Diass Las Quarter 1 Social Science Notes

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Diass LAS Quarter 1 - Social Science Notes
Good Governance and Social Responsibility (Ramon Magsaysay Technological

University)
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11
Disciplines and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences
First Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

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COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2021
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Table of Contents
Learning Competency Page
Clarify the relationships and differences between social sciences 1-13

And applied social sciences. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ia-1)
Identify the goals and scope of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ia-2)
Explain the principles of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ib-5)
Discuss roles and functions of counselors. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-6) 14-28

Identify specific work areas in which counselors work.
(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-7)
Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors. 29-38

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-9
Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors.

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-10
Describe the clientele of counseling. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-11 39-48
Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-14
Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and

communities. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-14
Identify the goals and scope of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ie-16 49-66
Explain the principles and core values of social work.

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ie-18
Explain the roles and functions of social workers.

HUMSS_DIASS 12-If-19
Identify specific work areas in which social workers work.

Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities.

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among

practitioners. HUMSS_DIASS 12-If-23
Describe the clientele of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-24 67-77
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Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and

communities. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-25
Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking

social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-27
Identify the goals and scope of communication. 78-88

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ih-28
Explain the principles of communication. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ih-29
Describe the elements and levels of the communication processes.

Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalist. 89-98

HUMSS_DIASS 12-lj-32
Identify specific work areas in which communicators and journalist work.

Explain the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities.

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners

Describe the clientele and audience of communication. 99

HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-37
Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,

and communities. HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-38
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DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINES OF APPLIED SOCIAL

SCIENCES
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
The goal of the disciplines of social sciences is to explain human behavior in its
many cultural forms including the past and the present, individually or in groups,
national and international geopolitical contexts, and to empower them as democratic
participants in a rapidly changing world.
Social Sciences is made of several disciplines and these include history,

political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, demography,
anthropology, and linguistics. As a body of scientific knowledge, the social sciences
provide diverse set of lenses that help us understand and explain the different facets
of human society. The varieties of lens that social sciences study refer to the different
fields of the social sciences that investigate human society.
Social Science focus on the relationships among individuals in society. It is the

mixture of many subjects like History, Geography, Political Science, Economics,
Sociology, Social Psychology and many more.
The uttermost goal of social science is to answer different questions and

problems about the society and human condition on how to improve it. It provides vital
information for governments and policy makers, local authorities, non-governmental
organizations, and others.
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Applied Social Sciences is a branch of study that applies the different

concepts, theoretical models, and theories of the social science disciplines to help
understand society and the different problems and issues. The applied social sciences
utilized the provision of alternative solutions to the diverse problem of the society.
Applied Social Sciences is also an integrated science cutting across and transcending
various social science disciplines in addressing a wide range of issues in a
contemporary, innovative, and dynamic way.
Applied social sciences are facilitating much of people's struggle to live with
these changes. Social work, counseling, and communication are making common
issues more of a public discourse leading to greater acceptance and better
understanding and coping on the individual, group, and community levels.
Basically, social science is about people on how they interact with others in
their society and how societies interact with each other. Applied social science is
about putting theories in to practice like technology or inventions.
Social science is an umbrella name for all disciplines that deal with human
produced phenomena as opposed to natural sciences. Applied science is said to be
the scientific endeavors that are aimed at practical uses as opposed to
pure science which is usually thought of as detached from an immediate practical use.
Counseling is one of the fields of applied social sciences as an application of

the social sciences, counseling provides guidance, help, and support to individuals
who are distraught by a diverse set of problems in their lives.
Counseling can be done by the following:
1. Guidance counselor and life coaching are applications of the social

sciences and these professions, expert help are given to individuals who
needed guidance or advice pertaining to their business successes, general
conditions and personal life transitions, relationships and career.
2. Life coach analyzes the present condition of the client, discovers different
obstacles or challenges that a client faces, and provides a certain course of
action to make the client9s life better.
3. Career counseling is needed by people who are in the process of entering
the job market, searching for possible career change, or those wanting
career advancements.
4. Personal growth counseling concentrates on the evaluation of different
aspects of a client9s life.
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5. Social work practitioners help individuals, families, and groups,

communities to improve their individual and collective well-being.
6. Communication Studies- Applied social science provide adequate
training for careers in the field of journalism and mass communication
because of multidisciplinary knowledge and skills that graduates learn from
social sciences.
GOALS OF COUNSELLING
1. ENHANCING COPING SKILLS
We will inevitably run into difficulties in the process of growing up. Most
of us do not completely achieve all our developmental tasks within a lifetime.
All the unique expectations and requirements imposed on us by others will
eventually lead to problems. Any inconsistencies in development can result in
children learning behavior patterns that are both inefficient and ineffective.
Learned coping patterns, however, may not always work. New interpersonal or
occupational role demands may create an overload and produce excessive
anxiety and difficulty for the individual.
2. IMPROVING RELATIONSHIPS
Many clients tend to have major problems relating to others due to poor
self-image. Likewise, inadequate social skills cause individuals to act
defensively in relationships. Typical social difficulties can be observed in family,
marital and peer group interaction (e.g., the troubled elementary school child).
The counselor would then strive to help the client improve the quality of their
lives by developing more effective interpersonal relationships.
3. FACILITATING CLIENT POTENTIAL
Counseling seeks to maximize an individual9s freedom by giving him or

her control over their environment while analyzing responsiveness and reaction
to the environment. Counselors will work to help people learn how to overcome,
for example, excessive substance use and to better take care of their bodies.
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4. FACILITATING BEHAVIOR CHANGE
Most theorists indicate that the goal of counseling is to bring about

change in behavior that will enable the client to be more productive as they
define their life within society9s limitations. According to Rodgers (1961),
behavior change is a necessary result of the counseling process, although
specific behaviors receive little or no emphasis during the process.
5. PROMOTING DECISION-MAKING
The goal of counseling is to enable the individual to make critical

decisions regarding alternative courses of action without outside influence.
Counseling will help individuals obtain information, and to clarify emotional
concerns that may interfere with or be related to the decisions involved. These
individuals will acquire an understanding of their abilities and interests. They
will also come to identify emotions and attitudes that could influence their
choices and decisions.
SCOPE OF COUNSELLING
• INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING
1. Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer relationships

2. Anxiety
3. Anger management
4. Children9s concerns within the family unit, sibling relationships, school
experiences, peer relationships
5. Depression
6. Family of origin dynamics and issues
7. Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality
8. Grief and bereavement
9. Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamics
10. Sexual abuse recovery
11. Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions
12. Singles: single, newly single, single through divorce or being widowed
13. Spirituality
14. Stress management
15. Workplace stress and relationships
16. Young adult: identity, relationships, vocation
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• MARITAL AND PRE-MARITAL COUNSELLING

1. Marital and relational dynamics
2. Extended family relationships
3. Fertility issues
• FAMILY COUNSELLING
1. Adolescent and child behaviors within family dynamics

2. Adult children
3. Divorce and separation issues and adjustment
4. Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict, communication
5. Family of origin / extended family issues
6. Life stages and transitions
7. Parenting patterns: blended, single, co-parenting families
Principles of Counselling
Counselling is a process, as well as a relationship, between persons. Contrary

to what some people believe, counselling is not concentrated on advice-giving. The aim
of the counsellor is usually to assist the person or persons (client or clients) in realizing
a change in behavior or attitude, or to seek achievement of goals. Often there are
varieties of problems for which the counselee may seek to find help. Some forms of
counselling include the teaching of social skills, effective communication, spiritual
guidance, decision-making, and career choices. Counselling may sometimes be
needed to aid one in coping with a crisis. Other types of counselling include premarital
and marital counselling; grief and loss (divorce, death or amputation); domestic violence
and other types of abuse; special counselling situations like terminal illness (death and
dying); as well as counselling of emotionally and mentally disturbed individuals.
Counselling could be short-term (brief counselling) or long-term.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners will be able to:
1. Clarify the relationships and differences between social sciences and

applied social sciences. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ia-1)
2. Identify the goals and scope of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ia-2)
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3. Explain the principles of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ib-5)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. True or False?

