S36 - Nonstructural Components and Nonbuilding Structures

S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC.
International Code Council (ICC)
NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
AND NONBUILDING STRUCTURES
Date: 22 February 2022
Session 36: Seismic 08
Dr. S. K. Ghosh
President, S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
S-8A SEng PRP

Training Program
2.5.14.3 Separation between adjacent

buildings
Buildings shall be protected from earthquake-
induced pounding from adjacent structures or
between structurally independent units of the same
building maintaining safe distance between such
structures as follows:
(i) for buildings, or structurally independent units,
that do not belong to the same property, the
distance from the property line to the potential
points of impact shall not be less than the computed
maximum horizontal displacement (Sec 2.5.7.7) of
the building at the corresponding level.
02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT
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www.skghoshassociates.com
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2.5.14.3 Separation between adjacent

buildings
(ii) for buildings, or structurally independent units,

belonging to the same property, if the distance
between them is not less than the square root of the
sum- of the squares (SRSS) of the computed
maximum horizontal displacements (Sec 2.5.7.7) of
the two buildings or units at the corresponding level.
(iii) if the floor elevations of the building or
independent unit under design are the same as
those of the adjacent building or unit, the above
referred minimum distance may be reduced by a
factor of 0.7.
Main Topics
ASCE 7/BNBC Requirements for Nonstructural

Components
ASCE 7 Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures
Nonstructural Component vs Nonbuilding Structure
4
2
BNBC -2020 Seismic Provisions are

Based on Those of ACSE 7-05
Applicable ASCE 7-05 Chapters
Chapter 13: Nonstructural Components

Chapter 15: Nonbuilding Structures
6
3
ASCE 7-05 Chapter 13

Nonstructural Components
Architectural (Section 13.5)
Mechanical & Electrical (Section 13.6)
Architectural Components
(Table 13.5-1) (Table 6.2.22)
• Nonstructural walls & partitions

• Parapets & chimneys
• Exterior nonstructural wall elements & connections
• Veneer
• Penthouses
• Ceilings
• Cabinets
• Access floors
• Signs
• Billboards
• Appendages
• Glazing
8
4
Mechanical Components
(Table 13.6-1) (Table 6.2.23)
 Boilers and furnaces

 HVAC
 Piping systems
 Engines
 Turbines
 Fans
 Furnaces
 Chillers
 Elevators
 Escalators
OSHPD/FDD
Electrical Components
(Table 13.6-1) (Table 6.2.23)
 Conduit
 Bus ducts
 Cable trays
 Lighting
10
5
13.1.2 Seismic Design Category
For the purposes of this chapter, nonstructural

components shall be assigned to the same seismic
design category as the structure that they occupy or
to which they are attached.
11
2.5.15 Seismic Design For Nonstructural

Components (13.1.4 Exemptions)
This Section establishes minimum design criteria for
nonstructural components that are permanently attached to
structures and for their supports and attachments. The
following components are exempt from the requirements of
this Section.
(1) Architectural components in Seismic Design Category B,
other than parapets supported by bearing walls or shear
walls, where the component importance factor, 𝐼𝑐(𝐼p) is equal
to 1.0.
(2) Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design
Category B.
Category C where the importance factor, 𝐼𝑐(𝐼p) is
equal to 1.0.
12
6

Components (13.1.4 Exemptions)
The following components are exempt from the requirements
of this Section.
Category D where the component importance factor, 𝐼𝑐(𝐼p) is
equal to 1.0 and either (a) flexible connections between the
components and associated ductwork, piping, and conduit
are provided, or (b) components are mounted at 1.2 m (4 ft)
or less above a floor level and weigh 1780 N (400 lb) or less.
Category C or D where the component importance factor, 𝐼𝑐
(𝐼p) is equal to 1.0 and (a) flexible connections between the
components and associated ductwork, piping, and conduit
are provided, and (b) the components weigh 89 N (20 lb) or
less or, for distribution systems, which weigh 73
N/m (5 lb/ft) or less.
13

Components
Where the individual weight of supported

components and non-building structures with
periods greater than 0.06 seconds exceeds 25
percent of the total seismic weight W, the structure
shall be designed considering interaction effects
between the structure and the supported
components.
Testing shall be permitted to be used in lieu of
analysis methods outlined in this Chapter to
determine the seismic capacity of components and
their supports and attachments.
14
7
ASCE 7-05 Section 13.1.5 Applicability of

