`

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
GUIBEL/CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO,
___________________________________________________________
PANGASINAN

The Effect of Part-Time Employment on Academic Performance

Among Senior High Students: A Case Study of San Jacinto
National High School for Y.S. 2024-2025

A Qualitative Study
Presented to the Faculty
Senior High School

San Jacinto National High School

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Practical Research I
By:

Bulosan, Jonathan D.
Cefre, Gerome A.

Student-Researchers

RICHMUND D. ABALOS
Research Adviser

FLORA E. CONDES
School Principal III

2nd Semester of S.Y. 2023-2024

________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………..................

COPYRIGHT.................................................................................................

DEDICATION……………………………………………………..……………...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………….......

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES……………………………..………………

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. RATIONALE……………………...…………………………………

B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK……………………………………

C. CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM……………………………………….

D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………………

E. OBJECTIVE AND ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY ……………

F. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS……………………………………

G. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY…………………………………

H. DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………………

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
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 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. FOREIGN LITERATURE/ STUDIES………………………………

B. LOCAL LITERATURE/ STUDIES …………………………………

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. RESEARCH DESIGN………………………………….……………

B. LOCALE OF THE STUDY………………………………………….

C. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY…………………….…………

D. LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATION ……………………

E. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION………………………………

F. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE…………………………..….

G. TREATMENT OF DATA………………………………………….

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter consists of the Rationale of the Study, Theoretical

Framework, Conceptual Framework, Statement of the Problem, Objective
and Assumption of the Study along with Scope and Delimitation,
Significance of the Study, and Definition of Terms.

Rationale

Theoretical Framework

The following theory and concept may serve as the backbone of the
study which revolves around The Impact of Part-Time Employment on
Academic Performance Among Senior High Students: A Case Study
of San Jacinto National High School for S.Y. 2024-2025:

Students engaged in part-time and sometimes full-time employment while

studying is becoming a normal phenomenon everywhere. Job employment
will eventually prepare the students for their future profession. While
ordinary experiences will comprise the majority of the data content of this
study, these data will be analyzed and justified using particular theories.
This study makes use of the Moral Responsibility Theory of P.F.
Strawson, Sociobiology Theory of Edward Wilson, and the Existential
Theory by Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche.

The Moral Responsibility Theory of P.F. Strawson published in 1962

presents the consequences of each action in the pros and cons result. It
can be defined in Philosophy as the status of morally worthy praise,
reward, blame, or punishment for an act performed or neglected by one's
moral obligations accompanied by the three essential elements:

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accountability, freedom, and results that can be either praiseworthy or
blameworthy.

This theory shapes the pros and cons of the life experiences of working
students. As indicated by Watts and Pickering (2000), working part-time
and studying full-time has a variety of positive outcomes and respondents
generally viewed part-time employment as a necessity to survive in the
contemporary higher education sphere. However, the student might
experience under pressure due to demands in academics such as
completing the tasks in the given time and instability regarding with
financial. The work plus studies makes these hardworking students sleep
deprived, and sleep deprivation increases the risk factors of insomnia and
damage to brain function. Working students exposed to excessive
workload despite the satisfactory salary will have bad effects on health
and wellbeing in the long run.

Second, this study will also make use of the Sociobiology Theory of
Edward Wilson published in 1975 that talked about the relationship
between social behavior and Charles Darwin’s Evolution Theory. It
focuses on the hypothesis that natural selection partly affects the behavior
of an individual. Natural selection is a process in which different biological
traits become more or less ordinary based on the effect that a specific
attribute has. Furthermore, sociobiology investigates and illustrates that
the concept of one’s behavior may be due to by the genes of their parents.

This theory gives shape to this study in a way that it helps to offer a valid
point over the circumstances that surround the research participants which
have urged the decision to be a working student to afford education. It will
also aid in the comprehension of the behavior of the students as they
adapt to what a certain thing adequately fit in that precise social change
whether their determination is genetically passed or environmentally-
circumstantial. It is through this theory that the experiences and

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characteristics of the participants are given meaning and importance in
their decision-making process.

Lastly, this research will use the Existential Theory which is a branch of
Philosophy that focuses on the meaning of life. Existential Theory (also
referred to as Existentialism, Merriam 1828) can be taken as a
philosophical theory which means that someone's development depends
on their choice and which emphasizes that everyone is free and
responsible. It is the view of humans that define their meaning in life and
try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe.