Place a check mark (/) on the second column if the statement is true
and cross (X) if the statement is false.
Statements Answer
Social science is the study of society and the manner in which people behave and
affect the world.
Social sciences are only applicable in the academe and not in the workplace.
Applied social scientist use and borrow different concepts, theoretical models, and
theories from social science and disciplines.
Guidance counselling is a profession that helps address a person9s specific
projects, business successes, general conditions and transitions in life,
relationships, or profession
Applied social sciences provide good theoretical and conceptual foundations for
social work practice.
Psychology studies how human mind work in consonance with the body to produce
thoughts that lead to individual actions
Counseling as an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It acclaims a
flexible and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet
the developing needs of clients.
Remedial goals refer to assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable
development.
Counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks and permits another
person to enter into a particular kind of connection with him or her.
A licensed professional scholar may render to individuals, groups, organizations, or
the general public counseling services involving the application of clinical
counseling principles, methods, or procedures to assist individuals in achieving
more effective personal, social, educational, or career development and
adjustment.
The way we perceive or view things, people, events and our environment, is
influenced by our values.
Counselors treat with confidence personal information about clients, whether
obtained directly or indirectly by inference.
In view of the theory of utilitarianism in relation to beneficence, the application of
utilitarianism would be to apply an ethical decision in the light of costs and benefits
for each participant.
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Marriage and family counseling refers to the efforts to establish an encouraging

relationship with a couple or family and appreciate the complications in the family
system.
A counselor9s primary responsibility is to respect the dignity and to promote the
welfare of clients.
Counselors accept employment only for positions which they are qualified by
education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional
credentials, and appropriate professional experience.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Data Retrieval Chart Completion

Classify the following disciplines and categorize them if they belong to
the Pure Social Sciences or to the Applied Social Sciences.
Compare and Contrast with Bubble Map
Disciplines to be categorized:
Economics Political science

Counselling History
Geography Social Work
Psychology Demography
Communication Anthropology
Sociology
Pure Social Sciences Applied Social Sciences
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3. Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer

Discuss the similarities and distinctions between social science and
applied social science. Use the graphic organizer below. Answer the
guide questions thereafter.
Social Science Applied Social

Science
How are they alike?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
How are they different?
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
Guide Questions:
1. What is the connection between social sciences and the applied social sciences?
2. How do they differ from one another?
3. What is the difference between counseling and social work?
4. Why do we consider journalism and communication studies as fields of the applied
social sciences?
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4. INFOmercial

Produce a group (3 members preferably neighbors) infomercial that will
promote awareness about the goals, scope and principles of counseling.
Relate it with the important work and functions of a social scientist and
an applied social science practitioner. The infomercial must also explain
the main differences of social scientist and an applied social science
practitioner.
Note:
An infomercial is a communication strategy that aims to inform the public about

an issue / topic. It serves as an information strategy and a promotional commercial. It
is often referred to as paid programming and are usually shown on televisions and the
Internet.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the main difference between social scientist and applied social
science practitioner?
2. How would you promote awareness about the goals, scope and principles of
counseling?
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Criteria Excellent (41-50) Very Good Good

Poor
(26-40) (16-25)
(1-15)
Content Infomercial Infomercial Infomercial
Infomercial did
demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
not
exceptional excellent some knowledge
demonstrated
knowledge of the knowledge of the of the important of
knowledge of
important of work important of work work and
the important of
and functions of a and functions of a functions of a
work and
social scientist and social scientist and social scientist
functions of a
an applied social an applied social and an applied
social scientist
science science social science
and an applied
practitioner. practitioner. practitioner.
social science
practitioner.
Supporting Multimedia or Multimedia or Multimedia or Multimedia or
Presentation poster greatly poster somewhat poster enhanced poster does not
enhanced understanding of
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understanding of enhanced important work enhance

important work and understanding of and functions of a presentation.
functions of a important work and social scientist
social scientist and functions of a social and an applied
an applied social scientist and an social science
science applied social practitioner
practitioner. science
practitioner.
Reasoning Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation did
explained clearly provided few provided one not provide any
the important work explanations on the explanation about information. No
and functions of a important work and the important inferences were
social scientist and functions of a social work and made.
an applied social scientist and an functions of a
science applied social social scientist
practitioner. science and an applied
Numerous practitioner. A few social science
inferences were inferences were practitioner.
made. made. Inaccurate
inferences were
given.
Organization Entire presentation Most of the Some of the Presentation did
was well presentation was presentation was not flow and
organized. well organized and well organized or information was
Information flowed flowed in logical information was presented in an
in a logical manner. manner. presented in an illogical manner.
illogical manner.
Presentation Student presenting Student presenting Student Student
the infomercial the infomercial presenting the presenting the
could be easily could be easily infomercial did not infomercial
understood understood speak clearly could not be
throughout entire throughout most of throughout the understood.
presentation. the presentation. presentation. Student
Excellent posture Good posture and Student displayed displayed poor
and eye contact. eye contact. poor posture and posture and eye
eye contact was contact was not
not established. established.
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Reflection
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• I want to learn more _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
BOOKS: (APA STYLE)

REFERENCES:
Books
Gibson, Robert L. and Mitchell, Marriane H. Introduction to Counseling and

guidance. (Sixth edition). NJ: Merill Prentice Hall, 2003.
Websites:
https://www.academia.edu/37131995/DISCIPLINES_AND_IDEAS_IN_THE_APPLIED_S
OCIAL_SCIENCES/07-29-2020
https://www.slideshare.net/jesssalvilla/lesson-1-in-discipine-and-ideas-in-applied-
social-scienceslessons-and-activities/07-29-2020
file:///C:/Users/DEPED/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/IE/EDCMLBZU/go
alsandscopeofcounselling-181202091755.pdf/07-29-2020
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https://brainly.ph/question/2833372/02-20-2021
Answer key:
Activity 1.
Statements Answer
Social science is the study of society and the manner in which people behave and affect the world. /
Social sciences are only applicable in the academe and not in the workplace. x
Applied social scientist use and borrow different concepts, theoretical models, and theories from social science and /
disciplines.
Guidance counselling is a profession that helps address a person9s specific projects, business successes , general /
conditions and transitions in life , relationships , or profession
Applied social sciences provide good theoretical and conceptual foundations for social work practice. /
Psychology studies how human mind work in consonance with the body to produce thoughts that lead to individual /
actions
Counseling as an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It acclaims a flexible and creative process whereby /
the counselor modifies the approach to meet the developing needs of clients.
Remedial goals refer to assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development. /
Counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks and permits another person to enter into a particular /
kind of connection with him or her.
A licensed professional scholar may render to individuals , groups, organizations , or the general public counseling /
services involving the application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures to assist individuals in
achieving more effective personal, social, educational, or career development and adjustment.
The way we perceive or view things, people, events and our environment, is influenced by our values. /
Counselors treat with confidence personal information about clients, whether obtained directly or indirectly by /
inference.
In view of the theory of utilitarianism in relation to beneficence, the application of utilitarianism would be to apply an /
ethical decision in the light of costs and benefits for each participant.
Marriage and family counseling refers to the efforts to establish an encouraging relationship with a couple or family /
and appreciate the complications in the family system.
A counselor9s primary responsibility is to respect the dignity and to promote the welfare of clients. /
Counselors accept employment only for positions which they are qualified by education, training, supervised x
experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience.
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Activity 2
Pure Social Sciences Applied Social Science
Economics Counseling
Geography Communication
Psychology Social Work
Sociology
Political Science
History
Demography
Anthropology
Activity 3 3 Answers may vary