Nonstructural Component Requirements
Where the weight of a nonstructural component is

greater than or equal to 25 percent of the effective
seismic weight, W, defined in Section 12.7.2, the
component shall be classified as a nonbuilding
structure and shall be designed in accordance with
Section 15.3.2.
15
ASCE 7-05 Section 13.1.5 Applicability of

Nonstructural Component Requirements
Nonbuilding structures (including storage racks and

tanks) that are supported by other structures shall
be designed in accordance with Chapter 15. Where
Section 15.3 requires that seismic forces be
determined in accordance with Chapter 13 and
values for Rp are not provided in Table 13.5-1 or
13.6-1, Rp shall be taken as equal to the value of R
listed in Chapter 15. The value of ap shall be
determined in accordance with footnote a of Table
13.5-1 or 13.6-1.
16
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ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

Structures Supported by Other Structures
Where nonbuilding structures identified in Table

15.4-2 [not similar to buildings] are supported by
other structures, and the nonbuilding structures are
not part of the primary seismic force-resisting
system, one of the following methods shall be used.
17

15.3.1 Less Than 25 percent Combined Weight
Condition.
For the condition where the weight of the nonbuilding
structure is less than 25 percent of the combined weight of
the nonbuilding structure and supporting structure, the
design seismic forces of the nonbuilding structure shall be
determined in accordance with Chapter 13 where the values
of Rp and ap shall be determined in accordance with Section
13.1.5. The supporting structure shall be designed in
accordance with the requirements of Chapter 12 or Section
15.5 as appropriate with the weight of the nonbuilding
structure considered in the determination of the
effective seismic weight, W.
18
9

15.3.2 Greater Than or Equal to 25 percent
Combined Weight Condition. For the condition
where the weight of the nonbuilding structure is
equal to or greater than 25 percent of the combined
weight of the nonbuilding structure and supporting
structure, an analysis combining the structural
characteristics of both the nonbuilding structure and
the supporting structures shall be performed to
determine the seismic design forces as follows:
19

15.3.2 (Contd.)
1. Where the nonbuilding structure has rigid component
dynamic characteristics (as defined in Section 15.4.2), the
nonbuilding structure shall be considered a rigid element
with appropriate distribution of its effective seismic weight.
The supporting structure shall be designed in accordance
with the requirements of Chapter 12 or Section 15.5 as
appropriate, and the R value of the combined system is
permitted to be taken as the R value of the supporting
structural system. The nonbuilding structure and attachments
shall be designed for the forces using the procedures of
Chapter 13 where the value of Rp shall be taken as equal to
the R value of the nonbuilding structure as set forth
in Table 15.4-2 and ap shall be taken as 1.0.
20
10

15.3.2 (Contd.)
2. Where the nonbuilding structure has nonrigid
characteristics (as defined in Section 15.4.2), the nonbuilding
structure and supporting structure shall be modeled together
in a combined model with appropriate stiffness and effective
seismic weight distributions. The combined structure shall be
designed in accordance with Section 15.5 with the R value of
the combined system taken as the lesser R value of the
nonbuilding structure or the supporting structure. The
nonbuilding structure and attachments shall be designed for
the forces determined for the nonbuilding structure in the
combined analysis.
21
When Do Provisions Apply?

(Exceptions: Section 13.1.4 (2.5.15))
SDC B
• Arch: Parapets
• Arch: when 𝐼 > 1 (𝐼 > 1)
SDC C
• Arch: All
• Elec & Mech: when 𝐼 > 1 (𝐼 > 1)
SDC D, E, & F
• Arch, Elec, & Mech: basically always
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What is 𝑰𝑷 (𝐼 )?
𝐼 (𝐼 ) is Component Importance Factor

𝐼 (𝐼 ) is set forth in Section 13.1.3 (2.5.15.1)
𝐼 (𝐼 ) is either 1.0 or 1.5
23
13.1.3 Component Importance Factor

The component importance factor, Ip, shall be taken as 1.5 if
any of the following conditions apply:
1. The component is required to function for life-safety
purposes after an earthquake, including fire protection
sprinkler systems.
2. The component contains hazardous materials.
3. The component is in or attached to an Occupancy
Category IV structure and it is needed for continued
operation of the facility or its failure could impair the
continued operation of the facility. All other components shall
be assigned a component importance factor, Ip, equal to 1.0.
24
12
What Force Do You Need to Design For?

