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The human antibody response is complex as it involves a polyclonal response to primary and
secondary infections with 4 different. It is a highly important mosquito-vectored disease and is a
problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The limit of detection for each dengue
serotype was 0.1 PFU. In a prospective field study conducted from November 2000 to December
2001, adult female A. It may appear as an asymptomatic condition, dengue fever (DF), or life
threatening forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), or
the currently defined severe dengue. The designed RT-RPA primers and exo-probe detected the
DENV genome of at least 12 genotypes of DENV circulating globally without cross-reacting with
other arboviruses. Infection of the human host results in a biphasic fever with the potential to evolve
into severe hemorrhagic disease. But in a paper published Friday in Science, researchers reported that
while the viruses clustered around the four genetically distinct types, antigenically, or the way a
body’s immune system recognizes and responds to the virus, there was overlap among the four
dengue types not previously described. This review is informed both by current knowledge of the
topics and our specific experiences accumulated from Cuba and Vietnam. International Journal of
Translational Medicine (IJTM). Thus, the prevalence of DF in Guangzhou City and Zhongshan City
is a good representation of the prevalence of DF in Guangdong Province. At present, neither a
licensed vaccine nor anti-viral drugs are available to control dengue disease, prompting a plethora of
research initiatives aimed at understanding the molecular and cellular virology, genomics, and
evolution of this important virus. However, a lack of immunity to the nonstructural proteins in
dengue has proven problematic, as a 2005 study showed no sterile immunity from inactivated
viruses. As a result, environments receiving insufficient daylight encourage the density of mosquitoes
to increase because they are suitable for the survival of mosquitoes. Paper should be a substantial
original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI). In a prospective field study
conducted from April 1995 to July 1996, female adult Ae. Acceptance and user-friendliness of a
dengue classification system (objective 1) Staff interviews and FGDs suggested that the level of
acceptance for the revised classification was high. Research articles, review articles as well as short
communications are invited. The river, which in better times irrigates the crops of millions of farmers,
is 15 miles (25 kilometers) wide at some points— 25 times wider than during normal monsoon
seasons. The strategies that have been used in the past towards development of an effective antiviral
against dengue, as well as those being employed currently are discussed in light of information from
structural biology, computational biology and molecular virology, highlighting the potential
opportunities and obstacles to their use. After a first natural infection with any of the four DENV
serotypes, type-specific neutralizing antibodies directed to the homol-ogous serotype are elicited.
Finally, the model’s general applicability was difficult to evaluate at present given that the data used
in this study were obtained on the basis of serum samples collected from residents in Guangdong
Province over the period of 2013 to 2015 without other extrapolated studies. The need of balanced
immune response against all four DENV serotypes with a single vaccine is the main challenges
encountering by the developers. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
Laboratory diagnosis includes virus isolation, serology, and detection of dengue ribonucleic acid. In
laboratory experiments, the assay was sensitive enough to detect one virusinfected mosquito head in
pools of up to 59 uninfected heads. The majority of these cases was treated in a tertiary hospital (64
of 75) or came from Nicaragua (65 out of 75). As per the national survey data, the prevalence of
dengue has been still rising consistently, and the burden of the disease is predominantly affecting the
adults with progression towards the Dengue fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). All the collected data were compiled, analyzed and interpreted
statistically using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 21.0 statistical Analysis
Software.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI). This review is informed both by current
knowledge of the topics and our specific experiences accumulated from Cuba and Vietnam. Find
support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. You can download the paper by
clicking the button above. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely,
please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The most potently neutralizing mouse MAbs
bind to surface exposed epitopes on domain III of the dengue envelope (E) protein. This review
mainly describes the dengue treatment challenges, in addition to a brief discussion of dengue vaccine
challenges and future outlook on dengue itself. These data indicate that antibodies elicited after
immunization with this dengue vaccine candidate should widely protect against infection with
contemporary DENV lineages circulating in endemic countries. Taking into account the lessons
learned from development of the revised classification, the development and dissemination of
detailed guidelines on dengue clinical management is crucial - with emphasis placed on training for
health staff at all levels. The participants in the focus groups - mostly medical staff and nurses