Activity 4 3 Outputs may vary
Prepared by:
FERDINAND D. MASIDDO
Teacher/Writer
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Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN COUNSELING
Given that the youth are the future of every nation, the role of providing guidance
to them at critical moments of their growth is a serious nation-building undertaking.
Counseling is the process and a relationship between the client(s) and counselor.
Counselor, also known as counselling psychologist; has initial training in

psychology, and whose work is speciﬁcally informed by psychological methods and
models. However, the person in the role of counselor does not necessarily possess
special training or knowledge of psychological theories.
Counselling is grounded in ordinary human qualities such as a capacity to

listen, sensitivity to the experience of others, personal integrity and resourcefulness in
solving the difﬁculties that arise in everyday life (McLeod, 2013 p.8)
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Roles of Guidance Counselors
The roles of the counselor may include:

• Helping their client(s) not only mental wellness but also physical fitness and
health habits.
• Assisting them to seek achievement of goals
• Assisting them to find help
• Assisting them in coping with a crisis. They should serve as <band-aids= or
temporary relief to their clients.
• Teaching of social and communication skills, spiritual guidance, decision
making, and career choices
Functions of Guidance Counselors
The Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (Sec. 2-3) defines a guidance counselor as
a natural person who has been professionally registered and licensed by a legitimate
state entity and by virtue or specialized training to perform the functions of guidance
and counseling. The guidance counselor9s functions include the use of an integrated
approach to develop a well-functioning individual primarily through:
• Helping the client develop potentials to the fullest
• Helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest
• Helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or her abilities,
interests, and needs
• Sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as counseling
theories, tools, and techniques
• Administering a wide range of human development services
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Competencies of Counselors
The counselor9s effectiveness in their practice is usually associated with these

competencies.
1. Interpersonal Skills
Counselors who are competent display ability to listen, communicate,
empathize, be present, aware of nonverbal communication, sensitive to voice
quality, responsive to expressions of emotion, structure of time and use of
language.
2. Personal Beliefs and Attitudes

Counselors have the capacity to accept others belief in potential for change,
awareness of ethical and moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and
self.
3. Conceptual Ability
Counselors can understand and assess the client9s problem, to anticipate future
problems, to make sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual
scheme, to remember information about the client.
4. Personal Soundness
Counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are destructive to counseling
relationships, self-confidence, capacity to tolerate strong or uncomfortable feelings
in relation to clients, secure personal boundaries, and ability to be a client; must
carry no social prejudice, ethnocentrism, and authoritarianism.
5. Mastery of Techniques
Counselors must have a knowledge of when and how to carry out specific
interventions, they must have the ability to assess effectiveness of interventions,
understanding of rationale behind techniques, possession of sufficiently wide
range of interventions.
6. Ability to understand and work within social system

This would comprise of awareness of family and work relationships of the client,
the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use support networks and
supervision sensitivity to client from a different gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation,
or age group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry

Counselors must have the capacity to be curious about client9s backgrounds
and problems and being open to new knowledge.
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8. Exhibiting Professional and Ethical Attitudes and Practices

Counselors should be aware of their professional responsibility to the client.
They should also know about the institution9s mission, the legal requirements, and
the standards of the profession.
Areas of Specialization where Counselors Work
Counselors are practically found in all spheres of human development, transition,

and caregiving. Peterson and Nesenholz (1987) identified 11 major areas:
1. Child development and counseling

Child development and counseling as area of specialization includes parent
education, preschool counseling, early childhood education, elementary school
counseling, child counseling in mental health agencies, counseling with
battered and abused children and their families.
2. Adolescent development and counseling

Adolescent development and counseling as area of specialization covers
middle and high school counseling, psychological education, career
development specialist, adolescent counseling in mental health agencies,
youth work in a residential facility and youth probation officer.
3. Gerontology (the aged)

Gerontological counseling (the aged) as area of specialization is considered the
fastest growing field as essentially involves counseling of older citizens. It
includes preretirement counseling, community centers, counseling, nursing
home counseling hospice work.
4. Marital relationship counseling

Marital or health relationship counseling includes premarital counseling,
marriage counseling, family counseling, sex education, sexual dysfunction
counseling, nursing home counseling.
5. Health
Health as an area of specialization offers possibility for nutrition counseling,
exercise and health education, nurse 3 counselor, rehabilitation counseling,
and stress management counseling.
6. Career/ Lifestyle
As an area of specialization, career and lifestyle counseling includes guidance
on choices and decision-making pertaining to career or lifestyle, guidance on
career development, provision of educational and occupational information to
clients, conducting education on career and lifestyle trends, provision of various
forms of vocational assessment appropriate to a setting, addressing the career
and life development needs of special populations and appropriate career
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services in given settings, and may also include provision of needed skills in
managing or going through job interviews.
7. College and university

College and university as an area of specialization offer the following
opportunities like college student counseling, student activities, student
personnel work.
8. Drugs
Drugs as area of specialization has several options such as substance abuse
counseling, alcohol counseling, drug counseling, stop smoking program
manager and crisis intervention counseling.
9. Consultation
Consultation as an area of specialization covers agency and corporate
consulting, organizational development director, and industrial psychology
specialist.
10. Business and industry

Business and industry areas of specialization include training and development
personnel, quality and work-life, employee career development officer, and
equal opportunity specialist.
11. Other specialties

Other specialties may include phobia counseling, agoraphobia, self-
management, intrapersonal management, interpersonal relationship
management, and grief counseling.
In all specialties, the counselor could be self-employed as a private practitioner

or maybe employed by the agency, which maybe a government or non-government
organization (NGO). In any specialty area, additional education and trainings beyond
graduate and post-graduate education are required.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Discuss roles and functions of counselors. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-6)

2. Identify specific work areas in which counselors work. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-
7) (Quarter 1, Week 2, LC 4-5)
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – WHERE’S THE WAY?

Read the following statement and identify what area of specialization
where counselors work does the situation applied to.
_______________1. Ella feels sad because she was having a problem with his
spouse these past few months, so she decided to find a help to this counselor.
_______________2. Gina is a Grade 12 student who is having a hard time deciding

on what course or career she will pursue. She talked to their school counselor to find
aid.
_______________3. The father of Aya has been drinking alcohol day and night every
day and she thinks that this habit is the reason why he9s very ill. Where can Aya ask
for help?
_______________4. Josefina’s mother is about to retire from being a teacher, that9s

why she chose to bring her mother to a counselor who can assist her on the activities
of the aged after retirement.
_______________5. The pandemic brought by the coronavirus made Dora to be

unemployed, but she will not give up and decided to build her own business. Whose
counselor can she run to for help?
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – THE WHO?

