 20
6 9 27
(ii)
Solution:
2 −14
and
7 9

2 −14 2 × −14
× =
7 9 7×9
2 × −2
=
1× 9
−4
=
9
2 −14 −4
7 9 9
(iii)
Solution:
−7
and 4
8
−7 −7 × 4
×4 =
8 8 ×1
−7 × 1
=
2 ×1
−7
=
2
−7 −7
Therefore, the value of × 4 is .
8 2
(iv)

Solution:
36 −9
and
−7 28
36 −9 36 × −9
× =
−7 28 −7 × 28
9×9
=
7×7
81
=
49
36 −9 81
−7 28 49
(v)
Solution:
−7 −8
and
10 15
−7 −8 7×8
× =
10 15 10 × 15
7×4
=
5 × 15
28
=
75
−7 −8 28
10 15 75
(vi)
Solution:
3 −7
and
−2 3
3 −7 3 × 7
× =
−2 3 2 × 3
1× 7
=
2 ×1
7
=
2
3 −7 7
−2 3 2
3. (i)
Solution:
 2 5 5 3 
 × + × 
 −3 4   9 −10 

 2 5   5 3   2× 5   5× 3 
 × + × =   + 
 −3 4   9 −10   −3 × 4   9 × −10 
 −1× 5   −1× 1 
=  + 
 3 × 2   3× 2 
−5 1
= −
6 6
−6
= = −1
6
 2 5 5 3 
Therefore, the value of  ×  +  ×  is −1.
 −3 4   9 −10 
(ii)
Solution:
 1   −18 −7 
 2 × − × 
 4   7 15 

 1   −18 −7   2 × 1   18 × 7 
 2 × − × =   − 
 4   7 15   4   7 × 15 
 1× 1   6 × 1 
=  − 
 2   1× 5 
1 6
= − ( L.C.M of 2and 5is10 )
2 5
1× 5 6 × 2
= −
2× 5 5× 2
5 12 −7
= − =
10 10 10
 2 5 5 3  −7
Therefore, the value of  × + ×  is .
 −3 4   9 −10  10
(iii)
Solution:
 2  2
 −5 × −
  −6 × 
 15   9

 2  2   −5 × 2   −6 × 2 
 −5 × −
  −6
= ×   − 
 15   9   15   9 
 −1× 2   −2 × 2 
=  − 
 3   3 
−2 4
= +
3 3
−2 + 4
=
3
2
=
3
 2  2 2
Therefore, the value of  −5 ×  −  −6 ×  is .
 15   9 3
(iv)
Solution:
 8 −3   −3 9 
 × + × 
 5 2   10 16 

 8 −3   −3 9   8 × −3   −3 × 9 
 × + × =   + 
 5 2   10 16   5 × 2   10 × 16 
 −4 × 3   −3 × 9 
=  + 
 5 × 1   10 × 16 
−12 27
= −
5 160
−12 × 32 27
= −
5 × 32 160
−384 27
= −
160 160
−411
=
160
 8 −3   −3 9  −411
Therefore, the value of  ×  +  ×  is .
 5 2   10 16  160
4. (i)
Solution:
7
−5
7 7
×1 =
−5 −5
7 7
Therefore, when is multiplied by 1 value is .
−5 −5

(ii)
Solution:
−3
−4
−3 3
×1 =
−4 4
−3 3
−4 4
(iii)
Solution:
0
0 × 1 =0
Therefore, when 0 is multiplied by 1 value is 0 .
(iv)
Solution:
−8
13
−8 −8
×1 =
13 13
−8 −8
13 13
(v)
Solution:
−6
−7
−6 6
×1 =
−7 7
−6 6
−7 7
5. (i)
Solution:
−1 2
and
5 9
To verify commutative property for the multiplication of rational
number show that
−1 2 2 −1
× = ×
5 9 9 5
Solve L.H.S.