The Existential Theory is categorized into two perspectives: first, a

religious perspective which states that humans' free will is affected by their
beliefs. Second, a psychological perspective which states that everyone
has their different mind and will, whatever they decide is through their
own. To relate in this study, working students possess legal rights and
own action which corresponds to their will. Existential theory will aid in
further understanding of the instances such as students might even stop
studying to continue working or starting studying to stop working and even
or commonly do both simultaneously. Existentialism has a certain thing to
focus in terms of a human will and supports the factors that affect the
working students' choices and perspective.

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
Conceptual Paradigm

The Conceptual framework discuss the flow of the study to be

taken

INDEENDENT DEPENDENT
Working while studying Academic performance

CONTROL
Working students

Figure 1:
Independent-Dependent Variable
Model

We also use Independent-Dependent variable model in which often

show the measurement of independent variables and interpretation of
dependent variables to show the studies to test cause-and-effect
relationships. The independent variable is the cause. Its value is
independent of other variables in your study, this is represented by
working while studying and the dependent variable is the effect, its value
depends on changes in the independent variable, in which is academic
performance. The control variable is the held constant in a research study
in which working students’ involvement.

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Action plan to
1)What is the profile of 1. Drafting the
the student-respondents questionnaire proposed to
in terms of: enhance the
2. Create an
A. age B. sex interview academic
C. year and strand questionnaire
D. work performance
3. Validated the of the working
2)What are the impacts of
questionnaire
the part time employment students?
on the academic 4. Approval the
performance of the questionnaire
students in terms of:
5. Floating the
A. Study habits questionnaire
B. Academic
performance 6. Data Analysis
C. Time Management
7. Interpretation
3)What are the positive of data/result
and negative effects of
working while studying? 8. Writing
conclusion and
4)What are suggestions recommendation
and recommendations for
students who are working
while studying?
5)How do working
students cope up with the
challenges that they
encounter for having a

Figure 2:
IPO Model

The figure presents the input, process and output it illustrates the
flow of the study. The boxes contain the ideas that will be used

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to investigate the Effects of part-time

employment on the academic performance of senior high school students
at San Jacinto Senior High School for the academic year 2024-2025.

. It sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the profile of the student-respondents in terms of:

a. Age c. Year and Strand

b. Sex d. Work

2. What are the impacts of the part time employment on the academic

performance of the students in terms of:

A) Study habits B) Academic performance

C) Time Management

3. What are the positive and negative effects of working while

studying?

4. What are suggestions and recommendations for students who are

working while studying?

5. How do working students cope up with the challenges that they

encounter for having a job while studying?

________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
Objective and Assumption of the Study

We aim to follow the set of activities to complete our

Research paper by means of:

1. To determine the perception of the students working while

studying.
2. To determine the effects of working while studying in the
academic performance of the students.
3. To determine how working and studying affect the academic
performance of the students.
4. To propose an action plan based on the findings.
5.

Our aim is to prove that the working students are better at managing their
time at their academic performance.

Scope and Delimitations

Our study focused in aims on The Effect of Part-Time Employment

on Academic Performance Among Senior High Students: A Case Study of
San Jacinto National High School for Y.S. 2024-2025. The researcher’s
use is data gathering method along with purposive sampling in gathering
the respondents, wherein the working students are involved and the to
identify the variables needed data that address the research topic from the
respondent’s perspective. Necessary paper such as consent will be
disclosed to the respondents and assurance of anonymity emphasizes.

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
Significance of the Study

The findings of our research will benefit the following

individuals in their own respective fields:

 For Students. The study can encourage students to reflect on their

time management skills and identify areas for improvement.
 For Parents. This study can offer parents insights into the potential
impact of part-time work on their child's academics
 For Teachers. Understanding student challenges this study can help
teachers identify students who might be struggling due to balancing
work and school.
 Future Researchers. This study lays the groundwork for future
researchers interested in exploring the dynamic relationship between
economic factors, such as inflation, and the academic experiences of
students. It serves as a foundation for more in-depth investigations into
related areas.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined operationally to provide

clarity in the research:

Reference:

(add reference from articles & study)

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
I - Salehi, M., & Gholampour, S. (2021). Cheating on exams: Investigating

Reasons, Attitudes, and the Role of Demographic Variables. SAGE

Open, 11(2), 215824402110041.

https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211004156

________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
 CHAPTER II

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains various methodologies used in data gathering

and analysis relevant to research. It presents the research design, locale
of the study, respondents of the study, legal and ethical considerations,
research instruments, and data gathering procedure.