Fill-in the graphic organizer on the roles and functions of counselor based
on your understanding.
COUNSELOR
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RUBRIC FOR SCORING
VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
5 3
4 2-1
Student spent a Student gave Student put for Student9s work

lot of time effort to the minimal effort. shows little
working to project. Met Has a few preparation,
make sure the all the errors and creativity or effort.
Effort presentation expectations. could have Lots of errors and
was well done. Didn9t go added more to sloppy handwriting.
Got help and above and the
asked for beyond. presentation.
feedback.
Student Student Understood a Didn9t incorporate

understood the understood few of the concepts into
concepts and concepts and concepts, but project.
Understanding
did more than completed all still left out Misunderstood the
of concepts
what was the tasks in pieces and ideas and
expected of the parts of the principles.
him/her. assignment. assignment.
Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation was

was creative, was correct was short and rushed, sloppy, and
Presentation
excellently length. lacking too short.
done creativity.
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – MY THOUGHTS!

m Answer the questions based on your reading.
1. How do you see the importance of the roles and functions of counselor? Do
you think that counselors have unique roles and functions than other
professionals? Why do you say so?
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
5 3
4 2-1
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well-

clear and mostly beginning to defined and/or
focused. It focused and define the there are too many
holds the has some topic, even topics.
reader's good details though
Ideas attention. and quotes. development is
Relevant still basic or
details and general.
quotes enrich
the central
theme.
The Paper (and The Sentences within

organization paragraphs) organizational paragraphs make
enhances and are mostly structure is sense, but the
showcases the organized, in strong enough order of paragraphs
Organization central idea or order, and to move the does not.
theme. The makes sense reader through
order, structure to the reader. the text without
of information is too much
compelling and confusion.
moves the
22

lOMoARcPSD|16981833
reader through
the text.
The writing has The writing The text hums The text seems
an easy flow, mostly flows, along with a choppy and is not
rhythm, and and usually steady beat, easy to read orally.
cadence. invites oral but tends to be
Sentences are reading. more
Sentence
well built, with businesslike
Fluency
strong and than musical,
varied structure more
that invites mechanical
expressive oral than fluid.
reading.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – I ASSESS!

Read the conversation and identify at least three competencies of a
counselor. Give a brief explanation of your answer.
Client: I feel so inadequate and lacking in self-confidence.
Counselor: So, part of you feels inadequate and lacking in self-confidence. I wonder if
there is another part of you, a knowing part, even a small part, that feels adequate and
confident about something.
Client: Yes, there is. I won as the best singer in our barangay. And I made an original
song. (client smiles)
Counselor: You are very resourceful, creative, and talented. You can strengthen the
positive, capable part of yourself just by talking more about it. Tell me more.
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Competencies Brief explanation
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
5 3
4 2-1

focused. It focused, and define the there are too many
Ideas attention. and quotes. development is
quotes enrich
the central
theme.
24

lOMoARcPSD|16981833

central idea or order, and to move the does not.
Organization
moves the
reader through
the text.
Sentence
Fluency
reading.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5 – MY DISCOVERY!

Answer the question based on your understanding.
How do you find the work of counselors under different areas of specializations?
Which among the work areas of counselors do you think is important to help you
discover more about yourself?
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RUBRIC FOR SCORING
VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
5 3
4 2-1
Student spent a Student gave Student put for Student9s work

lot of time effort to the minimal effort. shows little
working to project. Met Has a few preparation,
make sure the all the errors and creativity or effort.
Effort presentation expectations. could have Lots of errors and
was well done. Didn9t go added more to sloppy handwriting.
Got help and above and the
asked for beyond. presentation.
feedback.
Student Student Understood a Didn9t incorporate

understood the understood few of the concepts into
concepts and concepts and concepts, but project.
Understanding
did more than completed all still left out Misunderstood the
of concepts
what was the tasks in pieces and ideas and
expected of the parts of the principles.
him/her. assignment. assignment.
Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation was

was creative, was correct was short and rushed, sloppy, and
Presentation
excellently length. lacking too short.
done creativity.
Reflection
• I learned that
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
26

lOMoARcPSD|16981833
• I enjoyed most on
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
• I want to learn more

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
Arcinas, Myla M, PhD, Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences, p.42-43,
2016
WEBSITES:
Retrieved from the URL:

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=roles+and+functions+of+counselor&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNuMiPqPbTAhXEyrwKHZI4AikQ_AUIBigB&biw
=1366&bih=651#spf=1495003035079
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1:
1. Marital relationship counseling

2. Adolescent development and counseling
3. Drugs
4. Gerontology
27

lOMoARcPSD|16981833
5. Business and industry

Activity 2-5: answers may vary.
Prepared by:
MARIA JAMILLA R. PUA

Teacher/Writer
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lOMoARcPSD|16981833

Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND ACCOUNTABILITIES OF COUNSELORS
Counselors play an indispensable role in the development of individuals and in

shaping communities. In their role, they are often responsible for cultivating and
maintaining relationships, monitoring client9s well-being, and working with different
cultural values and confidential information.
As registered and licensed professionals, counselors are protected. They are

governed by scientific theories, practices, and processes as well as professional
standards and ethics. They are responsible for the practice of their profession in
accordance with their mandates and professional guidelines and ethics. They are
accountable to their clients, the professional body, and the government.
Code of ethics help counselors to remind them of their rights, responsibilities,

and accountabilities in the counseling profession. The rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities of the counselors are based on the counselor9s associations of Code of
Conduct. The code of ethics of the counselors is divided into seven sections, namely;
1) counseling relationship 2) confidentiality 3) professional responsibility 4) relationships
with other professional 5) evaluation, assessment, and interpretation 6) teaching,
training and supervision 7) research and publication. (Gladding, 2000).
However, three (3) of the seven areas will be presented namely:

counseling relationships, confidentiality, and professional responsibility. The following
descriptions provide a sample code of ethics of the American Counseling Association.
The Counseling Relationships. Counselors always seek the clients9 rights and
welfare, respect their diversity, and must be aware of their values, attitudes and needs.
Also, counselors do not accept as superiors or subordinates9 clients.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

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Counselors should not have any type of sexual intimacies with clients and not to
counsel persons with whom they have a sexual relationship. They should not engage
with sexual intimacies with their former clients within a minimum of two years.
They can also work with multiple clients or do group counselling but must take
precautions to protect clients. Prior to entering the counselling relationship, the
counselors should clearly explain to the clients all the financial arrangements related to
professional fees.
Confidentiality. Counselors respect the client9s rights to privacy and avoid illegal
and unwarranted disclosures of unwarranted information. The right to privacy may be
waived by the client or their legally recognized representative. The general requirement
that the counselors keep the information confidential does not apply when disclosure is
required to prevent clear and imminent danger to the client or others or when legal
requirements demand their confidential information be revealed.
In group work, counselors clearly define confidentiality and parameters, explain
its importance and discuss difficulties related to confidentiality. Moreover, when clients
are minor or individuals who are unable to give voluntary informed consent, parents or
guardians may be included in the counselling process as appropriate. Counselors are
also responsible for securing safety and confidentiality of any counselling record.
Professional Responsibility. Counselors have a responsibility to read,

understand and follow the Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice. They practice only
within the boundaries of their competence.
FOUR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Principle 1. Respect for the rights and dignity of the client
Guidance counselors honor and promote the fundamental rights, moral and
cultural values, dignity, and worth of clients. They respect clients9 rights to privacy,
confidentiality, self-determination and autonomy, consistent with the law. As far as
possible, they ensure that the client understands and consents to whatever professional
action they propose.
Principle 2: Competence
Guidance counselors maintain and update their professional skills. They

recognize the limits of their expertise, engage in self-care, and seek support and
supervision to maintain the standard of their work. They offer only those services for
which they are qualified by education, training, and experience.