−1 2 −1× 2
× =
5 9 5× 9
−2
=
25
Solve R.H.S.
2 −1 2 × −1
× =
9 5 9×5
−2
=
45
−1 2 2 −1
Since × = × , this verifies the commutative property for the
5 9 9 5
multiplication of rational numbers.
(ii)
Solution:
5 13
and
−3 −11
number show that
5 13 13 5
× = ×
−3 −11 −11 −3
Solve L.H.S.

5 13 5 × 13
× =
−3 −11 −3 × −11
65
=
33
Solve R.H.S.
13 5 13 × 5
× =
−11 −3 −11× −3
65
=
33
5 13 13 5
Since × = × , this verifies the commutative property
−3 −11 −11 −3
for the multiplication of rational numbers.
(iii)
Solution:
−8
3and
9
number show that
−8 −8
3× = ×3
9 9
Solve L.H.S.

−8 3 × −8
3× =
9 9
1× −8 −8
= =
3 3
Solve R.H.S.
−8 −8 × 3
×3 =
9 9
−8 × 1 −8
= =
3 3
−8 −8
Since 3× = × 3 , this verifies the commutative property for the
9 9
(iv)
Solution:
12
0and
17
number show that
12 12
0× = ×0
17 17
Solve L.H.S.

12 0 × 12
0× =
17 17
0
= = 0
17
Solve R.H.S.
12 12 × 0
×0 =
17 17
0
= = 0
17
12 12
Since 0 × = × 0 , this verifies the commutative property for the
17 17
6. (i)
Solution:
5
The reciprocal of a rational number is called its multiplicative
inverse.
1
The multiplicative inverse of 5 is .
5
(ii)

Solution:
−3
inverse.
1
The multiplicative inverse of −3 is .
−3
(iii)
Solution:
5
11
inverse.
5 11
The multiplicative inverse of is .
11 5
(iv)
Solution:
−7
−8
inverse.
−7 7
can be simplified as
−8 8
−7 8
−8 7
(v)
Solution:
−8
−7
inverse.
−8 8
can be simplified as
−7 7
−8 7
−7 8
(vi)
Solution:
15
−17
inverse.
15 −17
−17 15
7. (i)
Solution:
3 2
×
5 3
inverse.
3 2 3× 2
× =
5 3 5× 3
2
=
5
3 2 5
The multiplicative inverse of × is .
5 3 2
(ii)
Solution:
−8 13
×
3 −7
inverse.

−8 13 −8 × 13
× =
3 −7 3 × −7
104
=
21
−8 13 21
3 −7 104
(iii)
Solution:
−3 −1
×
5 13
inverse.
−3 −1 −3 × −1
× =
5 13 5 × 13
3
=
65
−3 −1 3
5 13 65
8.
Solution:

Verify ( x + y ) × z = x × z + y × z
(i)
Solution:
4 −2
x= ,y=
− and z =
−4
5 3
 4  −2   4  −2 
+ −
 5  3  × ( −4 )= × −4 +  −  × −4
   5  3 
4 2 4 × ( −4 ) 2 × ( −4 )
 +  ×
= ( −4 ) +
5 3 5 3
L.C.M of 3, 5 is 15.
Solve L.H.S
4 2  4×3 2×5 
 +  × ( =
−4 )  +  × ( −4 )
 5 3   5 × 3 3 × 5 
 12 10  22
=  +  × ( −4 )= × ( −4 )
 15 15  15
22 × ( −4 ) −88
= =
15 15
Solve R.H.S

4 × ( −4 ) 2 × ( −4 ) 16 8
+ =
− −
5 3 5 3
16 × 3 8 × 5
=
− −
5× 3 3× 5
48 40 −88
=
− − =
15 15 15
Since L.H.S is equal to R.H.S, above expression is verified.
(ii)
Solution:
4 3
x 2,=
= y and=
z
5 −10
 4  3  3 4 3
 2 + ×
   = 2 × + ×
 5   −10  −10 5 −10
 4   −3  −2 × 3 4 × 3
 2 + × =  −
 5 10
   10 5 × 10
Solve L.H.S

