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After 4-10 days bite from an infected mosquito symptoms generally appeared and last for 2-7 days.
The understanding of dengue's hallmark pathophysiology has also changed; it is now recognized as
plasma leakage-related rather than haemorrhage-related. The strengths and limitations of different
dengue vector control strategies are listed in Table 1. 4. Discussion The abundance and transmission
potential of Ae. This ensured comparability of the data collected from each study site and ensured
that good clinical practices (according to standards) were applied. Cookie Settings Accept All Reject
All Privacy Policy Manage consent. Data was collected using a detailed case report form (CRF)
which included sections on demographic information, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment,
laboratory confirmation and outcome. During inter-epidemic periods, endemic or sporadic
transmission remains and triaging dengue cases for case management remains important for
organizing health services. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. DF is a
terrible, flu-like disease that distresses babies, young children, adults and causes rarely death. The
applicability of the revised classification to retrospective data sets was also favourable and the
proportion of non-classifiable cases overall was very low. Treatments included unburned control, low
intensity fire, high intensity fire, lime fertilization, and leaf litter removal. In 1998 this mosquito-
borne illness is the most important tropical transmittable disease after malaria, with an estimated 100
million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths every
year. Since then, dengue has become endemic in Bangladesh. Until the advent of a successful
vaccine candidate, a continued efficient and successful vector control program is critical for dengue
control and prevention. The pattern of the last six years shows that dengue cases are unevenly
reported throughout the year, and the cases begin to rise after September and reach a peak in
November, to fall thereafter. The incidence of overall global dengue virus (DENV) infection has also
increased rapidly in the last two decades; 505,430 cases were reported in 2000, while over 2,400,138
and 3,312,040 cases have been reported in 2010 and 2015, respectively. It is normally used as a
confirmatory test, being impractical for diagnosis or screening on a large scale. High population
density, rapid and unplanned urbanization, inadequate housing, insufficient water, sewage, waste
management, and favorable climatic conditions for the propagation of Ae. The tendency of dengue to
occur in younger than in older age groups was evident throughout the survey period and all four
serotypes were recorded, with DENV1 the least common. This was a retrospective study to measure
the frequency and distribution of the disease. There have been 27,879 cases of dengue and 60 deaths
because of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and
immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used in diagnosis
as it is relatively inexpensive, has good sensitivity and is quick and easy to perform. Treatment and
slope position were significant factors principally during the growing season. Dengue case and
dengue-related death reported in 2019 and 2022 in different divisions of Bangladesh. This article
will show a path to the healthcare professionals, including clinicians. Medical chart review Charts
from previous years were reviewed retrospectively while those that were started in 2009 (after the
training was carried out in the institution) were reviewed prospectively. In the year 2022, an
increasing trend of dengue outbreaks was observed in many countries, including Bangladesh.
However, the need for training, dissemination and further research on the warning signs was
highlighted. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). Tropical Medicine and
Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(1):32.
This year, as many as 19 cases were reported in September followed by 89 cases in October.
Moreover, there is an emphasis on application of Wolbachia as novel, inexpensive and
environmentally benign candidate for control and eradication of dengue transmitting vectors.
Dengue infects 50-100 million cases per year worldwide with atleast half million serious cases
needing hospitalization. Thus, the existing terminology - with its focus on haemorrhage - can be
misleading for clinical management. An enabling environment means providing legal protection,
enhancing the availability of information and increasing citizen voice, strengtheni. Increasing Dengue
Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 32.
Biological control: Biological control may play a significant role in preventing the spread of DENV
infections. Data was collected from internet sources, mainly using Science Direct and PubMed.
Dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and rarely Aedes albopictus. Issues
related to triage and case management will have to be addressed in future studies. After 4-10 days
bite from an infected mosquito symptoms generally appeared and last for 2-7 days. Most dengue
hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases fell in the 20-45 years age range. Only indoor samples data were
used for the estimation of entomological indices. Additional materials, such as the best quotations,
synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. Casualties this
year have mostly been due to co-morbidities rather than the viral fever itself, doctors say. Although
previous dengue outbreaks (from 2000 to 2018) were mainly centered in Dhaka, the 2019 and
current 2022 outbreaks spread across the country, including all divisional cities. The suspected
patients of Dengue Virus infection from different areas of district Mardan were hospitalized at
Mardan Medical Complex (MMC). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more
securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. ArcGIS-ArcMap version 10.2 (ESRI,
Redlands, CA, USA) was used to produce a choropleth map of the frequency of dengue cases and a
graduated symbol map of the number of deaths in different divisions (Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi,
Khulna, Sylhet, Barishal, Rangpur, and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh. A large proportion - usually
above 50% - of DHF criteria (such as haematocrit before and after treatment, platelet counts, and
tourniquet tests), were not collected by the clinician; however, the expert reviewer of the medical
charts used clinical judgement to come to the DHF diagnosis. Furthermore, as suggested in a number
of staff interviews, the recognition of special situations such as dengue in pregnancy, dengue and co-
morbidities, dengue in paediatric and adult care need further consideration. You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. Case-control epidemiological study was also conducted to
identify some of the risk factors of the disease. One reviewer was responsible for Latin America and
three for South-East Asia. Pakistan is subtropical country and main hotspot for vector-borne diseases
such as dengue haemorrhagic fever, malaria, leishmaniasis, Crimean-cango and West Nile virus
diseases. They found a high number of the respondents seropositive to dengue. After excluding
charts with missing values, 1962 of the patient charts were included in the following analysis (Table 2
). The International Monetary Fund has warned of dire economic consequences in a country already
reliant on foreign aid to keep its economy afloat and one key to the U. S. -led war against al-Qaida
and the Taliban. Infants and younger children tend to present with an undifferentiated febrile disease,
often with rash. JF contributed to the conception and design of the study.