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Principle 3: Responsibility
Guidance counselors are aware of their professional responsibility to act in a

trustworthy, reputable, and accountable manner toward clients, colleagues, and the
community in which they work and live. They avoid doing harm, take responsibility for
their professional actions, and adopt a systematic approach to resolving ethical
dilemmas.
Principle 4: Integrity
Guidance counselors seek to promote integrity in their practice. They represent

themselves accurately and treat others with honesty, straightforwardness, and fairness.
They deal actively with conflicts of interest, avoid exploiting others, and are alert to
inappropriate behavior on the part of colleagues.
Many other similar codes exist with the same expectations for ethical conduct.
The fundamental principles include the following:
• Respecting human rights and dignity

• Respect for the client9s right to be self-governing
• A commitment to promoting the client9s well-being
• Fostering responsible caring
• Fair treatment of all clients and the provision of adequate services
• Equal opportunity to clients availing counseling services
• Ensuring the integrity of a practitioner-client relationship
• Fostering the practitioner9s self-knowledge and care for self
• Enhancing the quality of professional knowledge and its application
• Responsibility to the society
The Code of Ethics serves as a guideline for professional counselors, as well as

basis on which to process complaints and ethical concerns against counselors. Ethics
are important in counselling, as they are a means to protect the welfare of the client and
counselors by clearly outlining what is appropriate.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors.

HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-9
2. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-10
(1st Quarter, Week 3)

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 5-3-1 CHART
Complete the chart below by listing down five (5) rights, three (3)
responsibilities, and one (1) accountability of a counselor. Then answer
the question that follows.
1.1
Rights Responsibilities Accountability
1. 1.
2.
3. 2.
4.
5. 3.
1.2 What is the significance of Code of Ethics in the counseling profession?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: Count Me In, Count Me Out: Will I Give up My

Job or Not?
Using the given situations below, complete the chart by CHOOSING

whether to Quit the Job, or Stay on the Job. Explain the reason/s why
you chose to quit or stay on the job. Which is more ETHICAL? Why is it
more ETHICAL?
In the area of counseling relationships of Code of Ethics, it states that,

<Counselors should not have any serious relationship with clients and do not counsel
person with whom they have intimate relationship. Counselor should not also engage
in any form of intimacies with former client within a minimum of two years.=
SITUATION: What if you are a counselor and you have fallen in love with your
client and your client also fallen in love with you. Since, it is unethical to pursue on the
relationship; you have to quit your job. Your job is also important to you. Now, what will
be your decision?
Quit the Job Stay on the Job

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 Will I Report My Client or Not?
In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a

portion on client9s right to privacy. What if the counselor, in his/her conversation
with the client, found out that the client accidentally killed a person, will you report
the client to police or not? Explain your answer. Use the space provided below
for your answer.
Report Or Not
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 If I’m A Counselor
Answer the question below. Use the space provided for your answer.
If given a chance to work as a counselor, do you think it will be easy for

you to follow and distinguish between the ethical and unethical behaviours
of a counselor?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________.

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RUBRIC FOR SCORING
FOCUS CONTENT ORGANIZATION STYLE CONVENTIONS
This single controlling The presence of ideas The order developed The choice use and Grammar,
point made with an developed through facts, and satisfied within arrangement of words mechanics,
awareness of task about examples, anecdotes, and across and sentence spelling, usage
a specific topic. details, opinions, paragraphs using structures that create and sentence
statistics, reasons, and/or transitional devices tone and voice. formation.
explanations. and including
introduction and
conclusion.
4 Sharp, distinct Substantial, specific, Sophisticated Precise, illustrative Evident control

controlling point made and/or illustrative arrangement of use of variety of words of grammar,
about a single topic with content demonstrating content with evident and sentence mechanics,
evident awareness of strong development and/or subtle structures to create spelling, usage
task. and sophisticated transitions. consistent writer9s and sentence
ideas. voice and tone formation.
appropriate to
audience.
3 Apparent point made Sufficiently developed Functional Generic use of a Sufficient control
about a single topic with content with adequate arrangement of variety of words and of grammar,
sufficient awareness of elaboration or content that sustains sentence structures mechanics,
task. explanation. a logical order with that may or may not spelling, usage
some evidence of create writer9s voice and sentence
transitions. and tone appropriate formation.
to audience.
2 No apparent but Limited content with Confused or Limited word choice Limited control
evidence of a specific inadequate elaboration inconsistent and control or of grammar,
topic or explanation. arrangement of sentence structures mechanics,
content with or that inhibit voice and spelling, usage
without attempts at tone. and sentence
transition. formation.
1 Minimal evidence of a Superficial and/or Minimal control of Minimal variety in Minimal control
topic. minimal content. content word choice and of grammar,
arrangement. minimal control of mechanics,
sentence structures. spelling, usage
and sentence
formation.

36

lOMoARcPSD|16981833
REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Books:
Dela Cruz et. al. (2016). Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Websites
https://www.oerafrica.org/FTPFolder/Website%20Materials/Health/KCN-Health-
OER/Unit3/001.html. Retrieved on July 5, 2020.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fdeep
thisuvarna%2Fonlinecounselingppt&psig=AOvVaw2No_AI0M5AEAoHlIxTT1c
D&ust=1596186431355000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTC
ODRx4PQ9OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAP. Retrieved on July 11, 2020
https://cms.crandall-
isd.net/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=317600&type=d&pREC_ID=765237
Retrieved on July 5, 2020
https://www.academia.edu/37131995/DISCIPLINES_AND_IDEAS_IN_THE_APPLIED
_SOCIAL_SCIENCES. Retrieved on July 10, 2020
https://counseling.northwestern.edu/blog/ACA-Code-of-
Ethics/#:~:text=Ethics%20codes%20provide%20professional%20standards,a
nd%20well%2Dbeing%20of%20clients. Retrieved on July 11, 2020
https://careertrend.com/apa-ethical-code-of-conduct-13637127.html. Retrieved on July

6, 2020

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lOMoARcPSD|16981833
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubricsko-131215081453-phpapp01/95/rubrics-in-
essay-1-638.jpg?cb=1436976225. Retrieved on July 10, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0J38ei59H50. Retrieved on February 17, 2021
https://www.elcomblus.com/rights-responsibilities-and-accountabilities-of-
counselors/#:~:text=Guidance%20counselors%20honor%20and%20promote,
autonomy%2C%20consistent%20with%20the%20law. Retrieved on February
23, 2021
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 answer may vary
Prepared by:
ANNALIZA R. HERNANDO
Writer