involved in dengue care, but also in some cases epidemiologists and public health staff - had
received training about the revised dengue case classification and treatment algorithm 3 to 6 months
before the FGD. As a result, environments receiving insufficient daylight encourage the density of
mosquitoes to increase because they are suitable for the survival of mosquitoes. Recently, several
techniques have been developed for rapid laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus, including
centrifugation amplification to enhance virus isolation rate, the flow cytometry method for early
detection of cultured virus, detecting viral nucleic acid e.g., by nested reverse transcriptase-
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based
amplification, and real-time PCR, detecting free viral non-structure antigens, anti-dengue virus
immunoglobu. Education Materials provide lessons and activities for teaching and learning. A panel
of 82 DENVs was developed from viruses collected primarily during the last decade in 30 countries
and included the four serotypes and the majority of existing genotypes. A retrospective, hospital-
based study was conducted at a university hospital in southern Taiwan from January to December,
2007. In contrast with the situation in hyper endemic continental countries and in the Caribbean, the
epidemiology of dengue in the South Pacific islands Countries (SPICs) is characterized by the non-
persistent co-circulation of multiple serotypes and the long-term predominance, with local re-
emergences, of a single genotype. A large body of work has demonstrated that antibodies can
neutralize or enhance DENV infection. Here we demonstrate that mammalian S5a is present in
proteasome-bound and free states. A Cosmopolitan genotype showed further division into three.
Clinical diagnosis of dengue and identification of which patients are likely to develop severe disease
remain challenging. Dermatologists should be aware of the distinctive exanthem of dengue fever.
Currently, vector control is the only method for prevention of the disease. Conclusion: Increased level
of ALT and AST, Thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia signify the severe dengue viral infection. Risk
Factors Associated with Dengue Virus Infection in Guangdong Province: A Community-Based Case-
Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 617. International Journal of
Translational Medicine (IJTM). The objective of this paper was to compare the two classification
systems regarding applicability in clinical practice and surveillance, as well as user-friendliness and
acceptance by health staff. After a first natural infection with any of the four DENV serotypes, type-
specific neutralizing antibodies directed to the homol-ogous serotype are elicited. Additional
variables must be introduced into the logistic regression model, and further research should be
conducted to provide a theoretical basis for formulating prevention and control measures for DF.
This chapter briefly reviews the animal models for DENV infection currently available, and surveys
the contributions each has made to four key areas in dengue research: pathogenesis, immunity and
immunopathogenesis, therapeutic drug development, and vaccine development. When asked for
recommendations regarding the extended use of the treatment algorithm across countries and
continents, there was a feeling that more training and dissemination of the revised classification and
treatment algorithm were needed (53.4% out of 698 responses).
Although asympto-matic infection occurs frequently, infection with DENV may cause a spectrum of
disease manifestations, ranging from classical dengue fever (DF) to more severe dengue hemorrhagic
fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) 3-5. Specific antiviral medications are not available
for dengue and successful treatment, which is mainly supportive, depends on early recognition of the
disease and careful monitoring for shock. Dengue virus causes two types of infections, primary
infection and secondary infection. The extracted teeth without any caries, cracks, fractures,
anomalies, or restorations were classified according to tooth type and localization after disinfection.
These experts were selected on the basis of international recognition for their clinical expertise in
dengue management. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or
approaches, provides an outlook for. Wikipedia has a nice summary of ADE, with a focus on dengue.
There is currently no available vaccine, but outbreaks can be prevented by reducing the habitat and
number of mosquitoes, and limiting exposure to bites. Beginning with an introduction to
evolutionary thinking and terminology, particularly with relevance to RNA viruses, the
macroevolutionary divergence from dengue progenitors into the 4 serotypes is discussed. A guide for
authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions
for Authors page. Regulatory steps in substrate binding, processing, and subsequent downstream
proteolytic events by these receptors are poorly understood. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health (IJERPH). The human antibody response is complex as it involves a
polyclonal response to primary and secondary infections with 4 different. A mixed methodology of
quantitative and qualitative data collection was used (see below). Journal of Low Power Electronics
and Applications (JLPEA). These factors were further divided into six dimensions: Personal life
activities, environmental sanitation, housing situation, living conditions, mosquito protection status,
and residential surroundings. These were site specific and not as general as the positive comments.