Data management and analysis Quality control Data monitoring was carried out in the study sites
once or twice during the study period by specially trained external monitors who checked for correct
application of the study protocol and correct transfer of information from the medical charts to the
CRF. Recovery: Dengue kills a number of people while chikungunya patients usually recover. We
would also like to offer sincere thanks to Steffen Kratochwill, MD, for his support in the pilot testing
of the chart review tool. This will require the adaptation of dengue clinical guidelines to local
characteristics. Eleven patients (7%) did not exhibit either thrombocytopenia or bleeding tendency.
Staff opinions regarding the treatment algorithm based on the revised case classification Six hundred
and ninety-eight comments were received regarding the applicability of the treatment algorithm; 83%
were positive about the algorithm. Risk of mosquito infection is positively associated with high
viremia and high fever in the patient. For comparison, data of serologically-confirmed dengue
patients from a private laboratory in Islamabad was collected to see the age, gender and month-wise
distribution of cases tested over the same period. A prototype dengue RNA transcription-mediated
amplification (TMA) assay (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was developed for use in large-
scale screening of blood donor samples and uses target genomic sequences that are highly conserved
across all four serotypes. Dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and rarely
Aedes albopictus. Explore Your Financial Landscape with Personalized Credit Insights. Please
include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the
bottom of this page. It is also important to identify the etiology and predominant serotype of an
outbreak, describe the clinical presentation, and identify the factors associated with dengue.
However DHF and DSS are more severe and possibly lethal forms with symptoms like plasma
leaking, respiratory distress, severe abdominal pain, fluid accumulation, severe bleeding, or organ
injury. Patients tend to stoop in posture because of joint pain. Forty-two percent of all respondents
had been working with dengue patients for 1 to 5 years, 27% for more than 5 years, and 23.7% for
less than one year. Unfortunately two countries in the Mekong delta could finally not take part due
to administrative or financial reasons. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF
Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Chemical control: Chemical control is
achieved using either synthetic or natural insecticides, and the latter is preferable. Dengue case and
dengue-related death reported in 2019 and 2022 in different divisions of Bangladesh. Comparison of
different major vector control strategies targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In a review
meeting last Thursday, cabinet secretary P K Sinha asked agencies and departments to be prepared to
handle the rush and also urged them to take up publicity campaigns to dispel panic so that people do
not rush to hospital at the first sign of fever, creating extra pressure on hospitals. The first page of the
PDF of this article appears above. The number of dengue case and dengue-related death in the years
2019 and 2022 (as on 10 December 2022) in different divisions (Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi,
Khulna, Sylhet, Barishal, Rangpur, and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh are shown. This ensured
comparability of the data collected from each study site and ensured that good clinical practices
(according to standards) were applied. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download
PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The pattern of the last six years shows
that dengue cases are unevenly reported throughout the year, and the cases begin to rise after
September and reach a peak in November, to fall thereafter.(HT PHOTO) Till October 31, 121
dengue cases have been reported. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF
Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Moreover, the challenge of emergence and
spreading of salinity-tolerant Aedes mosquitoes that might show potential to reduce the efficacy of
insecticides should be investigated. Although previous dengue outbreaks (from 2000 to 2018) were
mainly centered in Dhaka, the 2019 and current 2022 outbreaks spread across the country, including
all divisional cities.
In this study, the applicability of the two classification systems to retrospective data sets was tested.
This article gives the details of dengue criteria, transmission, methods of laboratory diagnosis,
clinical management (including stepwise approach to the dengue management) and vector
management (including biological control). See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF Download
PDF Related Papers Wolbachia pipientis: A potential candidate for combating and eradicating
dengue epidemics in Pakistan Umair Hassan Khan, Uruj Tahir Dengue virus syndrome is an
emerging global health challenge which is endemic in tropical countries like Pakistan. Tourniquet test
has been recommended as the initial screening procedure of patients with suspected DHF, particularly
grade I DHF. Observer bias was reduced by tape recording of the interviews with subsequent
transcription and categorical analysis (see methods). This operational manual is designed to provide
guidance on the establishment, management, implementation, reporting and evaluation of safe and
effective. To obtain the actual number of dengue cases, both active and passive surveillance are
important. When asked for recommendations regarding the extended use of the treatment algorithm
across countries and continents, there was a feeling that more training and dissemination of the
revised classification and treatment algorithm were needed (53.4% out of 698 responses). We
encountered 320 cases of Dengue fever during 5 months period (July to November, 2013). DF is a
terrible, flu-like disease that distresses babies, young children, adults and causes rarely death. We
also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website.