38

lOMoARcPSD|16981833

Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
SETTING, PROCESSES, METHODS AND TOOLS IN COUNSELLING
Counseling professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological

methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the
personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes. https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/counseling
Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and experience

growth during challenging times in life. Individual counseling can help one deal with
many personal topics in life such as anger, depression, anxiety, substance abuse,
marriage and relationship challenges, parenting problems, school difficulties, career
changes, etc. https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-counseling.htm
Group counseling is a form of therapy, which posits that people benefit from
shared experiences. Usually, it's focused on a particular issue, like obsessive-
compulsive disorder or anger management. While a therapist usually manages the
group, contributions from other members are considered valuable since all in the group
share similar issues. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-group-counseling.htm
Community counseling is a generic term for any of professional counseling that

treats dysfunction occurring within a group of related people. This term describes a
preventive system of counseling that works to combat psychological impairment through
the improvement and development of community support. A community is defined as a
group of interacting individuals who share a commonality. This commonality can be
anything from location of residence to career interest, but a community counselor will
use this common characteristic to council groups of people.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_counseling
1. THE SETTING, PROCESSES, METHODS, AND TOOLS IN COUNSELING

JAH-NISSI S. GALAROSA Teacher The Lewis College of Sorsogon City.
39

lOMoARcPSD|16981833
2. Do this: You have two minutes to reflect on any life- changing event/experience
that you have personally gone through. Think of how you coped with it, did you
effectively move on from it?
3. GOVERNMENT SETTING Counseling settings vary widely but the processes,
methods, and tools used by counselors are very similar. Counseling
professionals in government setting work with various government agencies that
have counseling services such as: • Social welfare • Correctional department •
The court system • Child and women affairs services • Schools • Military • Police
• Mental and foster homes and, • Rehabilitation centers.
4. PRIVATE SECTORS SETTING In the private sector, counselors range from
independent providers of services or work for NGOs or specialized for profit
centers and organization that render a variety of counselling services.
5. CIVIL SOCIETY SETTING The context of civil society is generally charities or
non-profit and issue-based centers or organizations such as: • For abused
women • Abandoned children and elderly • Veterans • Teachers • Professionals
or, • Religious groups.
6. SCHOOL SETTING In the school setting, the role of the school counsellor is
more complex since the needs of students can vary widely. This gives rise to the
more dynamic and complex role of school counsellor; it depended on a school9s
local circumstances as well as the dynamism within the profession itself.
7. SCHOOL SETTING As such, school counselors assume many different
responsibilities and task based on the needs9 students in the school context.
<Guidance process occurs in an individual in a developmental sequence to the
age of maturity.= (Coy 1999)
8. GUIDANCE TENDS TO BE MORE CENTERED ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL
NEEDS OF THE INDIVIDUALS.
9. Changes in School Counselor Training School counselors are now educated and
experienced in knowledge and skill-based programs that stress counselling,
guidance, consultation, coordination and referrals. (Coy 1999)
10. Concerns That Interfere with Learning School counselors are now educated and
experienced in knowledge and skill-based programs that stress counselling,
guidance, consultation, coordination, and referrals. (Coy 1999)
11. It is very important that school counselors <define their role better by recognizing
that they cannot do their work alone and they need to collaborate with other
stakeholders.= (Sears and Granello 2002)
12. MULTIPLE ROLES OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS Apart from their counselling
roles, school counselors are also assigned non-counselling roles. There can
range from: • Part-time teaching • Secretarial responsibilities • Substituting
teachers when not available • Lunch duty and, • Other responsibilities assigned
by the administrators and staff looking for extra assistance.
13. Non-counselling tasks can take a considerably amount of time and pull
counselors away from more appropriate counselling activities. Presence of these
non-counselling roles often brings confusion and lack of effectivity to the
guidance programs of the school.
In the Philippines, the roles of the school counselors have been prescribed and
professionalized the practice (R.A. 9258).
14. ROLE OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COUNSELOR (K-6) Include: •
development and implementation or facilitation of classroom guidance activities
• Individual and group counselling • Parent education, • Individual and group

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lOMoARcPSD|16981833
counselling, • Parent education, • Parent-teacher consultation, • Referrals to

professionals and public agencies and, • Crisis intervention and management.
15. ROLE OF THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL COUNSELOR (7-10) Provide guidance
and counselling in dealing with peer relationships and social interactions, and as
such, includes work with students, teachers, and parents in the attempt to help
each understand the other. (Ward and Worsham 1998)
16. ROLE OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL COUNSELOR (7-10) Provide guidance
and counselling pertaining to educational and career decisions as well as college
placement counselling. (Ward and Worsham 1998)
17. ROLE OF THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR Provide counselling, appraisal and
assessment, information, placement, research and evaluation, follow up and
students9 activities. (CMO 21 s. 2006)
https://www.slideshare.net/JahnissiGALAROSA1/the-setting-processes-
methods-and-
tools-in-counseling
Counseling Type Key Points
Focused on how past experiences affect current

problems
Psychodynamic Concerned with unconscious drives and conflicting
aspects of personality
Traditionally, the therapist takes the expert role
Diagnosis-focused
Interpersonal
Concerned with interpersonal relationships
Counseling
Therapist functions as a client9s ally
Humanistic approach
Focused on realizing human potential
Client-centered Therapy Supports client discovery
Counselor is empathetic, nonjudgmental &
nondirective
Focused on what it means to be alive

Non-symptom focused
Existential Therapy
Clients guided in discovering unfulfilled needs and
realizing potential
Focused on how both thoughts and behaviors affect

Cognitive-behavioral
outcomes
Therapy
Evidence-based, effective and highly versatile
Focused on feelings and thoughts in the moment, and

without judgment
Mindfulness-based
Includes CBT with a Buddhist-based mindfulness
Counseling
component
Highly versatile

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Rational Emotive Focused on how faulty thinking relates to distress

Therapy The therapist is active and directive
Focused on the present-day

Non-symptom focused
Reality Therapy Promotes individual responsibility and taking control
of one9s life
Counselor is positive and nonjudgmental
Focused on how cultural influences and

interpretations shape meanings
Constructionist Therapy
Strong interest in language
Client-driven, counselor acts as collaborator
Focused on how systems (e.g., school, work, family)

affect underlying issues
Systemic Therapy
Therapist collaborates with people across and within
systems
Focused on the stories we tell ourselves about who

we are
Narrative Therapy
Counselor works collaboratively to create alternate
stories
Focused on the use of artistic expression as a

cathartic release of positive feelings
Creative Therapy
Highly versatile4music and various art mediums may
be used
https://positivepsychology.com/popular-counseling-approaches
The Counseling Process
The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue between a counsellor and

a client. It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a person called
the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that he or she is experiencing.
Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome these problems so that person
has new skills and increased understanding of themselves and others.
For example, students in a college or university may be anxious about how to study
in university, lack of clarity on educational or career direction, have difficulty living with
a roommate of another race or religion, have concerns with self-esteem, feelings with
being <stressed out=, difficulties in romantic relationships and so forth.
Steps:
Step 1: Relationship Building

The first step involves building a relationship and focuses on engaging clients to
explore issue that directly affect them. The first interview is important because the client
is reading the verbal and nonverbal messages and make inferences about the counselor

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and the counseling situation. Is the counselor able to empathize with the client? Does
the client view the counselor as genuine?
Step 2: Problem Assessment

While the counselor and the client are in the process of establishing a relationship,
a second process is taking place, i.e. problem assessment. This step involves the
collection and classification of information about the client9s life situation and reasons
for seeking counseling.
Step 3: Goal Setting