(ASCE 7-05 Section 13.3.1)
0.4𝑎𝑝𝑆𝐷𝑆𝑊𝑝 𝑧
𝐹𝑝 = 1 2
𝑅𝑝 ℎ
𝐼𝑝
25

(BNBC-2020 Section 2.5.15.3)
𝛼 𝑎 𝑊𝐼 𝑧
𝐹 = 1 2
𝑅 ℎ
26
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What is 𝒂𝒉 ?
𝒂𝒉 is expected horizontal peak ground acceleration

(in g) for design
𝑎 𝑍𝑆
0.4 𝑆𝐹 0.4 𝑆
.
𝐹 1 2
27
What is 𝒂𝒑 (𝜶𝒄 )?
𝒂𝒑 (𝜶𝒄 ) is Amplification Factor

𝒂𝒑 (𝜶𝒄 ) is set forth in Tables 13.5-1 (Table 6.2.22)
for architectural components & 13.6-1 (Table
6.2.23) for mechanical and electrical
𝒂𝒑 (𝜶𝒄 ) is either 1.0 or 2.5, with one exception
28
14

(Section 13.3.1) (2.5.15.3)
𝐹𝑝 = 1 2
𝑅𝑝 ℎ
𝐼𝑝
29
Explanation of 𝑭𝒑 Equation
1.2SDS
AB = 0.4SDS (1+2zB/h)
B
Floor
Acceleration h
Distribution zB
A
AA= 0.4SDS (1+2zA/h)
0.4SDS zA
30
15

(Section 13.3.1) (2.5.15.3)
𝐹𝑝 = 1 2
𝑅𝑝 ℎ
𝐼𝑝
31
What is 𝑹𝒑 ?
𝑅𝑝 is Component Response Modification Factor

𝑅𝑝 is set forth in Tables 13.5-1 & 13.6-1 (Tables
6.2.22 & 6.2.23)
𝑅𝑝 ranges from 1.0 to 12.0
32
16

(Section 13.3.1) (2.5.15.3)
The force (Fp) shall be applied independently in at

least two orthogonal horizontal directions in
combination with service loads associated with the
component, as appropriate. For vertically
cantilevered systems, however, the force Fp shall be
assumed to act in any horizontal direction. In
addition, the component shall be designed for a
concurrent vertical force +0.2SDSWp. The
redundancy factor, ρ, is permitted to be taken equal
to 1 and the overstrength factor, Ωo, does not apply.
33

(Section 13.3.1) (2.5.15.3)
Where nonseismic loads on nonstructural

components exceed Fp, such loads shall govern the
strength design, but the detailing requirements and
limitations prescribed in this chapter shall apply.
34
17
Seismic Relative Displacements
The effects of seismic relative displacements are

required to be considered (Section 13.3.2)
(2.5.15.4).
35
13.3.2 (2.5.15.4) Seismic Relative

Displacements
The effects of seismic relative displacements shall
be considered in combination with displacements
caused by other loads as appropriate. Seismic
relative displacements (Dp) shall be determined in
accordance with the equations set forth in Sections
13.3.2.1 and 13.3.2.2.
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13.3.2.1 Displacements within Structures
For two connection points on the same Structure A

or the same structural system, one at a height hx
and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be determined
as
Dp = δxA − δyA (13.3-5)
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13.3.2.1 Displacements within Structures
Alternatively, Dp is permitted to be determined using

modal procedures described in Section 12.9, using
the difference in story deflections calculated for
each mode and then combined using appropriate
modal combination procedures. Dp is not required to
be taken as greater than
Dp = (hx − hy )ΔaA/hsx (13.3-6)
38
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13.3.2.2 Displacements between Structures
For two connection points on separate Structures A

and B or separate structural systems, one at a
height hx and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be
determined as
Dp = |δx A| + |δy B| (13.3-7)
Dp is not required to be taken as greater than
Dp = hxΔaA/hsx + hyΔaB /hsx (13.3-8)
39
13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage

(2.5.15.2 Component force transfer)
Components shall be attached such that the

component forces are transferred to the structure.
Component attachments shall be bolted, welded, or
otherwise positively fastened without consideration
of frictional resistance produced by the effects of
gravity. A continuous load path of sufficient strength
and stiffness between the component and the
supporting structure shall be provided.
40
20

(2.5.15.2 Component force transfer)
Local elements of the structure including
connections shall be designed and constructed for
the component forces where they control the design
of the elements or their connections. The
component forces shall be those determined in
Section 13.3.1, except that modifications to Fp and
Rp due to anchorage conditions need not be
considered. The design documents shall include
sufficient information relating to the attachments to
verify compliance with the requirements of this
section.
41
13.4.1 Design Forces. The force in the attachment

shall be determined based on the prescribed forces
and displacements for the component determined
specified in Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2, except that
Rp shall not be taken as larger than 6 (ASCE 7-10).
42
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13.4.2 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry

13.4.2.1 Anchors in Concrete
Anchors in concrete shall be designed in
accordance with Appendix D of ACI 318.
43
Anchorage of Nonstructural
Components
Design Forces Section 13.4.1
Anchors in Concrete or Masonry Section 13.4.2
Installation Conditions Section 13.4.3
Multiple Attachments Section 13.4.4
Power Actuated Fasteners Section 13.4.5
Friction Clips Section 13.4.6
44
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Special Certification
 Q: Where in the code?

 A: ASCE 7-05 Section 13.2.2 & 2009 IBC Section 1708.4.
 Q: Applies to what?
 A: SDC C-F mech & elec equipment with 𝐼 > 1* and SDC
C-F components with hazardous contents with 𝐼 > 1*
 Q: Requires what?
 A: Special Certification
*Designated seismic system is defined in ASCE 7-05 Section 11.2 (Ip>1.0)
45
For Mechanical and Electrical Equipment……show that

equipment remains operable following design earthquake
by:
Shake table testing in accordance with Section 13.2.5
or
Experience data in accordance with Section 13.2.6
or
Analysis
46
23
For Components with Hazardous Contents…show that

containment is maintained following design earthquake
by:
 Shake table testing in accordance with Section
13.2.5 or
 Experience data in accordance with Section 13.2.6
or
 Analysis
47
2009 IBC Chapter 17 Periodic Special

Inspection Requirements
1707.5 Storage racks & access floors
1707.6 Architectural components
1707.7 Mechanical & electrical components
48
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Specifics for Architectural Components
Exterior Walls & Section 13.5.3

Connections
Glass Sections 13.5.4 &
13.5.9
Suspended Ceilings Section 13.5.6
Access floors Section 13.5.7.2
Partitions Section 13.5.8
49
Specifics for Mechanical & Electrical

Components
Utility & Service Lines Section 13.6.6
HVAC Ductwork Section 13.6.7
Piping Systems Section 13.6.8
Boilers & Pressure Vessels Section 13.6.9
Elevators & Escalators Section 13.6.10
50
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Nonbuilding Structures
What Are They?
51
Requirements for Nonbuilding

Structures in BNBC-2020
BNBC-2020 Section 2.5.18 points to Chapter 15 of ASCE
7-05 for nonbuilding structures.
“Calculation of seismic design forces on non-building
structures (e.g. chimney, self-supported overhead water/fluid
tank, silo, trussed tower, storage tank, cooling tower,
monument and other structures not covered in Sec 2.5) shall
be in accordance with "Chapter 15: Seismic Design
Requirements for Non-Building Structures, Minimum Design
Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE Standard
ASCE/SEI 7-05" complying with the requirements of Sec 2.5
of this Code.”
52
26
ASCE 7-05 Scope: Exception 4
Vehicular bridges
Electrical transmission towers
Hydraulic structures
Buried utility lines
Nuclear reactors
53
Nonbuilding Structures Similar to

Buildings
54
27
Nonbuilding Structures NOT Similar to

Buildings
55
Similar to Buildings:
See Section 15.4.1.