 4   −3   2 × 5 4   −3 
 2 + × =   +  ×   ( L.C.M of 1and 5 is 5 )
 5   10   1× 5 5   10 
 10 4   −3 
=  + × 
 5 5   10 
14  −3 
=× 
5  10 
−42 −21
= =
50 25
Solve R.H.S
−2 × 3 4 × 3 −3 2 × 3
− = −
10 5 × 10 5 5 × 5
−3 6
= − ( L.C.M of 5and 25is 25 )
5 25
−3 × 5 6
= −
5 × 5 25
−15 6 −21
= − =
25 25 25
9.
Solution:
Verify x × ( y − z ) = x × y − x × z
(i)
Solution:
4 7
x= ,y=
− and z =
3
5 4
4  −7  4 −7 4
× − 3 = × − ×3
5  4  5 4 5
Solve L.H.S
4  −7  4  −7 3 × 4 
× − 3  =×  −  ( L.C.M of 1and 4 is 4 )
5  4  5  4 1× 4 
4  −7 12 
=×  − 
5  4 4
4  −19 
= × 
5  4 
4 × ( −19 ) −19
= =
5× 4 5
Solve R.H.S
4  −7  4 4 × ( −7 ) 4 × 3
×   −= ×3 −
5  4  5 5× 4 5
−7 12
= −
5 5
−19
=
5

(ii)
Solution:
3 8
x= , y = and z = −5
4 9
3 8  3 8 3
×  − ( −5 )  = × − × ( −5 )
4 9  4 9 4
Solve L.H.S
3 8  3 8 
×  − ( −5 )  = ×  + 5  ( L.C.M of 1and 9 is 9 )
4 9  4 9 
3  8 5× 9 
= × + 
4  9 1× 9 
3  8 45 
= × + 
4 9 9 
3 53 1× 53
= × =
4 9 4×3
53
=
12
Solve R.H.S

3 8 3 3 × 8 3 × ( −5 )
× − × ( −5=
) −
4 9 4 4×9 4
2 −15
= − ( L.C.M of 3and 4is12 )
3 4
2 × 4 −15 × 3
= −
3× 4 4×3
8 45 53
= + =
12 12 12
10. (i)
Solution:
3 −8 −8 3
× = ×
5 9 9 5
a c
According to commutative property, if and are two rational
b d
number then;
a c c a
× = ×
b d d b
Therefore, the above expression follows commutative property.
(ii)
Solution:
−3  5 −8   −3 5  −8
× ×  =  × ×
4  7 15   4 7  15
a c e
According to associative property, if , and are three rational
b d f
numbers then;
a  c e  a c e
× ×  = × ×
b d f  b d  f
Therefore, the above expression follows associative property.
(iii)
Solution:
4  3 −4  4 3 4 −4
× + = × + ×
5  −8 7  5 −8 5 7
The multiplication of rational number is distributive over their
addition or subtraction.
a c e
If , and are three rational numbers then:
b d f
a c e a c a e
× + = × + ×
b  d f  b d b f
Therefore, the above expression is distributive over their addition.

(iv)
Solution:
−7 5
× 1
=
5 −7
inverse.
The product of a rational number and its multiplicative inverse is
equal to multiplicative identity.
The value of multiplicative identity is 1.
a b
For a rational number , multiplicative inverse is such that:
b a
a b
× =1
b a
Therefore, the above expression shows that multiplicative inverse
of rational number exist.
(v)
Solution:
8 8 8
× 1 = 1× =
−9 −9 −9

a
For a rational number
b
a a a
× 1 = 1× =
b b b
Therefore, the above expression shows that multiplicative identity
of rational number exists.
11. (i)
Solution:
The product of two positive rational numbers is always positive.
This is multiplicative property; it states that when two positive
rational numbers are multiplied the result is always positive.
(ii)
Solution:
The product of two negative rational numbers is always positive.
−a −c
This is also multiplicative property; if and are two rational
b d
number then;
− a −c ac
× =
b d bd

