Port Said

Faculty University
of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Environmental Science
and Occupational Safety
Course code: (HUF 204)
Dr. Ahmed Amer

Mechanical Engineering Department

2023/2024
Lecture 1- Preface 1
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Lecture 1 Preface
 Course Aims
• This course is designed to understand the basic knowledge on the
Environmental Science and Occupational Safety.

• Evaluate all forms of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution,

chemical pollution, oil pollution, and electromagnetic pollutions.

• Also, the course outlines climate change and its impact on the
environment, and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for various
institutions.

• Recognize occupational safety and their interaction to prevent all injuries

and illnesses in workplace settings.
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 Course Outline
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

➢ Introduction to environmental science and occupational

safety.
➢ Environmental pollution factors, air pollution, water
pollution, chemical pollution, electromagnetic pollution.
➢ Occupational safety and health against the regulation,
inspection, and surveillance of workplaces and workers
➢ Climate Changes
➢ Environmental Impact Assessment including occupational
safety and standard codes.
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 Course Specification
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Title: Environmental Science and

Code: HUF204
Occupational Safety
Lectures / Week 2 hours
Tutorials / Week -----------
Laboratory / Week -------------

Total / Week 2 hours

Second Term Bylaw 2014

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 Marks Distribution
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Assessment Method Marks Weeks

Final Examination 40 16th

Mid term written Examination 5 9th
Discussions, reports and presentation 5 Weekly
assessment
Total 50

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 ‫‪References‬‬
‫‪Faculty of Engineering‬‬
‫‪Mechanical Engineering Department‬‬

‫‪Essential Books (Textbooks)- Bylaw recommended:‬‬

‫(‪ )1‬تلوث البيئة في مصر –مبروك سعد النجار‪ -‬الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب ‪1994‬‬
‫(‪ )2‬التلوث مشكلة اليوم والغد‪ -‬د‪.‬توفيق محمد قاسم‪-‬الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب‪1995‬‬
‫(‪ )3‬التلوث الهوائي والبيئة – الجزء األول‪-‬د‪.‬طلعت ابراهيم االعوج – سلسلة العلم والحياة ‪1994‬‬
‫(‪ )4‬االنسان وتلوث البيئة – محمد السيد أرناؤوط – الهيئة المصريةالعامة للكتاب ‪1999-‬‬
‫(‪ )5‬القانون رقم ‪ 4‬لسنة ‪ -1994‬بأصدار قانون في شأن حماية البيئة والئحته التنفيذية جهاز شئون البيئة ‪ -‬القاهرة‪1999 -‬‬
‫(‪ )6‬دليل أسس واجراءات تقييم التأثير البيئي‪-‬جهاز شئون البيئة – قطاع االدارة البيئة القاهرة‪-‬اكتوبر ‪1996‬‬
‫(‪ )7‬التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي – د‪.‬عبد المقصود حجو – الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب ‪2005‬‬
‫)‪(8‬السالمة والصحة المهنية – مصطفى حامد محمد الجندى‬

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 References
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Recommended Textbooks:
1. Wilcock, A. A. (2006). An occupational perspective of health. Slack
Incorporated.
2. Cunningham, W., & Cunningham, M. A. (2010). Principles of environmental
science. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
3. Eldon D. Enger, Bradley F. Smith, Environmental Science, A study of
Interrelationships, McGraw-Hill, 2013, 13th ed.
4. Reese, C. D. (2018). Occupational health and safety management: a
practical approach. CRC press.

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Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Introduction to
Lecture 2
environmental science
 Lecture Outline
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

➢Environment
➢Components of the environment
➢Environmental science
➢Scope of the environmental science
➢Environmental engineering

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Environment
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Environment (from the French word ‘’environner’’: to encircle or surround), it can be

defined as:
“The sum of total of all the living and the non-living things around us influencing one
another’’.

All the things (i.e. Object & Circumstances) surrounding us.

OR

The whole physical and biological system in which

human and other organisms live.

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 Components of environment
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Environment

Biotic Abiotic
i.e. living i.e. non-living
components components

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 Components of environment
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Environment can be classified into various Components:

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere Abiotic
Environment
Atmosphere

Biosphere Biotic
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 Components of environment
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Environment can be classified into:

• Biotic: It Includes all the living organisms in this category.

e.g. plants, animals, birds etc

• Abiotic: All the non living things are included in this category.
e.g. Climatic conditions, soil, minerals etc.

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 Lithosphere
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

▪ Lithosphere : Litho means (rock) in Greek

▪ Lithosphere includes, sand, rocks, metal, mountains etc. of the earth.
▪ It is a home for wildlife and human beings (land).

It contains:
- Nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels and minerals
- Renewable resources such as soil chemicals (nutrients) that organisms need to
live, grow and reproduce.

