THE LANGUAGE

OF RESEARCH,
CAMPAIGNS,
AND ADVOCACIES

E N G LI S H 1 0 Q 2 M 1
RESEARCH
- is an imperative area in not just
the field of education, but in
other fields as well.
RESEARCH
- it primarily focuses upon
improving quality and is a
research for knowledge
(Kapur, 2018).
RESEARCH
- it shows how to make
provisions of solutions to a
problem in a scientific and
methodical manner.
 RESEARCH
You will be encountering these words in a
research like design, data, significance,
evidence, treatment, experiment, conclusions,
observations, and statistics.
Terms Definition
it is to plan (or a plan of) how
DESIGN something will be made or
done.
these are collected facts or
DATA
information.
 Terms Definition
these are important data and
SIGNIFICANCE meaningful findings in a
research.
observations or information
that can help solve a crime or
EVIDENCE
show whether something is
true or false.
 Terms Definition

it is the course of action

TREATMENT
designed for research
it is a test to see what happens
EXPERIMENT when all factors (variables) but
one is controlled
 Terms Definition
it is a summary of what has
CONCLUSION been learned or shown at the
end of a study
it is looking carefully at
OBSERVATION
something
 Terms Definition

it is the organization and study

STATISTICS
of numerical data
CAMPAIGN
- this can be a single ad or a
series of ads.
CAMPAIGN
- it has ads that revolve around a
single idea.
CAMPAIGN
- it has varying purposes, they are
created using similar structures
using persuasive language in
order to convince audiences to
perform a certain function.
FIVE DIMENSIONS OF
CAMPAIGN
 1. AWARENESS
RAISING
this is intended to make
the problem to be
addressed known by the
general public.
 2. RESEARCH
▪ another dimension that is
based on research, since it
provides the necessary
knowledge to take action
 2. RESEARCH
▪ many stakeholders are
involved here for the
complexity of the topics
 2. RESEARCH
Experimenting to come up with a
vaccine to cure COVID 19.

EXAMPLE:
3. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION
▪ these are used by grassroots-
based social movements, but
also as a tool for the elite and
the state itself
3. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION
▪ involves a lot of different groups
like, civic organizations, religions,
and actions of members of
institutions like, mass meetings,
processions, and demonstrations.
3. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION
EDSA Revolution,
Human Rights Rally

EXAMPLE:
 4. TRAINING
▪ it is the process focused on a
clear and specific target
 4. TRAINING
▪ it further develops the contents,
but also the scope and the
vision
 4. TRAINING
▪ it completes the information-
understanding cycle
 4. TRAINING
Training police for proper actions
on crime

EXAMPLE:
 5. LOBBYING
▪ it is an act to influence decisions
made by officials in the
government
 5. LOBBYING
▪ it is very effective since it points
directly to the legislator and
regulatory agencies
 5. LOBBYING
POLITICS OF COALITION-BUILDING
FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORM: A
PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE

EXAMPLE:
ADVOCACY
it is an action for a cause or purpose
such as a media campaign of an
non-government organization or
NGO that works for human rights to
find shareholders and partners to
sustain its activity.
 1. SELF-ADVOCACY
▪ To speak up and ask for what you
need
▪ Self-advocacy helps you take charge
of your life and be more independent
 PERSUASION
is the COMMON LANGUAGE
of research, campaign, and
advocacy
 PERSUASION
Convincing others to change their point of
view, agree to a commitment , purchase a
product or service, or take a course of
action.
 PERSUASION
Were you convinced to buy an item just
because you were persuaded since he
was so persuading?
 PERSUASION
Persuasion can also be applied in writing.

Here are some of LANGUAGE FEATURES or

LANGUAGE DEVICES usually employed in
persuasive writing.
 PERSUASION
Persuasion can also be applied in writing.
Here are some of LANGUAGE FEATURES
or language devices usually employed in
persuasive writing.
 LANGUAGE FEATURES IN
PERSUASIVE WRITING
 1. EMOTIVE LANGUAGE
involves the use of words that
evokes emotion and make people
feel a certain way.
1. EMOTIVE LANGUAGE
commonly used technique
when writing headlines in
newspapers or delivering
speeches.
 1. EMOTIVE LANGUAGE
1. The robbers brutally murdered the poor
victim after looting his all belongings.