Same as for buildings.
Use Table 12.2.-1 , plus
Table 15.4-1.
Calculate period per
Section 15.4.4.
56
28
Table 15.4- 1
Seismic Coefficients for Nonbuilding
Structures Similar to Buildings
Structural System and
Nonbuilding Structure Detailing Height Limits (ft)a
R Ωo Cd
Type Requirements
A &B C D E F
Building frame systems:
Ordinary steel
concentrically braced AISC 341 3.25 2 3.25 NL NL 35b 35b NPb
frame
With permitted height

AISC 341 2.5 2 2.5 NL NL 160 160 100
increase
With unlimited height AISC 360 1.5 1 1.5 NL NL NL NL NL
57
57
Table 15.4- 1
Seismic Coefficients for Nonbuilding
Structures Similar to Buildings
Trade-off between R-value and height limit is also

allowed for:
Intermediate steel moment frames
Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frames
Ordinary moment frames of steel
Ordinary reinforced concrete moment frames
58
29
NOT Similar to Buildings:

See Section 15.4.1.
Same as for buildings but with different 𝑅, Ωo,𝐶𝑑
table (Table 15.4-2) & more “minimum checks” on
base shear.
Calculate period per
Section 15.4.4.
59
Design Force Equations
V  CS W
SD1 S
CS   DS for T  TL
(R/I)T (R/I)
S T
 2D1 L for T  TL
T (R/I)
 0.03
0.8S1
 where S1  0.6g
(R/I)
60
30
What is 𝑰?
𝐼 is the Importance Factor

𝐼 is set forth in Section 15.4.1.1, which references
Table 11.5-1
𝐼 is either 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5
61
How Do You Determine T?
See Section 15.4.4 Fundamental Period

……Equations 12.8-7, 12.8-8, 12.8-9, and 12.8-10
shall not be used for determining the period of a
nonbuilding structure.
62
31
15.4.4 Fundamental Period

The fundamental period of the nonbuilding structure
shall be determined using the structural properties
and deformation characteristics of the resisting
elements in a properly substantiated analysis as
indicated in Section 12.8.2. Alternatively, the
fundamental period T is permitted to be computed
from the following equation:
63
15.4.4 Fundamental Period

The values of fi represent any lateral force
distribution in accordance with the principles of
structural mechanics. The elastic deflections, δi, shall
be calculated using the applied lateral forces, fi.
Equations 12.8-7, 12.8-8, 12.8-9, and 12.8-10 shall
not be used for determining the period of a
nonbuilding structure.
64
32
Specifics for Similar to Buildings
Pipe Racks Section 15.5.2

Steel Storage Racks Section 15.5.3
Electrical Power Generating Section 15.5.4
Facilities
Towers Supporting Tanks & Section 15.5.5
Vessels
Piers & Wharves Section 15.5.6
(accessible to the public)
65
Specifics for NOT Similar to Buildings
Earth-Retaining Structures Section 15.6.1

Stacks & Chimneys Section 15.6.2
Amusement Structures Section 15.6.3
Special Hydraulic Structures Section 15.6.4
Secondary Containment Section 15.6.5
Structures
Tanks & Vessels Section 15.6.7
66
33
15.4.5 Drift Limitations
The drift limitations of Section 12.12.1 need not

apply to nonbuilding structures if a rational analysis
indicates they can be exceeded without adversely
affecting structural stability or attached or
interconnected components and elements such as
walkways and piping. P-delta effects shall be
considered where critical to the function or stability
of the structure.
67
What Is It?
Nonstructural Component
or
Nonbuilding Structure
68
34
What Is It?
Nonstructural Components
Access floors
Ch. 13
Air conditioning units Escalator Components
Air distribution boxes Evaporators Nonbuilding
Air handlers Furnaces
Air separators Generators Structures Not
Battery racks Heat exchangers Similar to
Boilers HVAC
Inverters Buildings
Cabinet heaters
Cabinets Lighting fixtures Ch. 15
Cable trays Manufacturing equipment Billboards and Signs
Ceilings Motor control centers Bins Amusement structures
Chillers Motors Chimneys Hoppers (elevated)
Communication equipment Panel boards Conveyors Monuments
Compressors Parapets Stacks Silos (cast-in-place concrete having
Computers Penthouse (except where framed by an Tanks walls to foundation)
Ductwork extension of the building frame) Towers Storage racks (steel)
Electrical conduit Piping Vessels
Elevator Plumbing Cooling Towers
Engines Process equipment
Switch gear Pumps
Transformers Wall panel
Tubing Walls
Turbines Water heaters
Veneer Vibration isolated components
and systems
69
These Can Be Either
Billboards and Signs Tanks