(iii)
Solution:
If two rational numbers have opposite signs then their product is
always negative.
−a c
This is multiplicative property; if and are two rational number
b d
then;
− a c − ac
× =
b d bd
(iv)
Solution:
The reciprocal of a positive rational number is positive and the
reciprocal of a negative rational number is negative.
a b
For a rational number , reciprocal is and for a rational number
b a
−a −b
, reciprocal is .
b a
(v)
Solution:

1
Rational number 0 has no reciprocal because is not defined.
0
(vi)
Solution:
The product of rational number and its reciprocal is 1.
inverse.
The product of a rational number and its multiplicative inverse is
equal to multiplicative identity.
a b
For a rational number , multiplicative inverse is such that:
b a
a b
× =1
b a
(vii)
Solution:
The numbers 1 and -1 are their own reciprocals.
Reciprocal of 1 is 1 and reciprocal of -1 is -1.

(viii)
Solution:
If m is reciprocal of n , then the reciprocal of n is m .
If m is reciprocal of n then:
m×n =1
1
m=
n
This implies that:
1
n=
m

EXERCISE 1(D)
1.(i)
Solution:
1
1÷
3
1 3
1 ÷ =1×
3 1
=3
1
Therefore, the value of 1 ÷ is 3 .
3
(ii)
Solution:
3
3÷
5
3 5
3 ÷ =3 ×
5 3
=5

3
Therefore, the value of 3 ÷ is 5 .
5
(iii)
Solution:
−5 1
÷
12 16
−5 1 −5 16
÷ = ×
12 16 12 1
−5 × 4
=
3
−20
=
3
−5 1 −20
Therefore, the value of ÷ is .
12 16 3
(iv)
Solution:
−21  −7 
÷ 
16  8 

−21  −7  −21 −8
÷  = ×
16  8  16 7
3 ×1 3
= =
2 ×1 2
−21  −7  3
Therefore, the value ÷   is .
16  8  2
(v)
Solution:
 4
0÷− 
 7
 4  7
0 ÷ −  = 0× − 
 7  4
0 × ( −7 )
= = 0
4
 4
Therefore, the value of 0 ÷  −  is 0 .
 7
(vi)
Solution:
8 24
÷
−5 25
8 24 8 25
÷ = ×
−5 25 −5 24
1× 5
=
−1× 3
−5
=
3
8 24 −5
Therefore, the value of ÷ is .
−5 25 3
(vii)
Solution:
−3
÷ ( −9 )
4
−3 −3 1
÷ ( −9 )= ×
4 4 −9
1× 1 1
= =
4 × 3 12
−3 1
Therefore, the value of ÷ ( −9 ) is .
4 12
(viii)
Solution:

3  5
÷− 
4  12 
3  5  3 12
÷−  = ×
4  12  4 −5
3× 3
=
1× ( −5 )
−9
=
5
3  5  −9
Therefore, the value of ÷  −  is
4  12  5
(ix)
Solution:
 10 
−5 ÷  − 
 11 
 10  −11
−5 ÷  −  =−5 ×
 11  10
1× 11
=
2
11
=
2
 10  11
Therefore, the value of −5 ÷  −  is .
 11  2
(x)
Solution:
−7  −3 
÷ 
11  44 
−7  −3  −7  44 
÷  = × 
11  44  11  −3 
7×4
=
1× 3
28
=
3
−7  −3  28
Therefore, the value of ÷   is .
11  44  3
2. (i)
Solution:
1
3by
3
1 3
3 ÷ =3 ×
3 1
=9
1
Therefore, the value of 3by is 9 .
3

(ii)
Solution:
 −1 
−2 by  
 2 
−1  −2 
−2 ÷ =−2 ×  
2  1 
=4
 −1 
Therefore, the value of −2 by   is 4 .
 2 
(iii)
Solution:
7
0 by
−9
7 −9
0÷ 0
=×
−9 7
=0
7
Therefore, the value of 0 by is 0 .
−9
(iv)
Solution:
−5 1
by
8 4
−5 1 −5 4
÷ = ×
8 4 8 1
−5 × 1
=
2 ×1
−5
=
2
−5 1 −5
Therefore, the value of by is .
8 4 2
(v)
Solution:
−3 −9
by
4 16
−3 −9 −3 −16
÷ = ×
4 16 4 9
1× 4
=
1× 3
4
=
3
−3 −9 4
Therefore, the value of by is .
4 16 3

