Molecules can’t move

Molecules can move

Mobile phase Stationary phase

Separation depends on the
distribution of the substances
between the two phases

Separates substances
in a mixture

3.16 CHROMATOGRAPHY:
SEPARATING MIXTURES
Allows the constituent Chromatogram
substances of the mixture
to be identified
Depends on type of
Retention solvent used
Retention times
times
Different compounds have
different Rf values/
Distance moved by solvent Rf values retention times

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 Therefore travels quicker
through the column
Retention time Solid packed into a long
coiled tube ration The mixture is allowed to
More soluble chemical has a drain down the column
Each component of the mixture higher affinity for the solvent along with the mobile phase
takes a different amount of time Stationary phase is a solid or
to travel down the tube a solid coated by a liquid Used to separate Mobile phase
out solutions is a solvent
Mobile phase is an
unreactive carrier gas Used to separate
Gas Chromatography volatile liquids
(GC) Column Chromatography
Can be followed by (CC)
mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) 3.16 TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
Stationary phase is a glass
column packed with a slurry of
Thin Layer Chromatography an absorbent material
(TLC)
Reveals colourless
chemicals on the plate
Stationary phase is a glass
Mobile phase
or metal plate coated in UV light or locating agents
is a solvent
silica or alumina
This means it will move
further up the plate
The solvent moves up the paper,
carrying the substances in the More soluble chemical spends
mixture more time in the solvent
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