2. The robbers killed a man after looting

him.
(non-emotive. just information)
2. MODAL VERBS
the use of words that expresses
modality or how likely something
is going to happen helps adjust
the level of certainty of events to
suit arguments.
 2. MODAL VERBS
when carefully chosen , these
words (may, might, will, must, shall, can, could,
would, ought to) help improve the
quality of persuasive writing.
 EXAMPLE
Recently, a typhoon devastated some parts of
the Philippines that caused severe floods,
damage to infrastructures, and deaths. Many
people suffered a lot during and after the
typhoon. Cagayan was tremendously affected
by the typhoon. Communities submerged by
destructive flash floods, and the residents faced
with concerns because of the ongoing COVID-
19 health crisis.
 EXAMPLE
As a concerned citizen, we should do
something. It's never too late for an action. We
must take care of our environment, and be
responsible. We can start by planting trees,
recycling, disposing wastes properly, and
reducing the use of plastics that has a huge
effect in the environment. By these simple
actions, we could save many lives.
3. INVOLVING THE READER
This is done using personal
pronoun like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like together.
 EXAMPLE

“If you don’t use your power

for positive change,
you are indeed part of the problem.”
4. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
Questions that are not supposed
to be answered . Instead, they are
asked for effect to illustrate a point
or let the reader think.
4. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
The use of questions that
sometimes state the obvious can
convince the reader to agree on
the points being presented.
4. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
You are not asking for an answer.
Instead, you are asking because
you have a point.
 EXAMPLES
What time is it now?

Who wouldn’t want to be a millionaire?

 EXAMPLES
Do we really want our planet
to survive?

Wouldn’t you feel happy if

this pandemic ends?
 5. USING EVIDENCE
Involves the use of facts , figures, or
quotes from experts to highlight the
writer’s authority and make the
arguments presented more convincing
 EXAMPLE
The world health organization reported 2,
803, 213 confirmed cases of covid-19 in the
Philippine from January 2020 to November
2021 with 44, 430 deaths. Meanwhile as of
October 27, 2021, a total of 58, 212, 187
vaccine doses have been administered .
6. REPITITION
This technique involves repeating
keywords, phrases, or ideas to
appeal to the readers.
 EXAMPLE
Almost nothing was more annoying than
having our wasted time wasted on
something not worth wasting.
6. ADJECTIVES AND
ADVERBS
Using carefully selected adjectives
and adverbs makes it possible for
the writer to influence how readers
feel.
 EXAMPLE
School uniforms should be mandatory
for all students for a number of reasons.
First, they make everyone equal. In this way,
the ‘rich’ kids are on the same level as the
poor ones. In addition, getting ready for
school can be much faster and easier.
 EXAMPLE
Many kids waste time choosing what to wear to
school and they are often unhappy with their final
choices. Most importantly, some studies show
that school uniforms make student perform
better. Many people might say that uniforms take
away personal freedom , but I believe that the
benefits are stronger than the drawbacks.
 8. ASSOCIATION
This technique tries to link an object or
idea with something already liked or
desired by the target audience such as
wealth, success, pleasure, and security.
 EXAMPLE

VOTE FOR CLEANER AIR.

VOTE FOR JUAN DELA CRUZ AS PRESIDENT!
9. BANDWAGON
Persuasion technique that makes
the audience believe the idea that
“everyone is doing it” or that
everyone likes something.
 EXAMPLE

“Everyone is voting for Juan Dela Cruz,

so definitely he is the best presidential
candidate.”
10. EXPERTS
This means relying on experts’ advice
from trusted people like doctors,
scientists, and other professionals for
things that the audience do not know.
 EXAMPLE
According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), people with allergies to certain
foods, insects, latex, and other common allergens can
safely receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Those with a
history of severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to
injectables or other vaccines should discuss the
vaccination with their doctor , who can evaluate and
assess their risk.
 LANGUAGE FEATURES IN
PERSUASIVE WRITING
1. Emotive Language 6. Repetition
2. Modal Verbs 7. Adjectives and Adverbs
3. Involving the Reader 8. Association
4. Rhetorical Questions 9. Bandwagon
5. Using Evidence 10. Experts