Like any other activity, counseling must have a focus. Goals are the results or
outcomes that client wants to achieve at the end of counselling. Sometimes, you hear
both counselor and client complain that the counseling session is going nowhere. This
is where goals play an important role in giving direction.
Goals should be selected and defined with care. Below are some guidelines for goal
selection that can be used with students:
1. Goals should relate to the desired end or ends sought by the student.
2. Goals should be defined in explicit and measurable terms.
3. Goals should be feasible.
4. Goals should be within the range of the counsellor9s knowledge and skills.
5. Goals should be stated in positive terms that emphasize growth.
6. Goals should be consistent with the school9s mission and school health policy.
Step 4: Intervention
There are different points of view concerning what a good counselor should do with
clients depending on the theoretical positions that the counselor subscribes to. For
example, the person-centered approach suggests that the counselor gets involved
rather than intervenes by placing emphasis on the relationship. The behavioral
approach attempts to initiate.
Step 5: Evaluation, Follow-up, Termination or Referral

For the beginning counselor, it is difficult to think of terminating the counseling
process, as they are more concerned with beginning the counseling process. However,
all counseling successful termination aims towards terminating the counseling process
will have to be conducted with sensitivity with the client knowing that it will have to end.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Describe the clientele of counseling. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-11

2. Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.
3. Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: LET`S ENGAGE!!
Take a few minutes to reflect on any life- changing event that you
personally experienced. Think of how you coped with it. Answer the
following questions:
4. Did you effectively move on from it?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
5. Why do you think was it effective? How did you control the coping process? Or
do you think could have coped with it more effectively?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
6. What process would have helped you better?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: LET US FAMILIARIZE!
Describe the counselling process in the following setting:
1. GOVERNMENT
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. PRIVATE SECTOR:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. CIVIL SOCIETY:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. SCHOOL:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

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5. COMMUNITY:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: FILL ME!!
Fill the given diagram with the correct arrangement of methods and
process in conducting counselling. Explain the Importance of each
process.
1 2 3
4 5
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: BE A DREAMER!!
On a clean sheet paper write your insight, if you were to be counselor,

what setting would you choose? Why would you choose it? Describe the
process, methods, and tools you expect to utilize in your chosen setting.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
VERY NEEDS
EXCELLENT AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT
5 3
4 2-1

focused. It focused and define the there are too many
Ideas
attention. and quotes. development is

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quotes enrich
the central
theme.

central idea or order, and to move the does not.
Organization
moves the
reader through
the text.
Sentence
Fluency
reading.
REFLECTION
Complete the statement:
1. With the activities I have undertaken on this lesson, I learned that

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. I enjoyed most on
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more on

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (Elias M. Sampa 2017)
https://www.slideshare.net/praveensureshpai/counseling-
process#:~:text=2.,a%20counsellor%20and%20a%20client.&text=It%20is%20a%20co
operative%20process,he%20or%20she%20is%20experiencing
ANSWER KEY:
Activity no. 1: Answer may vary
Activity No. 2: Answer may vary
ACTIVITY 3
BUILDING relationship PROBLEM ASSESMENT GOAL SETTING
EVALUATION, FOLLOW -
INTERVENTION UP, TERMINATION OF
REFERAL

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(Explanation may vary)
Activity no. 4: Answer may vary
Prepared by:
CHERRYLYNE A. BERCASIO
DIASS Teacher/ Writer

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Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL WORK

PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN SOCIAL WORK
<Diversity makes for a rich tapestry. We must understand that all the threads of
the tapestry are equal in value, no matter their color; equal in importance no matter their
texture. - Maya Angelou
When you are blessed or are in a privilege position in the society, the greatest
contribution you can ever make is to pay it forward. Paying it forward is an act of doing
good to someone else as a way of giving back to the kindness that others or the world
has bestowed upon you. Looking after your own welfare also entails looking after
someone else9s, which is a basic moral and social obligation of one human being to
another.
For you to appreciate social work as a viable option for a future career, you need
to understand some fundamental ideas about the practice. When you do so, you can
begin to orient yourself with the skills and values necessary in social work and in social
care. After all, social work is a noble and fulfilling way of making you relevant and helpful
to other members of society, especially to those who need help the most.
What is Social Work?
Social Work is an academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with
individuals, families, group, and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning
and over all well-being.
The International Association of Schools of Social Work and International

Federation of Social Workers (2001) defined the social work profession as a
promotion of <social change, problem solving in human relationships, and the
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being=.
How is social work perceived as a profession?

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Smith (2002) considers social work <a very practical job= and since it is about
<protecting people and changing their lives and not about being able to give a fluent and
theoretical explanation of why they got into difficulties in the first place.
Social work as a practical profession designed at helping people addressed their

problems and matching them with the resources, they need to lead healthy and
productive lives. - Australian Association of Social Workers
Many of the social workers in the Philippines <characterize their practice as

responding to poverty… that this very often underlies the issues which they seek to
address. (Price 2014) Social work in the Philippines is generalist in its approach, which
means that social work education in the country trains a social worker to perform various
functions. Trainees for social work are exposed to a wide array of problems and issues
in various social work contexts.
GOALS OF SOCIAL WORK
GOALS DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION EXAMPLES
1. Caring It refers to the heart of social work. -enhancement of quality of

It focuses on the well-being or the life in prisons.
welfare of an individual and the
-upgrading and humanizing
community.
services in nursing homes
2. Curing It refers to the aspect of treating -popular counselling

people with problems in social approaches( family therapy,
functioning. behavior modification,
gestalt therapy)
3. Changing It refers to the active participation of -community organization

the social workers in social reforms. activities.
This goal comes from the
perspective that there is a -community
services/planning
persistence of poverty,
environmental destruction and
social disintegration.
SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK
A. Social Work as Primary Discipline

1. Adoption and services to unmarried parents
2. Foster Care- removing children from homes and placing them to foster homes
temporarily.
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3. Residential Care- these are for children exhibiting anti-social behaviors that
require intensive treatment.
4. Support in own home- counselling, family consultations
5. Protective Services - protecting the child from abuse, maltreatment, and
exploitation by parents.
6. Family Services
a) Family counselling - involves family case work, family group work and family
therapy.
b) Family Life education- strengthens family relationships through educational
activities to prevent family breakdown.
c) Family Planning - involves planning the number, spacing, and timing of child
births to fit with their needs.
7. Income Maintenance
a) Social insurance - social provisions that are funded by employers and
employees through contribution to a specific program.
b) Public Assistance- financial aid to the poor. Includes cash grants (4Ps), food
stamps general assistance such as medical care and supplemental security
income.
B. Social Work as Equal Partner
1. Support for people in their own homes program
2. Support for people in the long-term care facilities
3. Community Services
C. Social Work as Secondary Discipline
1. Correctional Facilities - provide counseling and link them to the outside world,
provide support upon release.
2. Industry- support to both employer and employees
3. Medical and Health Care Services- attend to social and psychological actors
contributing to the medical condition of the patients.
4. Schools- consult with teachers for creating a free and motivating environment
for children by interpreting social and cultural influences.
THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK
1. Acceptance - a fundamental social work principle that implies a sincere

understanding of clients. Acceptance is conveyed in the professional relationship
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through the expression of genuine concern, receptive listening, intentional

