Chapter 18: chemical test

Sunday, March 17, 2024 5:58 PM

Testing for gases

Test hydrogen oxygen CO2 chlorine ammonia Sulfur dioxide
process Light splint Put the gas Bubble through Put litmus paper Litmus paper Bubble through acidify
in gas near splint lime water near the gas Potassium manganate (VII)
result Squeaky pop The splint relights Lime water Paper turn blench Turn blue Purple to colorless
turns milky white

Testing for water

□ Anhydrous copper(II) sulfurate
○ Turn white to blue
○ Disadv: cannot identify if it is pure or not
□ Melting/freezing point
○ Melting and freezing points can be used to identify the purity of water
○ Impure water would freeze at lower temperature and boil at high temperature

Testing for cations

□ Flame tests
lithium red
sodium yellow
potassium lilac
calcium Orange

□ Sodium hydroxide solution

→ Adding sodium hydroxide into a solution of positive metal ions, resulting in a precipitate of metal hydroxide.
○ Copper (II) ions - blue precipitate
○ Iron (II) ions - green precipitate
○ Iron (III) ions - orange-brown precipitate
○ Ammonia ions - sodium hydroxide solution + ammonium salt -> ammonia gas (turn litmus paper to blue)

Testing for anions

□ Carbonates
○ Metal carbonate + Dilute hydrochloric acid -> salt + CO2
○ Test for C02
□ Sulfates
○ Make an sulfate solution
○ Add barium chloride solution
○ White precipitate of barium sulfate will be formed
□ Halides
○ Solution of halides
○ Add dilute nitric acid
○ Sliver nitrate solution
▪ Sliver chloride - white precipitate
▪ Sliver bromide - cream precipitate
▪ Silver iodide - yellow precipitate

Testing Compound Reactant (salt) Reactant (acid) Products

(+) Metal ions Sodium hydroxide None - Blue
[make it solution] - Green
- Orange-brown
carbonates Any metal carbonates Dilute HCl - CO2 (+ salt)

Chemistry Page 1
Sulfates Barium sulfate White precipitate
[make it solution]
Halides Sliver nitrate Dilute Nitric - White
[make it solution] acid - Cream
- Yellow

Chemistry Page 2