3.
4
x× =−2
7
7
x =−2 ×
4
−7
x=
2
−7
2
4.
Solution:
 −2  4
x×  = −
 27  9
4 −27
x =− ×
9 2
2×3
x=
1× 1
x=6
Therefore, the other rational number is 6 .

5.
Solution:
−25
m×n =
9
(i)
Solution:
5
m=
3
5 25
× n =−
3 9
25 3
n= − ×
9 5
5 ×1
n= −
3 ×1
−5
n=
3
−5
Therefore, the value of n is .
3
(ii)
Solution:
−10
n=
9
 −10  25
m×  =
−
 9  9
25 −9
m= − ×
9 10
5 ×1
n=
1× 2
5
n=
2
5
Therefore, the value of n is .
2
6.
Solution:
 −3  9
x×  = −
 4  16
9 −4
x= − ×
16 3
3 ×1
x=
4 ×1
3
x=
4
3
Therefore, the other number is .
4
7.
Solution:
 −8 
x×  = 16
 13 
−13
x= 16 ×
8
2 × ( −13)
x=
1
x = −26
Therefore, the other number is −26 .
8.
Solution:
1
Cost of 3 liters of milk is ₹49.
2
1
Cost of 1 liter of milk is 49 ÷ 3 .
2
1 7
49 ÷ 3 = 49 ÷
2 2
2 7×2
= 49 × =
7 1
= 14
Therefore, cost of 1 liter of milk is ₹14 .
9.
Solution:
2 1
Cost of 3 meter of cloth is ₹ 88 .
5 2
1 2
Cost of 1 meter of cloth is 88 ÷ 3 .
2 5
1 2 177 17
88 ÷ 3 = ÷
2 5 2 5
177 5
= ×
2 17
885
=
34
1
= 26
34
1
Therefore, cost of 1 liter of milk is ₹ 26 .
34
10.
Solution:
 3  −5    −1 
 7 +  14   by  2 
    
 3  −5    −1 
 7 +  14   ÷  2 
    
 3  −5    −1   3 × 2  −5    −1 
 7 +  14   ÷  2  = 7 × 2 +  14   ÷  2 
         
 6 5
=  −  × ( −2 )
 14 14 
1
= × ( −2 )
14
−1
=
7
−1
Therefore, the value of the expression is .
7
11.
Solution:
(m + n) ÷ (m − n)
(i)
Solution:
2 3
=m = and n
3 2

 2 3   2 3   2 × 2 3× 3   2 × 2 3× 3 
 + ÷ − =   + ÷ − 
 3 2   3 2   3× 2 2 × 3   3× 2 2 × 3 
( L.C.M of 2and 3is 6 )
4 9 4 9
=  + ÷ − 
6 6 6 6
 13   −5 
=  ÷ 
6  6 
13  −6 
= × 
6  5 
−13
=
5
 2 3   2 3  −13
Therefore, the value of  +  ÷  −  is .
3 2 3 2 5
(ii)
Solution:
3 4
=m = and n
4 3

 3 4   3 4   3× 3 4 × 4   3× 3 4 × 4 
 + ÷ − =   + ÷ − 
 4 3   4 3   4 × 3 3 × 4   4 × 3 3 × 4s 
( L.C.M of 4and 3is12 )
 9 16   9 16 
=  + ÷ − 
 12 12   12 12 
 25   −7 
=  ÷ 
 12   12 
25  −12 
= × 
12  7 
−25
=
7
 3 4   3 4  −25
Therefore, the value of  +  ÷  −  is .
4 3 4 3 7
(iii)
Solution:
4 −3
=m =and n
5 10

