What has been done about the problem.

The specific developments or interventions regarding the exploration of diverse sleeping patterns and
their effects on the academic performance of students may vary.

Educational institutions can incorporate sleep education programs into their curriculum to enhance
understanding of sleep's importance for academic success, including information on optimal sleep
quantity and proper sleep hygiene .Educational institutions can provide mental health counseling to
address sleep-related issues, such as anxiety and depression, to provide coping strategies and support.
Academic institutions may review exam periods, workloads, and class schedules to balance classroom
demands with students' sleep needs, enhancing performance and overall well-being. Educational
institutions are exploring flexible learning plans, allowing students more control over study hours.
Collaboration between scholars, instructors, and medical experts could lead to evidence-based
strategies and interventions on sleep habits and academic achievement. Technological solutions, such as
wearable technologies and apps, can help students monitor their sleep habits in educational settings.
Schools can support these by offering resources and encouraging healthy sleep habits at home.
Establishing a healthy campus environment is crucial for overall health, including sleep, by creating
peaceful study areas, promoting physical exercise, and minimizing light and noise interference.

RATIONALE

Sleep is a physiological process essential to humans and their normal functioning. Sleep habits and
problems are also influenced by physical, mental, and environmental factors such as age, gender, job,
lifestyle, emotional tension, and noise (Irish et al, 2007). Adults require on average between seven and
nine hours of sleep each night. Both the quantity and quality of sleep play an important role in an
individual’s psychological and physical well-being. (P. Giri, M. Baviskar, and D. Phalke, “Study of sleep
habits and sleep problems among medical students of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences Loni,
Western Maharashtra, India,” Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51–54,
2013). During sleep, the brain conducts memory consolidation and integration; adequate and quality
sleep eliminates concentration difficulties (B. Rasch and J. Born, “About sleep's role in
memory,” Physiological Reviews, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 681–766, 2013) without which, judgments, mood,
and ability to learn and retain information are weakened. (M. T. Anim and F. Yirdong, “Effects of sleep
deprivation on students' learning: a study of medical students in University of Cape Coast,” Journal of
Counselling, Education, and Psychology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 122–138, 2013). Sleep also allows the brain to
better process new experiences and knowledge which increases understanding and retention. S. Majid,
F. Farah, M. S. Salahuddin et al., “Sleep deprivation and its associated factors among general ward
patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan,” Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 56, no. 12,
pp. 614–617, 2006).

Studies conducted on sleep indicate that one-third of adults suffer from sleep problems and that
students sleep less compared to the general population because of academic stress.( S. A. Ghoreishi and
A. H. Aghajani, “Sleep quality in Zanjan university medical students,” Tehran University Medical Journal,
vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 61–67, 2008). Students in schools are particularly susceptible to these increasing
demands on sleep. (J. D. Kloss, C. O. Nash, S. E. Horsey, and D. J. Taylor, “The delivery of behavioral sleep
medicine to college students,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 553–561, 2011).Poor
sleep quality has been found to be associated with high failure rates and poor academic performance.
(G. Curcio, M. Ferrara, and L. De Gennaro, “Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic
performance,” Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 323–337, 2006) & (S. K. Davies, J. E. Ang, V. L.
Revell et al., “Effect of sleep deprivation on the human metabolome,” Proceedings of the National
Acadamy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 111, no. 29, pp. 10761–10766, 2014).Students
with poor academic performance spend more hours at night reading and often deprive themselves of
sleep in a bid to improve their grades. This creates a vicious cycle that is associated with an adverse
effect on sleep quality and mental health. Sleep quality and duration is affected by factors such as age,
gender, and lifestyle.( O. Oluwole, “Sleep habits in Nigerian undergraduates,” Acta Neurologica
Scandinavica, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2010) & (H. G. Lund, B. D. Reider, A. B. Whiting, and J. R. Prichard,
“Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students,” Journal of
Adolescent Health, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 124–132, 2010).Lifestyle factors such as diet (heavy meals,
tyramine/tryptophan rich foods), alcohol, caffeine, drug use, and exercise may contribute to sleep
disturbances.

Sleep is crucial for overall health, especially for students, as it impacts academic achievement and
cognitive function. Teenagers' natural circadian rhythm shifts can make it difficult for them to fall asleep
early, leading to sleep deprivation. Inadequate sleep can hinder memory consolidation, focus, attention,
decision-making, and concentration. It also impacts mood, emotional well-being, and behavioral issues.
Excessive electronic device use can disrupt sleep patterns. Educational institutions and policymakers are
recognizing the importance of sleep and implementing later start times.