Moreover, we describe recent immunologic and structural studies that have provided a new
understanding of antibody-mediated neutralization mechanisms and protection against DENV and
other flavivirus infections. This first-in-man, Phase 1, open-label clinical trial consisted of two
groups of flavivirus-naive healthy adult volunteers that received two intramuscular vaccine doses of
either 2.5 ?g or 5 ?g of DENV-1 PIV administered on days 0 and 28. The DENV-1 PIV was safe and
immunogenic in a small number of volunteers supporting development and further testing of a
tetravalent DENV PIV formulation. An estimated 50 million dengue infection occurs annually and
approximately 2.5 billion live in dengue endemic countries where more than 21,000 deaths occur
each year. The objective of this paper was to compare the two classification systems regarding
applicability in clinical practice and surveillance, as well as user-friendliness and acceptance by
health staff. Among the four different serotypes DEN1 was identified as the most abundant virus in
Kerala during 2016-17. Ae. aegypti larvae from dengue hyper endemic areas showed DEN1 in their
bodies, which indicated trans-ovarian transmission of this virus and hence adult mosquitoes emerged
from these larvae and are not exposed to blood of dengue viremia patients can be vectors of this
disease. Nymphal stages of five locally abundant dragonfly species were collected from different
stagnated water bodies in Belihuloya area. Guzman, Beatriz Sierra, Gustavo Kouri, Jeremy Farrar,
and Cameron Simmons The pathogenesis of dengue infection is complicated and, despite intensive
research, not well understood. Dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and
rarely Aedes albopictus. However, animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection have been
hampered by the fact that no non-human species naturally exhibits disease similar to human dengue
fever or dengue shock syndrome following natural or experimental infection. Journal of Experimental
and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). This chapter focuses on the latest information on mosquito-dengue
virus interaction, with the overall goal of identifying areas of research where improved understanding
would likely contribute to our ability to predict and prevent cyclical epidemics. The revised
classification also proved to be more sensitive for timely recognition of severe disease.
Additionally, the information provided by the volunteered participants might have been different
from the general population. Consort diagram of cases and controls used in the study. Risk Factors
Associated with Dengue Virus Infection in Guangdong Province: A Community-Based Case-Control
Study. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Chikungunya virus was
detected in about half of the blood specimens whereas a range of 5.5 to 100% relative infection rate
was found in Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry,
preview is currently unavailable. Here, we review the burden of disease and the host (age, ethnicity,
co-morbidities, immune and genetic factors) and viral (epidemiological and genetic factors)
determinants for disease severity. Hanley Dengue is an old disease caused by the mosquito-borne
dengue viruses (DENV-1-4). Here we review the current state of knowledge about the human
antibody response to dengue and identify important knowledge gaps. It is a small virus that carries a
single strand of RNA as its genome. Liu J, Tian X, Deng Y, Du Z, Liang T, Hao Y, Zhang D. Feature
papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and
must receive. We hope to assemble a collection of research papers and reviews that together will offer
a comprehensive view on this promising field, which reflects our current understanding and looks
toward the future. We have standardized a protocol for viral RNA extraction from individual and
pools of mosquitoes that permits a sensitive detection of dengue virus without RNA degradation or
PCR inhibition when we apply a semi-nested RT-PCR. Although asympto-matic infection occurs
frequently, infection with DENV may cause a spectrum of disease manifestations, ranging from
classical dengue fever (DF) to more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock
syndrome (DSS) 3-5. Each participant had the right to withdraw from this study at any time. 2.3.
Enzyme Immunoassay Test Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect
dengue IgG and IgM antibodies. The diagnosis of dengue is routinely accomplished by serologic
assays, such as IgM and IgG ELISAs, as well as HI tests, analyzing serum samples obtained from
patients with at least 7 days of symptoms onset. S5a is required for efficient proteasomal
degradation of polyubiquitinated substrates and the recruitment of ubiquitin-like (Ubl) harboring
proteins; however, S5a-mediated ubiquitin and Ubl binding occurs only on the proteasome itself.