 4  −3    4  −3    4 × 2 3   4 × 2 3 
 5 +  10   ÷  5 −  10 =
  5 × 2 − 10  ÷  5 × 2 + 10 
         
( L.C.M of 5and10is10 )
8 3 8 3
=  − ÷ + 
 10 10   10 10 
 5   11 
=  ÷ 
 10   10 
5  10 
= × 
10  11 
5
=
11
 4  −3    4  −3   5
Therefore, the value of  +    ÷  −    is .
 5  10    5  10   11
12.
Solution:

 −7 
x×  = −5
 15 
−15
x =−5 ×
7
75
x=
7
5
x = 10
7
5
Therefore, the other number is 10 .
7
13.
Solution:
5  −11   3 5 
+  by  − 
8  12   7 14 

5  −11   3 5   5 × 3   −11× 2   3 × 2 5 
+ ÷ − =   + ÷ − 
8  12   7 14   8 × 3   12 × 2   7 × 2 14 
L.C.M of 8and12is 24, L.C.M of 7 and14is14
 15 22   6 5 
= − ÷ − 
 24 24   14 14 
 −7   1 
=  ÷ 
 24   14 
−7
= × 14
24
−7 × 7 −49
= =
12 12
1
= −4
12
5  −11   3 5  1
Therefore, the value of + by
  −  is −4 .
8  12   7 14  12

EXERCISE 1(E)
1.
Solution:
3 7 −3 −7
, , and
4 4 4 4
Since the denominator of each given rational number is 4; divide

each whole number into four equal parts.
3
To mark , move 3 parts to the right of 0. Similarly mark for all
4
other points.

2.
Solution:
2 −8 7 −2
, , , and − 2
3 3 3 3
Since the denominator of each given rational number is 3; divide

each whole number into three equal parts and mark the fractions
accordingly.
3. (i)
Solution:
7 and 8
7 + 8 15 1
The rational number between 7 and 8 = = = 7
2 2 2

1
The rational number between 7 and 8 is 7 .
2
(ii)
Solution:
3.5 and 5
The rational number between 3.5and 5:
3.5 + 5
=
2
8.5
=
2
= 4.25
The rational number between 7 and 8 is 4.25 .
(iii)
Solution:
2 and 3.2
The rational number between 2 and 3.2:

2 + 3.2
=
2
5.2
=
2
= 2.6
The rational number between 2 and 3.2 is 2.6 .
(iv)
Solution:
4.2 and 3.6
The rational number between 4.2 and 3.6:
4.2 + 3.6
=
2
7.8
=
2
= 3.9
The rational number between 4.2 and 3.6 is 3.9 .
(v)
Solution:
1
and 2
2

1
The rational number between and 2 :
2
1
+2
=2
2
0.5 + 2
=
2
2.5
= = 1.25
2
1
The rational number between and 2 is 1.25 .
2
4. (i)
Solution:
6 and 7
First rational numbers between 6 and 7:
6+7
=
2
13
=
2
= 6.5
Required numbers are 6,6.5,7 .
Second rational number between 6 and 7 is:

6 + 6.5
=
2
12.5
=
2
= 6.25
Second rational number can also be calculated as:
6.5 + 7
=
2
13.5
=
2
= 6.75
The two rational numbers between 6 and 7 are 6.5 and 6.25 or
6.5 and 6.75 .
(ii)
Solution:
4.8 and 6
First rational numbers between 4.8 and 6:
4.8 + 6
=
2
10.8
=
2
= 5.4

Required numbers are 4.8,5.4,6 .
Second rational number between 4.8 and 6is:

4.8 + 5.4
=
2
10.2
=
2
= 5.1
5.4 + 6
=
2
11.4
=
2
= 5.7
The two rational numbers between 4.8 and 6 are 5.4 and 5.1or
5.7and 5.4 .
(iii)
Solution:
2.7 and 6.3
First rational numbers between 2.7 and 6.3:

2.7 + 6.3
=
2
9
=
2
= 4.5
Required numbers are 2.7, 4.5,6.3 .
Second rational number between 2.7 and 6.3 is:

2.7 + 4.5
=
2
7.2
=
2
= 3.6
4.5 + 6.3
=
2
10.8
=
2
= 5.4
The two rational numbers between 2.7 and 6.3 are 3.6 and 4.5 or
4.5and 5.4 .
5. (i)
Solution:

3and 4
Three rational numbers between 3and 4 are:
First number:
3+ 4
= 3, ,4
2
= 3,3.5, 4
Second number:
3 + 3.5
=
2
= 3.25
Third number:
3.5 + 4
=
2
= 3.75
Three rational numbers between 3and 4 are: 3.25,3.5 and 3.75 .
(ii)
Solution:
10 and12
Three rational numbers between 10 and12 are:
First number:
10 + 12
= 10, ,12
2
= 10,11,12
Second number:
10 + 11
=
2
= 10.5
Third number:
11 + 12
=
2
= 11.5
Three rational numbers between 10 and12 are: 10.5,11 and 11.5 .
6.
Solution:
3 2
and
5 3
Find L.C.M of denominators, L.C M of denominators 5 and 3 is 15.
Make denominators equal.
3× 3 9 2 × 5 10
= = and
5 × 3 15 3 × 5 15

Since five rational numbers are required, multiply the fraction by
5 + 1 =6 .
9 9×6 10 10 × 6
= and
15 15 × 6 15 15 × 6
54 60
= and
90 90
54 60 55 56 57 58 59
Five numbers between and is , , , and .
90 90 90 90 90 90 90
7.
Solution:
5 8
and
6 9
Find L.C.M of denominators, L.C M of denominators 6 and 9 is 18.
Make denominators equal.
5 × 3 15 8 × 2 16
= = and
6 × 3 18 9 × 2 18
Since six rational numbers are required, multiply the fraction by
6 + 1 =7 .
15 15 × 7 16 16 × 7
= and
18 18 × 7 18 18 × 7
105 112
= and
126 126
105 112
Six numbers between and is
126 126
106 107 108 109 110 111
, , , , and .
126 126 126 126 126 126
8.
Solution:
2and 3
Seven rational numbers between 2and 3 are:
First number:
2+3
= 2, ,3
2
5
= 2, ,3
2
Second number:
5
2+
= 2
2
4+5
= 2
2
9
=
4

Third number:
5
+3
=2
2
5+6
= 2
2
11
=
4
Fourth number:
9 5
+
=4 2
2
9 5× 2
+
= 4 2× 2
2
9 10
+
=4 4
2
19
=
8
Fifth number:

5 11
+
= 2 4
2
5 × 2 11
+
= 2 × 2 4
2
10 11
+
= 4 4
2
21
=
8
Sixth number:
9
2+
= 4
2
8+9
= 4
2
17
= =4 17
2 8
Seventh number:

11
+3
= 4
2
11 + 12
= 4
2
23
=
8
Seven rational numbers between 2and 3 are:
17 9 19 5 21 11 23
, , , , , and .
8 4 8 2 8 4 8

Selina Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE Solutions For Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers

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Selina Concise Mathematics Class 8 ICSE Solutions For Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers

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CHAPTER-1-RATIONAL NUMBERS

When denominator of two rational numbers is same, then the L.C.M

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When denominator of two rational numbers is different, then the

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L.C.M of 1 and 11is 11 .

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Rearrange the above rational number .

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Rearrange the above rational number.

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Rearrange the above rational number.

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To verify commutative property for the addition of rational number

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To verify associative property for the addition of rational number

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To verify associative property for the addition of rational number

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The value of additive inverse of 0 is 0 .

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The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse is equal to

Additive identity of rational number is 0.

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As additive inverse of the rational number is the negative of that

The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse is equal to

This expression is false because,

This expression is false because,

This expression is true because,

This expression is true because,

It is a positive rational number, therefore, it is false.

L.C.M of 25 and 13 is 325 .

−13 × 13 −169 −25 × 25 −625

In negative rational number, greater the numerator, smaller will be

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise