Unit 7 Diet and growth

Nutrients : substances found in food that you need to stay healthy

1. Carbohydrate
• Carbohydrates give you __________________.
• Starch is a type of carbohydrate that is broken down to make a sugar called
__________________, which is a fuel for __________________ to release energy

2. Protein
• Important for making new __________________.
• Helps the body g__________________ and r__________________.
• Needed to make h__________________ and a__________________.

3. Fats and oils

• __________________ (solid at room temperature) and __________________ (liquid at
room temperature) give you energy
• Needed to make cell __________________

Energy stores
We get energy from the carbohydrates and fats that we eat, __________________ also
provides us energy when we run out of carbohydrates and fats. __________________ also
provide heat insulation.

__________________ term energy stores: small amounts of carbohydrates are stored in

your cells.
__________________ term energy stores: fats are stored in special cells underneath the
skin and around some of the body organs.

4. Water
• Water is needed for many di erent purposes in the body. C__________________ and
b__________________ contain a lot of water.
• Water in cells allows all the di erent __________________ inside them to dissolve, so
that they can __________________ together.

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 • Water in __________________ allows it to ow easily and transport substance around
the body.

5. Vitamins

Vitamin Function De ciency Foods

Vitamin_______ Helps your eyes work well May not be able to see green vegetables,
___________ anything at night
carrots, fruits, foods
made from milk
Vitamin Helps skin stay strong and __________________- feel Fresh fruit and
______________ heal quickly weak, swollen and bleeding vegetables, citrus fruits,
____ gums potatoes and colourful
Keeps blood vessels and berries
bones healthy

Vitamin Strong bones and teeth __________________- bones Oily sh, sunlight.
______________ dont grow normally
____ Helps body absorb calcium
from food you eat

6. Minerals

Mineral Function De ciency Foods

__________________ Keep bones and teeth __________________ - Seeds, nuts, milk

strong reduced bone strength,
fragile bones

__________________ For haemoglobin __________________ - Meat, dark green

production not enough oxygen vegetables, sh,
transported around the shell sh, nuts and seeds
body.

Fibre (not a nutrient but it is still important)

• Fibre is mostly __________________
• Fibre travels all the way through your __________________ system and does not go
into blood or cells
• It prevent __________________

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 7.2 A balanced diet

A diet that provides all the di erent kinds of nutrients, should also give you the right
amount of energy.

The energy in food you eat is equal to the energy that you use up. Most energy comes
from the c__________________ and f__________________ that you eat.

Di erent people need di erent diets. Everyone needs plenty of __________________ and
__________________ but people vary in __________________ and __________________ they
need.

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7.3 Growth, development and health
Growth

Every person on earth began their life as a __________________ cell. The call is
__________________ into two cells and each cell grows and divide again. Eventually they
form a little ball of cells called e__________________ and eventually a baby. After the baby
is born It continues to grow until 18-20 years old.

Cells contain a lot of __________________, energy is needed to make cells divide.

Development
Everyone grows and d__________________ at di erent rates in di erent ways.
Development happens when the we go through di erent stages of change from a baby to
an adult. For example, as a baby grows into a child, its muscles and bones become
stronger, Its brain also develops so that It can learn to talk and play.

Health
Other than having a balanced and healthy diet, it is important to take regular exercise to
have a healthy life.

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Smoking
__________________ in cigarettes contains many di erent harmful substances.

7.4 Moving the body

Skeleton
Animals’ bodies are supported
by a __________________. Insects
and other arthropods have
__________________.
Bones are hard and strong.
Bones need __________________
to grow properly and
__________________ to build
strong bones.

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Joints
Movement in the skeleton is due to __________________ between the two bones.
__________________ joints: They allow bones move back and forth in __________________
direction.
__________________ and __________________ joints: These joints one has an end shaped
like a ball and the other has s socket and allows bones to move in a __________________
circle.

Muscles
• Muscles move bones at joints
• Muscles are able to __________________ - energy is needed for muscles to contract,
and the energy is released from__________________
• Muscles are attached to bones by __________________. When muscles contract it pulls
on the tendon which pulls on the bones

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Biceps have two __________________ attached to the scapula. The longer and thinner
muscle is known as the __________________.

When you decide to bend your arm, your brain sends an electrical impulse along a
neurone, to your biceps muscle.

Muscles can generate a force by getting shorter, or __________________. But they cannot
generate a force by getting __________________.

When you e__________________ your elbow joint, your triceps are __________________, to
pull the arm straight.

Muscles that work together are known as __________________ muscles. When one of
them contracts, it moves the bones at a joint in one direction. When the other muscle
contracts, it moves the bones in the other direction.

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Test yourself:

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