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DRUGS
2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Classification
❖ Hypersensitivity reactions
❖ Nausea, diarrhea.
Cephalosporins 15
Basic Structure
Similar to penicillins:
1st Generation:
Cephalexine, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephaprin,
cephalotin, caphadrin.
3rd Generation:
❖ Cefotaxime, ceftriazone, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, cefixime
❖ Extended G- activities but less G+ effects
Monobactams
Example: Aztreonam
Nephrotoxicity
Pain and thrombophlebitis with IV route
Ototoxicity
Occasional mild hematuria, proteinuria, azotemia, casts in urine
Aminoglycosides, Spectinomycin
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors 28
Specific drugs
✓ Doxycycline
✓ Minocycline
✓ Tetracycline
Activity: 30
Treatment of meningitis
Examples
✓ Erythromycin
✓ Azithromycin
✓ Clarithromycin
Mechanism of action 38
Produce bacteriostatic.
Activity 39
MoA
Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria
Specifically inhibits peptide bond formation
Clinical Uses & ADR 42
Bacterial meningitis
Eye and ear infections
Typhoid fever
Well tolerated
GIT related
ECG abnormalities
Destruction of cartilage in growing children –
arthropathy
Tendonitis (adults)
Avoid in pregnancy
END.
47
THANK YOU
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FURTHER READING 48