ISSUES MUNICIPAL LAW INTERNATIONAL LAW

Republic Act 9231 Convention on the Rights of the

Child (CRC) by the United Nations
Act Providing for the Elimination General Assembly in 1989.
of the Worst Forms of Child
Social
Labor and Affording Stronger - The Convention
· Child Labor Protection for the Working incorporates the full range
Child. of human rights - civil,
political, economic, social
- Provide special and cultural rights - of
protection to children children into one single
from all forms of abuse, document.
neglect, cruelty,
exploitation and Source: UN Centre for Human
discrimination, and other Rights and People’s Movement for
conditions prejudicial to Human Rights Learning
their development www.pdhre.org
including child labor and
its worst forms.

Republic Act No. 10368 Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (UDHR)
Also known as the Human
Rights Victims Reparation and - lays down the obligations of
Recognition Act of 2013 Governments to act in certain
ways or to refrain from certain
Political
- This law recognizes the acts, in order to promote and
protect human rights and
· Human victims of human rights
fundamental freedoms of
Rights violations during the
individuals or groups.
Marcos regime and
provides for the Source: Retrieved from United Nations
compensation and https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/hum
recognition of those who an-rights
suffered under martial
law. It acknowledges the
state's responsibility for
the abuses that occurred
 during that period.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. ILO Convention No. 122 -

442 Employment Policy Convention

- The State shall afford - With a view to stimulating

Economic
protection to labor, economic growth and
· Employment promote full employment, development, raising levels
ensure equal work of living, meeting manpower
opportunities regardless requirements and
of sex, race or creed, overcoming unemployment
and regulate the and underemployment, each
relations between Member should declare and
workers and employers. pursue, as a major goal, an
The State shall assure active policy designed to
the rights of workers to promote full, productive and
self-organization, freely chosen employment.
collective bargaining,
security of tenure and Source: Retrieved from
just and humane International Labour Organization
conditions of work.

Environmental Republic Act No. 10654 Article 61 Conservation of the

living resources
Dynamite Fishing An Act to prevent, deter and
eliminate illegal, unreported and - Addresses the
unregulated fishing, amending conservation and
Republic Act No. 8550, known management of the living
resources of the sea,
as the "Philippine Fisheries
including measures to
Code of 1998" and for other prevent overfishing and
purposes. environmental degradation
caused by destructive
- Its goal is to improve fishing practices such as
the conservation and dynamite fishing.
sustainable management
of Philippine fisheries Source:
resources by addressing https://www.un.org/depts/los/conve
illicit, unreported, and ntion_agreements/texts/unclos/uncl
unregulated (IUU) fishing
os_e.pdf
operations. The law
 strengthens penalties for
violators, including
increased fines and jail,
and tightens rules on
commercial fishing
vessels, such as
required vessel
monitoring equipment.

Cultural REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8371 The UNESCO World Heritage

Convention
Protection of An act to recognize, protect and
Cultural Heritage promote the rights of - An international
indigenous cultural convention that identifies,
communities/indigenous protects, and preserves
peoples, creating a national cultural and natural heritage
commission on indigenous sites with extraordinary
peoples, establishing universal importance. This
implementing mechanisms, treaty allows cultural
appropriating funds therefor, heritage sites, including
and for other purposes those of indigenous peoples,
to be classified as World
- The indigenous Heritage Sites. By
peoples rights act (ipra) recognizing and protecting
of 1997 in the philippines indigenous cultural heritage
recognizes and protects sites, the World Heritage
indigenous cultural Convention helps the
communities' rights to worldwide effort to preserve
their ancestral domains, humanity's shared cultural
which include holy legacy and foster
places, burial grounds, intercultural understanding.
and other culturally
significant regions.This Source:
law establishes methods https://whc.unesco.org/en/conventi
for indigenous groups to
on/
take part in the
management and
conservation of their
cultural heritage sites,
assuring their
preservation for future
 generations.

Technological / Republic Act No. 10175 Convention on Cybercrime or

Informational Council of Europe Convention
An act defining cybercrime, on Cybercrime.
Cybercrime providing for the prevention,
investigation, suppression and - The convention aims to
the imposition of penalties help in the fight against
therefor and for other purposes crimes that can only be
committed through the use
- It defines a variety of of technology, where the
computer-related devices are both the tool for
offenses, such as committing the crime and
unauthorized access, the target of the crime, and
hacking, identity theft, crimes where technology
and cybercrime. The law has been used to enhance
establishes procedures another crime, such as fraud
for investigating,
prosecuting, and Source:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/E
punishing cybercrimes, N/legal-content/summary/conventio
including penalties for n-on-cybercrime.html
offenders. Furthermore,
RA 10175 includes
measures to protect
persons' online rights,
such as provisions for
electronic evidence
storage and safeguards
against online libel.