Bio 203 Trial question

1. Which one of the following animals has no digestive tract of any sort? 5.If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different orders and if
a. Tapeworm c. Earthworm e. Fluke organisms D, E, and F belong to the same order but to different families, which
b. Planarian d. Sea anemone of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the greatest
degree of structural homology?
Use the phylogenetic tree below to answer question 2 and 3 a. A and B d. A and C
b. B and D e. C and F
c. D and F

6.The best classification system is that which most closely

a. unites organisms that possess similar morphologies.
b. conforms to traditional, Linnaean taxonomic practices.
c. reflects evolutionary history.
d. corroborates the classification scheme in use at the time of Darwin.
e. reflects the basic separation of prokaryotes from eukaryotes.

Use the phylogenetic tree below to answer question 7 -9

2.Which of the pairs of organisms are the least related to each other
evolutionarily?
a. Trilobita and Insecta d. Insecta and Myriapoda
b. Insecta and Crustacea e. Trilobita and Chelicerata
c. Crustacea and Myriapoda

3.Which of the follow statement is true about the tree above?

a. Chelicerata and Crustacea are sister taxa
b. Arachnita, Trilobita and Chelicerate form a clade
c. Myriapoda is more closely related to Crustacea than Insecta to
Crustacea
d. Arachnata evolved before Mandibulata
e. Insecta evolved from Myriapoda

4.A phylogenetic tree that is ʺrootedʺ is one 7.A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number
a. that extends back to the origin of life on Earth. a. 1. b. 2. c.3 d. 4. e. 5.
b. at whose base is located the common ancestor of all taxa depicted on
that tree. 8.The two extant species that are most closely related to each other are
c. that illustrates the rampant gene swapping that occurred early in lifeʹs a. A and B. c. B and C. e. C and D.
history. b. D and E. d. E and A.
d. that indicates our uncertainty about the evolutionary relationships of the
taxa depicted on the tree. 9.23) Which species are extinct?
e. with very few branch points. a. A and E b. A and B c. C and D d. D and E
e. cannot be determined from the information provided
10.Which extinct species should be the best candidate to serve as the outgroup 15.Generally, within a lineage, the largest number of shared derived characters
for the clade whose common ancestor occurs at position 2? should be found among two organisms that are members of the same
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E a. kingdom. b. class c. domain. d. family. E. order

The following questions refer to the hypothetical patterns of taxonomic Use the terms below to answer the following question 16- 20
hierarchy shown in Figure X A) paraphyletic. B) polyphyletic. C) monophyletic.

16.Shared derived characters are most likely to be found in taxa that are (C)

17.A taxon, all of whose members have the same common ancestor, is (C)

18.The term that is most appropriately associated with clade is (C)

19.If birds are excluded from the class Reptilia, the term that consequently
describes the class Reptilia is (A)

20.If the eukaryotic condition arose, independently, several different times during
11. Which of the following numbers represents a polyphyletic taxon? evolutionary history, and if ancestors of these different lineages are extant and
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. more than one of these are classified in the domain Eukarya, then the domain Eukarya would be (B)