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 Hydrosphere
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Hydrosphere : Hydro means (water) in Greek

• It consists of the earth’s liquid water (oceans,
lakes, rivers, other bodies of surface water,
and underground water),frozen water (polar ice caps),
and water vapour.a
• It Covers 71% of the earth surface.
• About 97% of the earth’s water is saline water.
• Oceans can reach a depth of over 10 km!
• The deepest region is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.
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 Hydrosphere- Hydrological cycle
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

▪ It collects, purifies, and distributes

the earth‘s fixed supply of water
from the environment to living
organisms, then back again to the
environment.
The water cycle is powered by energy
from the sun, which causes
evaporation of water from the
oceans, lakes, rivers, and soil.
Evaporation changes liquid water to
water vapor in the atmosphere, and
gravity draws water back to the
earth‘s surface as precipitation (rain,
snow, ..)
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 Hydrosphere- Hydrological cycle
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

• Roots of plants absorb some of this water, most of which evaporates from plant leaves
back into the atmosphere.

• Part of the water that reaches the atmosphere evaporates from the surface of plants
through a process called Transpiration.

• So, the hydrological cycle processes are:

1- Evaporation.
2- Precipitation (Condensation).
3- Transpiration.

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 Atmosphere
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

• Atmosphere : Atmos means (vapour)

or (air) in Greek.
• Atmosphere is the cover of the
earths’ air and it is essential for all
living organisms.
• It is generally a mixture of gas as it
comprises Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen
(21%), Carbon dioxide, water vapor,
methane and argon,..(1%).
Structure of Atmosphere:
• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
• Exosphere
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 Biosphere
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

• Biosphere : Bio means (life) in Greek

• The zone of life on earth.

• Biosphere is the biological environment

where the living organisms exist and
interact with the physical environment.
• It consists of all living things like
plants, animals and small micro-
organisms like bacteria.

• This component interacts with the

abiotic component forming various
Ecosystems
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 Environmental science
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

❑ It is the interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationships with earth’s.

❑ It includes the basic concepts of physics, chemistry, geography, geology etc., which is
used in understanding the structure, function and physical characteristics of the
environment. Not enough?

As it seeks new, valid, contextual knowledge about the natural world and our impacts on
it, but obtaining this information creates a responsibility to get involved in trying to do
something about the problems human created..

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 Environmental science
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

▪ Since humans inhabit the natural world as

well as the “built” or technological, social,
and cultural world, all constitute important
parts of our environment.

▪ Therefore, there are many kinds of

knowledge contribute to solutions in
environmental science. A few examples are
shown:

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 Scope of environmental science
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Environmental science is an important tool to educate the people how to preserve the
quality environment including five points:

• Awareness: and appreciation of the natural and built environment and its related
problems.
• Knowledge: to acquire basic understanding of the environment, its associated
problems and their responsible role towards the improvement of the environment.

• Attitude: to acquire social values, strong feeling of concern for the environment and
the motivation for actively participating in its protection and improvement.

• Skills: to develop a critical-thinking to identify and solve the environmental problems.

• Application: to conduct environmental programs in terms of social, economic,…..etc.

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Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

▪ Environmental engineering is one of the fastest growing and most complex disciplines of
engineering. Environmental engineers solve problems and design systems using
knowledge of environmental concepts and ecology, thereby providing solutions to various
environmental problems.

▪ It is the application of engineering principles, science, education, ethics and law in the
protection and enhancement of the quality of environment, public health and welfare.

Role of Environmental Engineer

1. They are committed to protect human beings from the harmful

effects of environmental degradation caused by the pollution in
the environment due to population growth, rapid industrialization
and urbanization.

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Environmental Engineers Duties
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

2. Environmental engineer generally acts to build

a bridge between engineering, technology and
biology.

3. Make environmental strategies like evaluation

of environmental quality, steps for improvement
in the quality of water, air and food as well as
suggestions regarding the proper collection and
disposal of solid and liquid wastes from the city.

4. Keep in mind to protect natural resources

from the effect of disposal of hazardous waste,
toxic chemicals and radioactive waste.

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Environmental Engineers Duties
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

5. Have a special role of having good coordination

with other technocrats and engineers to make rapid
advancement in cleaning up the environment with
eco-friendly techniques.

6. The basic challenging role of them is to make public

aware about the environmental degradation and also
to impart training, so that, people participate in the
programs of keeping the environment clean.

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Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

NEED FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS

1. Necessity to maintain a natural balance, sensible planning
of development in order to save humanity from extinction.

2. To check nominal use of natural resources informing

authorities about the degradation of environment.

3. To educate and create awareness through media like: tv,

radio, short films, internet, mobile phones, etc.

4. To motivate and active participation of individuals in

protecting the environment from various types of pollution.

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 References
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

1. Cunningham, W. P., Cunningham, M. A., & Saigo, B. W. (2001). Environmental

science: A global concern (Vol. 412). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

2. Enger, E. D., Smith, B. F., & Bockarie, A. T. (2000). Environmental science: A

study of interrelationships (p. 434). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

3. Bagad, M. A. (2009). Environmental studies. Technical Publications.

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Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

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Faculty Said University
of Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

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