Bins Towers
Chimneys Vessels
Conveyors Cooling Towers
Stacks
70
35
What Are Some Differences?
~ WARNING ~
What you are about to see….
For Guidance Only

Generalizations Made
Generalizations Don’t Always Apply
Common Sense Necessary
71
SIZE
Nonstructural Components Nonbuilding Structures
Small enough to fit in Typically, large

building
Somewhere around 10’
(arbitrary!) tall
Usually transported in one
piece on a truck
72
36
Designer’s Option
Designer always has the option of calculating both

ways and using more conservative answer.
73
ASSEMBLY LOCATION
Usually requires no Usually assembled at jobsite

assembly at jobsite
Weight is likely small
relative to structure’s
weight
74
37
BASIS FOR CONSTRUCTION

Usual function is for arch, Usually, to maintain

mech, elec purposes structural integrity
Usually constructed to resist
gravity and lateral loads
75
Example: Seismic Design of Parapets
900 mm
@ 1200 mm c/c
6000 mm
180-mm
76
38

Weight of the parapet per linear foot is
𝑊𝑝 = 24.52 x 0.9 x 0.18 = 3.97 kN/m
The seismic lateral force acting at the centroid of the

parapet is given by ASCE Equation (13.3-1) as
𝐹𝑝 = 0.4𝑎𝑝𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐼𝑝 /𝑅𝑝 1 2𝑧/ℎ 𝑊𝑝
Where 𝐼𝑝 = component importance factor = 1.0
77
SDS = 0.5g
Wp = weight of parapet = 3.97 kN/m
ap = component amplification factor from ASCE Table 13.5-1

= 2.5
h = height of roof above the base = 6 m.
z = height of parapet at point of attachment = 6 m.
78
39
𝑅𝑝 = component response modification factor from

ASCE Table 13.5-1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑝 = (0.4 x 2.5 x 0.5 × 1.0 / 2.5) (1 + 2 x 6/6)𝑊𝑝
= 0.6𝑊𝑝 = 2.38 kN/m
Neither ASCE Equation (13.3-2) nor (13.3-3)
governs, and the bending moment at the base of
the parapet is
𝑀𝑝 = 0.45 𝐹𝑝 = 1.07 kN-m/m
79
Questions?
Thank you
80
40

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S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC.

International Code Council (ICC)

Session 36: Seismic 08

S-8A SEng PRP

2.5.14.3 Separation between adjacent

2.5.14.3 Separation between adjacent

(ii) for buildings, or structurally independent units,

ASCE 7/BNBC Requirements for Nonstructural

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

BNBC -2020 Seismic Provisions are

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

Applicable ASCE 7-05 Chapters

Chapter 13: Nonstructural Components

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

ASCE 7-05 Chapter 13

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

• Nonstructural walls & partitions

 Boilers and furnaces

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

13.1.2 Seismic Design Category

For the purposes of this chapter, nonstructural

02/22/2022 URP | RAJUK | S-8 COMPONENT

2.5.15 Seismic Design For Nonstructural

2.5.15 Seismic Design For Nonstructural

2.5.15 Seismic Design For Nonstructural

Where the individual weight of supported

ASCE 7-05 Section 13.1.5 Applicability of

Where the weight of a nonstructural component is

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ASCE 7-05 Section 13.1.5 Applicability of

Nonbuilding structures (including storage racks and

ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

Where nonbuilding structures identified in Table

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ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

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ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

ASCE 7-05 Section 15.3 Nonbuilding

When Do Provisions Apply?

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𝐼 (𝐼 ) is Component Importance Factor

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13.1.3 Component Importance Factor

What Force Do You Need to Design For?

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What Force Do You Need to Design For?

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𝒂𝒉 is expected horizontal peak ground acceleration

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𝒂𝒑 (𝜶𝒄 ) is Amplification Factor

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What Force Do You Need to Design For?

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What Force Do You Need to Design For?

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𝑅𝑝 is Component Response Modification Factor

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What Force Do You Need to Design For?

The force (Fp) shall be applied independently in at

What Force Do You Need to Design For?