12.If this figure is an accurate depiction of relatedness, then which taxon is 21.When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is
unacceptable, based on cladistics? considered most important for classification?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 a. shared primitive characters d. analogous primitive characters
b. shared derived characters e. the number of homoplasies
13.Which of the following is not true of all horizontally oriented phylogenetic c. overall phenotypic similarity
trees, where time advances to the right?
a. Each branch point represents a point in absolute time. 22.Cladograms (a type of phylogenetic tree) constructed from evidence from
b. Organisms represented at the base of such trees are ancestral to those molecular systematics are based on similarities in
represented at higher levels. a. morphology. d. the pattern of embryological development.
c. The more branch points that occur between two taxa, the more b. biochemical pathways e. habitat and lifestyle choices.
divergent their DNA sequences should be. c. mutations to homologous genes.
d. The common ancestor represented by the rightmost branch point
existed more recently in time than the common ancestors represented at 23. Phylogenetic hypotheses (such as those represented by phylogenetic trees)
branch points located to the left. are strongest when
e. The more branch points there are, the more taxa are likely to be a. they are based on amino acid sequences from homologous proteins, as
represented. long as the genes that code for such proteins contain no introns.
b. each clade is defined by a single derived character.
14.The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, c. they are supported by more than one kind of evidence, such as when
which almost certainly possessed 3-chambered hearts. Birds and mammals, fossil evidence corroborates molecular evidence.
however, are alike in having 4 -chambered hearts (2 atria, 2 ventricles). The 4- d. they are accepted by the foremost authorities in the field, especially if
chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as they have won Nobel Prizes.
a. structural homologies. c vestiges. e. homoplasies. e. they are based on a single DNA sequence that seems to be a shared
b. the result of shared ancestry. d. molecular homologies derived sequence.
24.Species that are not closely related and that do not share many anatomical 31.Which of the following pairings is incorrect for organisms and their larvae
similarities can still be placed together on the same phylogenetic tree by a. Sponge ----- stomoblatula e. Butterfly ----- chrysalides
comparing their b. Tapeworm ----- cysticercus e. Schistosoma ---- miracidium
a. plasmids. c. Cnidarian ---- planula
b. homologous genes that are highly conserved.
c. chloroplast genomes. 32.All worms are characterised by:
d. mitochondrial genomes.
a. high reproduction intensity d. hermaphroditism
e. homologous genes that are poorly conserved.
b. the digestive system is absent e. the senses are absent
25.Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct c. metameric segmentation
species U and V. A grouping that includes species T, X, Y, and Z makes up
a. a valid taxon. 33.Which of the following statements is FALSE about arachnids?
b. a monophyletic clade. a. Their body is divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen
c. an ingroup, with species U as the outgroup. b. They include ticks, scorpions, and spiders
d. a paraphyletic grouping. c. Their anterior appendages are modified as fangs
e. a polyphyletic grouping d. They have more walking legs than insects
e. They have antenna and pedipalp
26.Flame cells are component of _____system in Platyhelminthes
a. excretory b. respiratory c. digestive d. nervous d. reproductive 34.Evajoice discovered an organism X near a river. X has two body divisions, two
pairs of antennae and five pair s of walking legs. X is likely to be in the same
27.Sponges are classified on the basis of class with
a. skeletal material c. number of ostia e. polymorphism a. squid b. shrimp c. oyster d. crab e. centipede
b. size of the osculum d. locomotory organs
35.What was an early selective advantage of a coelom in animals? A coelom
28.In sponges, gemmules are formed due to a. allowed cephalization and the formation of a cerebral ganglion
a. Regeneration d. totipotency of choanocytes b. was a more efficient digestive system
b. water canal system e. internal budding c. contributed to a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion
c. myocyte contractions d. allowed formation of totipotent cells
e. allowed the formation of open circulatory system
29.Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms?
a. A tissue level of organization 36.All the following organisms are nematodes except
b. A distinct head a. Schistosoma haematobium d. Wuchereria bancrofti
c. dorsoventrally flattened bodies b. Ascaris lumbricoides e. Dracunculus medinensis
d. radial symmetry c. Onchocerca volvulus
e. a digestive system with a single opening
37.Nematodes are termed as pseudocoelomate organism because
30.Organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that a. their body cavity that is not derived from the mesoderm
directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have b. their body cavity is lined with a peritoneum
a. an opened circulatory system. d. a closed circulatory system c. they have a complete digestive system
b. a metameric segmentation e. a metameric segmentation d. their body segmentation is not metameric
c. a gastrovascular cavity e. they Lack body cavity
38.Which of the following statement is true about tapeworms? 44.The adult Schistosoma haematobium parasitizes the blood vessels of the
a. The hooks and suckers on the scolex head are used for sucking blood in urinary bladder of humans. It evades the host immune system by …
the gut. a. possessing thick cuticle.
b. They have well-developed circulatory system b. producing segmented proglottids.
c. They are obligate parasite c. coating its integument with antigens from the host.
d. They are unsegmented d. burying itself deep in the inner layer of the blood vessel to avoid coming
e. The younger proglottids are the posterior part of the body into contact with the host antibodies.
e. differentiating its integument into host tissues.
39.Which of the statements is true about Cephalochordates?
a. The adults retain their notochord
45.The suckers in tapeworm are used for ….
b. They have three body divisions: ectoderm, mesoglea and endoderm
a. sucking blood from the mensenteric of the intestine.
c. They closed circulatory system
b. absorbing digested food from the ileum.
d. Their notochord is confirmed to the tail in both the larval and adult form
c. forming epiglottids.
e. During metamorphosis the tail is reabsorbed but the notochord
d. anchoring to the wall of the ileum.
disappears
e. forming a cyst.
40.Which of the following worms blocks lymphatic vessels to cause the
46.Which of the following statements about Porifera is true?
accumulation of tissue fluid?
a. They exhibit polymorphism.
a. Fasciola hepatica b. They are at the cellular level.
b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Their choanocytes are totipotent
c. Dracunculus medinensis d. Water is drawn into their spongocoel through the osculum.
d. Wuchereria bancrofti e. The mesoglea is acellular.
e. Onchocerca volvulus

41.The cuticle of Ascaris is an adaptation for …

a. parasitism c. growth e. locomotion
b. reproduction d. desiccation

42.Which will usually be respiring anaerobically?

a. Insects living under soil
b. Tapeworms living in the human intestine
c. Black fly larvae in fast-flowing water
d. Adult frogs beneath a pond
e. Planarians near a stream

43.Fusani discovered an organism X on the coast of Morocco. X has parapodia,

numerous setae, and metameric segmentation, but lacks clitellum. X is likely to
be in the same class with ….
a. Ascaris d. Nereis
b. Earthworm e. Leech
c. Fasciola