This information is beneficial for avoiding infection by the dengue virus. The frequency distribution
and percentages of the categorical data were obtained. Journal of Functional Morphology and
Kinesiology (JFMK). The mosquitoes were first pooled, homogenised and processed for NS1-
ELISA. Most tropical and fetal disease caused by zika vs.. Dengue fever is generally met in the
countries of South and South-East Asia, Africa, Oceania and Caribbean Basin. While some viruses,
such as the hepatitis C virus code for more than one protease to perform distinct functions,
flaviviruses code for a novel two-component serine protease which participates in early and late
stages of the viral life cycle. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Adult mosquito and larvae house indexes were not found associated with increased burden of
disease. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high
impact in the field. A Feature. Multiubiquitination events within the VWA domain can further
regulate S5a association. Prevalence has enlarged 30-fold in the last 50 years with the increased
geographic expansion to new countries. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance
Medicine (JOHBM). Only indoor samples data were used for the estimation of entomological
indices.
A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the
Instructions for Authors page. Funding This work was supported by the National Science and
Technique Major Project of China (grant number 2018ZX10715004). Visit our dedicated information
section to learn more about MDPI. Currently, vector control is the only method for prevention of the
disease. In addition to these type-specific antibodies, which are thought to be lifelong, a large
population of cross-reactive antibodies is generated, which in turn may be protective or may enhance
infection and disease with heterologous serotypes 10-12. Feature papers represent the most advanced
research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature. Within this context, data
from a prospective clinical dengue study (DENCO) in 7 countries of South Asia and Latin America
served to optimize case detection and case classification into non-severe and severe categories. No
evidence for rampant cocirculation of distinct genotypes in a single locality was found, suggesting
that some factors, other than geographic proximity, may limit the continual dispersion and
reintroduction of new DENV-3 variants. Four closely related dengue serotypes cause the disease,
which ranges from asymptomatic infection to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF), and dengue
hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Participating clinicians followed their local standards for the laboratory
diagnosis of dengue; in some cases the proportion of laboratory-confirmed dengue was high and in
others it was low (see discussion). This chapter summarizes the state of knowledge of polyprotein
processing by the viral protease since its discovery approximately 20 years ago. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI). Focus Group Discussions with
health staff Sample individuals for focus group participation were selected from two groups: (1) staff
from health care facilities (from primary to tertiary level, but not limited to the public sector) in all
study sites and (2) all available health personnel dealing with dengue treatment (e.g. health care
workers, nurses, doctors, communicable disease control staff, epidemiologists and management
staff). We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Thus, 374 individuals
with antibody-positive samples were defined as dengue-infected, and those willing to participate in
the questionnaire survey were selected as the members of the case group. Furthermore, as suggested
in a number of staff interviews, the recognition of special situations such as dengue in pregnancy,
dengue and co-morbidities, dengue in paediatric and adult care need further consideration. The
understanding of dengue's hallmark pathophysiology has also changed; it is now recognized as
plasma leakage-related rather than haemorrhage-related. Neutralization was observed across all the
DENV serotypes, genotypes, geographical origins and isolation years. European Journal of
Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Rapid urbanisation and
industrialisation have led to an increase in vector population in Northeastern states of India. We also
provided evidence and a basis for the development of measures for DF prevention and control.
Nymphal stages of five locally abundant dragonfly species were collected from different stagnated
water bodies in Belihuloya area. For each trial and serotype, vaccinees with higher month 13 titer to
the serotype had significantly lower risk of VCD with that serotype (hazard ratios, 0.19-0.43 per 10-
fold increase). RG participated in the design of the study and carried out the overall data
management and statistical analysis of merged data. The International Monetary Fund has warned of
dire economic consequences in a country already reliant on foreign aid to keep its economy afloat
and one key to the U. S. -led war against al-Qaida and the Taliban. Multiple requests from the same
IP address are counted as one view. Two main species of mosquito, Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus, have been responsible for all cases of dengue transmitted in Mexico. The majority of
these cases was treated in a tertiary hospital (64 of 75) or came from Nicaragua (65 out of 75). The
assay enabled the detection of as few as 10 copies of DENV RNA.