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Chromatography
Pendahuluan
What on Earth did scientist do before
Chromatography?
Extraction
is based on the difference in solubility material
is grounded, placed with a solvent which
dissolves soluble compounds. A second
extract solvent . The mixture is placed in a
separatory funnel
Crystallization
also based on the difference of solubility. The
solubility is solved in a fixed volume of solvent.
The purified compound crystallizes as solution
cools, evaporates or diffuses
Distillilation
separates components based on their volatility
typically via vaporization-condensation
method
Filtration
separate components of a mixture based on
their particle size. Used most often to
www.chemguide.co.uk/.../idealfract.html
separate a liquid from a solid
Brief History of Chromatography
1903 – Tswett, a Russian botanist coined the
term chromatography. He passed plant tissue
extracts through a chalk column to separate
pigments by differential adsorption
chromatogrpahy
1915 R.M Willstatter, German Chemist win
Nobel Prize for similar experiement
1922 L.S Palmer, American scientist used
Tswett’s techniques on various natural products
1931 Richard Kuhn used chromatography to
separate isomers oh polyene pigments; this is
the first known acceptance of chromatographic
methods
http://www.chemgeo.uni-hd.de/texte/kuhn.html
Why Chromatography?
Definition:
2.
Menurut IUPAC
Kromatografi adalah metode yang
digunakan untuk pemisahan
komponen dalam sampel dimana
komponen itu terdistribusi dalam
dua fase yang salah satunya diam
dan yang lainnya bergerak.
Principle:
The samples are subjected to flow by mobile liquid
phase onto or through the stable stationary phase. As
in the definition the principle involved is separation of
fractions of mixture based on their relative affinity
towards the two phases during their travel.
1. finding concentrations
gas chromatogram of gasoline
ion chromatogram of orange juice
each peak corresponds to a separate component in the
mixture
area of each peak is proportional to concentration
2. chemical fingerprinting
species identification
"killer" bees can be distinguished from native
bees by comparing gas chromatograms of
cuticle extracts
tracing contraband sources
detecting drugs in urine