MA11004

• Let V and W be two finite dimensional vector spaces over the same field F
and let B1 = {u1 , . . . , un } and B2 = {v1 , . . . , vm } be two ordered bases of
V and W, respectively.

• Let T : V → W be a linear transformation. T (uj ) ∈ W.

• Then there exist unique aij ∈ F for i = 1, . . . , m such that

T (uj ) = a1j v1 + a2j v2 + · · · + amj vm for j = 1, . . . , n.

• Then A = aij is the matrix representation of T with respect to the bases

B1 and B2 .
 MA11004
 !
x  
3 2 x +y
Let T : R → R defined by T  y  = . Let
x −z
z
( 1 0 0 ) (   )
1 1
B1 = 0 , 1 , 0 and B2 = , be bases of R3
1 0
0 1 1
and R2 , respectively.

 !
1      
T 0 = 1 = 1 · 1 + 0 · 0
1 1 1
0
 !
0      
1 = 1 1 0
T =1· −2·
−1 1 1
1
 !
0      
T 0 = 0 = 0 · 1 − 1 · 0
−1 1 1
 MA11004

         
1 1 1 0 0
  3
Let 1 ∈ R . Then 1 = 1 · 0 + 1 · 1 + 0 · 0.
      
1 1 0 1 1
 MA11004

• Let V be a vector space let B = {u1 , . . . , un } be a basis of V. Let

x ∈ V. Then x = c1 u1 + c2 u2 + · · · + cn un , where ci s are scalar. Then
[c1 , c2 , . . . , cn ] is called coordinate of x with respect to B.

• [T (x)]B2 = A[x]B1 where A = [aij ]m×n . That is co-ordinate of T (x) with

respect to the basis B2 is [T (x)]B2 which can be calculated using the co-
ordinate of x with respect to basis B1 .
 MA11004

• Let S, T ∈ L(V, W) and α ∈ F. Then S + T and αS defined by

(S + T )(x) = S(x) + T (x) (vector addition) and αS)x = αS(x) (scalar
multiplication) are again a linear maps. With these operations L(V, W) is a
vector space over the field F.
 MA11004

• Let V and W be two vector spaces over the same field F. Let T : V → W
be a linear transformation. Then T is invertible if T is bijective (one-
one+onto).

• Let T : V → W be an invertible linear transformation. Then T −1 is also a

bijective linear transformation from W to V.