Research Design

The researchers used the qualitative approach to study The Effect of

Part-Time Employment on Academic Performance Among Senior High
Students: A Case Study of San Jacinto National High School for Y.S.
2024-2025. Qualitative research is appropriate for exploring and
understanding complex phenomena, such as the working while studying,
from the perspective of the participants. It allows for in-depth exploration
of individual experiences, perceptions, and behaviors.

Specifically, a phenomenological research design will be employed in this

study. Phenomenology aims to understand the essence and meaning of
lived experiences by examining participants' subjective perspectives. This
design will enable the researcher to gain insights into how Grade 11&12
Senior High Students perceive and experience working while studying and
its impact on their academic performance.

The phenomenological research design will involve conducting in-depth

interviews with Grade 11&12 Senior High Students. These interviews will
provide an opportunity for participants to share their experiences,
challenges, and strategies related to working while studying. Open-ended

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questions will be used to encourage participants to express their thoughts
and feelings freely.

Locale of the Study The study

was conducted during the second semester academic year 2023-2024 in

San Jacinto National High School at Barangay Capaoay, San Jacinto,
Pangasinan.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are purposively selected Grade 11&12

enrolled in the second semester of S.Y. 2023-2024 at San Jacinto
National High School. The researchers will utilize a technique known as
purposive sampling, which is also known as judgmental, selective, or
subjective sampling, is a form of non-probability sampling in which
researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the
population to participate in their surveys.

Legal and Ethical Consideration

The following ethical guidelines were put into place for the research
period:

1. The research data such as the respondents' personal information and

other information like their academic performance remained confidential

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Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
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throughout the study and was used for its intended academic purpose
only.

2. The research aimed to produce benefits for the participants, such as

improved their time management when they are working while studying
and academic performance through the use of suggested strategies.

3. The research is meant for the benefit of society; thus, you should share
your ideas, results, and research methodology for academics that is
related to the part-time employment while studying by the students and be
open to interpretation and views of the readers.

4. The gathered information should be honestly stated, meaning the

information from the participant should be the actual content of the data,
not the researchers' opinion and it should be free from any bias.

5. The respondent has consent in participating in the said research and

fully informed about the research that is being conducted. Participants
need to be made aware of the purpose of the project, who or what group it
is, how the findings will be used, if there are any potential adverse impacts
of their participation and who will have access to this research.

Research Instrumentation

The researchers used interview questionnaires to gather the data on the

time management to their academic performance of the students. A duly-
validated researcher- made written interview guide that was validated by
the research adviser is utilized to help the study reach its goals.

The instrument was composed of two parts. The first part was the
demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, year&strand
and work from their experience. The second part of questionnaires was a
question about the effect of time management to their academic
performance.

________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
Data Gathering Procedures

After the approval of the research topic entitled " The Effect of Part-Time
Employment on Academic Performance Among Senior High Students: A
Case Study of San Jacinto National High School for Y.S. 2024-2025", the
researchers begin by collected related data and information from Internet.
The questionnaire was a researcher-made validated by the research
adviser. Before the distribution of the questionnaire, the researchers
prepared the approval request letter given to the research adviser's
approval of the implementation of the distribution and retrieval of the
questionnaire form the respondents. Coordination will also be done with
the subject instructors to plan the room-to-room survey. At that point, the
researchers started the survey, and to make sure all the respondents were
Grade 11&12. To achieve the goals, the collected data will be organized,
counted, and subjected to measurable examination. The researchers
carefully curated the questions from several surveys and will consult for
validation. Researchers distributed and retrieved the questionnaires
together with the final results over the course of three days. The
questionnaire was examined and confirmed once it was created. Rest
assured that all the data gathered is secure; only appointed personnel
have the authority to look at it.

________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641
________________________________________________________________________
Address: Capaoay, San Jacinto, Pangasinan
Telephone No: (075) 600-3641