Wolbachia is a bacterium commonly found in many species of insects, including dragonflies,
butterflies, and moths, but does not occur naturally in Ae. While this has no bearing on treatment
outcomes, the overall national figures end up projecting the problem as a much smaller one than it
really is. As Aedes larvae are born in stagnant water, every resident should take care so that water
does not accumulate on the roof of the house, in the courtyard, or even in flower tubs. Intervention
method Treatment algorithm and training A case management algorithm was developed and pilot
tested in the Philippines. As of 10 December 2022, a total of 60,078 dengue cases and 266 dengue-
related deaths were reported in Bangladesh, with the 2022 outbreak being the second largest since
2000. Zaw Lin, Tun Lin W, Tin Oo,Khin Thet Wai,Hla Myint and Monti Fe, (2012). We came across
2421 suspected cases of Dengue fever during 11 months period (January to November, 2017). I
highly recommend him if you need an assignment done ”. AK participated in the conception, design
and coordination of the study. SHARE THIS ARTICLE ON Share this article Share Via Copy Link
SHARE Copy Whatsapp Twitter Facebook Linkedin. To see the essay’s introduction, body
paragraphs and conclusion, read on. Authors' contributions JB participated in the design and
coordination of the study, and performed statistical analysis and interpretation of merged data. Paper
should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an
outlook for. Recently launched Caripill tablets and Dengvaxia vaccine are the main findings of this
study. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Recovery:
Dengue kills a number of people while chikungunya patients usually recover. The respondents
appreciated the revised classification with its emphasis on clinical severity which led directly to
specific case management instructions in the clinical management algorithm. To date, adulticide
application is considered as the most effective dengue vector control method; however, the efficacy
of adulticides should be routinely confirmed, as resistance may develop. Infected humans are the
main carriers and amplification host of the dengue virus.
DF is a terrible, flu-like disease that distresses babies, young children, adults and causes rarely death.
Subsequently, the mosquito may transmit the virus during every feeding. Other than the selection of
some of the participating countries by TDR, none of these agencies played any role in the design or
execution of the study. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following databases
to April, 2016: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,
BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS. People are hesitating to give fund to Government because of
the corruption allegations against government as it was also seen at the time of Earth Quake disaster
five years back. Every third or fourth year dengue shows a spike because as the immunity of the
population as a whole wanes, the disease comes back with a vengeance. Dengue illness has high
morbidity and mortality in Pakistan as well as in other Asian countries. Recently launched Caripill
tablets and Dengvaxia vaccine are the main findings of this study. In Bengal, type II has been
detected; this is considered deadlier than the rest. Current literature was reviewed, stressing on
epidemiology, vector distribution (different region) of country, pathogenesis and future strategies for
control. After 4-10 days bite from an infected mosquito symptoms generally appeared and last for 2-
7 days. The number of dengue case and dengue-related death in the years 2019 and 2022 (as on 10
December 2022) in different divisions (Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet, Barishal,
Rangpur, and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh are shown. Dengue cases have reached alarming
proportions in several states and the number of cases are bound to go up with at least six more weeks
of “dengue season” to go. The tendency of dengue to occur in younger than in older age groups was
evident throughout the survey period and all four serotypes were recorded, with DENV1 the least
common. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. Increasing Dengue
Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. You can download the paper by
clicking the button above. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Dengue case and
dengue-related death reported in 2019 and 2022 in different divisions of Bangladesh. There was also
an agreement across countries and through all methods used that the use of warning signs for case
management, as reflected in the revised classification, is of practical value. A historical review needs
to be carried out to find the root causes of dengue dynamics, the factors responsible for its spread
and lastly to formulate future strategies for its control. OH participated in the conception and design
of the study, carried out data monitoring, focus group discussions and interpretation of its results.
Our findings show male subjects' seroprevalence is more as compared to female in the recent
outbreak. However, the impact of salinity on Aedes mosquito in coastal areas of Bangladesh remains
to be investigated. The microorganism’s natural hosts include mosquitoes, lower primates, and
humans. It is also associated with the induction of neutralizing antibodies and development of
protective immune response in the host. Staff opinions regarding the treatment algorithm based on
the revised case classification Six hundred and ninety-eight comments were received regarding the
applicability of the treatment algorithm; 83% were positive about the algorithm. Dengue cases have
reached alarming proportions in several states and the number of cases are bound to go up with at
least six more weeks of “dengue season” to go. We came across 2421 suspected cases of Dengue
fever during 11 months period (January to November, 2017). Health secretary C K Mishra has said
the chikungunya situation may be at the peak of a seven-to-eight-year cycle but the disease in
general causes far less casualties than dengue, so there is no reason to panic.