responses that acknowledge the other person's point of view, and the creation of a
climate of mutual respect.
2. Affirming Individuality - To affirm a client's individuality is to recognize and
appreciate the unique qualities of that client. It means to "begin where the client is."
Clients expect personalized understanding and undivided attention from
professionals. Individualization requires freedom from bias and prejudice, an
avoidance of labeling and stereotyping, a recognition and appreciation of diversity,
and knowledge of human behavior.
3. Purposeful Expression of Feelings - Clients need to have opportunities to
express their feelings freely to the social worker. As social workers, we must go
beyond "just the facts" to uncover the underlying feelings.
4. Non-judgmentalism - Communicating non-judgmentalism is essential to
developing a relationship with any client. It does not imply that social workers do
not make decisions; rather it implies a non-blaming attitude and behavior. Social
workers judge others as neither good or bad nor as worthy or unworthy.
5. Objectivity - Closely related to non-judgmentalism, objectivity is the principle of
examining situations without bias. To be objective in their observations and
understanding, social workers must avoid injecting personal feelings and prejudices
in relationships with clients.
6. Controlled Emotional Involvement - There are three components to a controlled
emotional response to a client's situation: sensitivity to expressed or unexpressed
feelings, and understanding based on knowledge of human behavior, and a
response guided by knowledge and purpose. The social worker should not respond
in a way that conveys coldness or lack of interest while at the same time cannot
over identify with the client.
7. Self -Determination - The principle of self-determination is based on the
recognition of the right and need of clients to freedom in making their own choices
and decisions. Social workers have a responsibility to create a working relationship
in which choice can be exercised.
8. Access to Resources - Social workers are implored to assure that everyone has
the necessary resources, services, and opportunities; to pay attention to expanding
choices, and opportunities for the oppressed and disadvantages; and to advocate
for policy and legislative changes that improve social conditions and promote social
justice.
9. Confidentiality - Confidentiality or the right to privacy implies that clients must give
expressed consent before information such as their identity, the content of
discussions held with them, one's professional opinion about them, or their record
is disclosed.

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THE CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK
1. Service
The primary goal of social workers is exemplary public service through helping
needy people address, manage, and resolve various social problems. Social
workers must always elevate public service above self-interest and personal gain.
Social workers use their skills and knowledge to help their clients through serious
social problems, such as drug dependency, child abuse, residential instability, and
criminal behaviors. Social workers often volunteer their professional skills through
community organizations free of charge.
2. Social Justice
Social workers advocate for social justice and fight against social injustice. They
offer social support and resources for vulnerable individuals and oppressed groups.
Their social change efforts are primarily focused on poverty, education, housing,
unemployment, and discrimination. They promote public sensitivity to social justice
issues and encourage the public to embrace cultural respect and genetic diversity.
Social workers ensure that their clients have access to basic services, resources,
and information. They promote the equality of opportunity and wholesome
engagement with clients.
3. Values
Social workers value the dignity and worth of each person. They treat each client in
a compassionate and respectful way that is mindful of individual differences, cultural
norms, and ethnic diversity. They promote clients9 socially responsible self-
determination based on their individual values. Social workers strive to increase
their clients9 capability to change, address their own needs and become self-reliant.
Social workers are always aware that they are simultaneously responsible to their
clients, the law and their organization. They resolve conflicts between clients and
society in ways that are respectful and socially responsible.
4. Human Relationships
Social workers recognize the primary importance of human relationships. They
understand that relationships between people are important vehicles for change,
advocacy and equity. Social workers engage clients, other professionals and
community program staff as partners in the healing and helping process. They
improve relationships among people in order to restore and promote the
functionality of clients, their families and communities. Because social work
depends on the ability to maintain positive relationships with individuals who may
be hostile and unreliable, social workers must be patient and communicative.
5. Integrity
Social workers must always act in trustworthy ways. They must maintain a continual
awareness of their organization9s mission, their profession9s values and their
individual ethical standards. Social workers must honestly and responsibly conduct
themselves in public to encourage their coworkers and support their organization.

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To maintain their integrity, social workers improve their work expertise through
continually increasing their career competency.
Who is a Social Worker?
http://ilovebadbananas.com/product_images/1191-art.png
A Social Worker is a person who helps clients and audiences in coping up with
their physical, mental, behavioral or emotional problems. The social workers does not
act on impulse. Rather, the kind of service he or she extends to people is planned and
systematic. He or she first identifies the people who need assistance. Studying the
environment and analyzing the client9s needs are two of the most basic things that a
social worker must perform.
Social workers present to their client the endless possibilities of getting through
challenges. This allows the reduction of stress on the part of the clients. The social
worker also counsels the clients by providing them hope for change and improvement.
Social workers research and refer clients to community resources. If in any case that
the clients are unable to transact with agencies on their own, social workers help them
apply, so that the clients could receive the corresponding benefits.
A social worker is concerned on how his or her clients can solve and cope with
everyday problems. Social work is a profession that calls for selflessness. Social work
is both an occupation (one in which you are paid for the job) and a profession (one in
which you consider a specialization and vocation).

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Rights, Responsibilities, and Accountabilities
It is not only about the fact that social work is always concerned with the clients and
service oriented, but it is also about the social work9s rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities like any other professions.
It is the right to achieve professional mandates or what is asked for the social worker
to do for the social worker to help the clients, public and the society and live by its value.
➢ A social worker must respect the clients.

➢ Social work responsibilities involve those situations that concern of its basic
functions, professional standards, roles, and adherence to the local and
international code of ethics.
➢ Lastly it is accountable to the clients, general public and the society. A social
worker must not only entertain but also accommodate them by interviewing them
and processing other necessary documents that the clients, public, and the
society submitted to the social workers. And then social workers will finally assure
the positive results in the said transactions.
ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL BEHAVIORS AMONG PRACTITIONERS
The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics is a set of

guiding principles to assist social workers in making decisions in the best interests of
their clients, even if they might contradict what we might do in our personal lives. These
decisions are not always easy 3 especially when two guiding principles come into
conflict.
These conflicts are called ethical dilemmas. They occur when a specific situation calls
for the worker to prioritize one ethical principle over another or if one9s personal values
come into conflict with the best practices outlined by our profession. Today we9ll explore
some more common situations faced by social workers in practice.
❖ Receiving Gifts- Whether it9s the holidays, a special occasion, or some other
milestone, your client may try to thank you for your hard work by giving you a gift.
These situations are much more complicated than they seem because there are
cultural, societal, and relationship factors to consider on top of the bond you and
your client share.
➢ Importance of Human Relationships 3 rejecting the gift may taint the
rapport you9ve built, perhaps over several years, or leave the client feeling
like you are personally rejecting her.
➢ Integrity 3 Part of our job is to serve as role-models by maintaining healthy
and appropriate boundaries in professional relationships.
❖ Involuntary Commitment- regardless of your social worker breed, at some point you
will come across a client who intends to harm himself or someone else. These are some
of our most challenging moments as helpers.
➢ Dignity and Worth of the Person 3the Code specifically states, <Social
workers may limit clients9 right to self-determination when, in the social
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workers9 professional judgment, clients9 actions or potential actions pose

a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.=
(NASW Code of Ethics 1.02 Self-determination)
❖ Breaches of Confidentiality with Minor Clients - there comes a point in every
adolescent therapist9s career when you hear these words: <You9re not gonna tell
my mom, are you?= However, soul crushing this may be, you are required by law
to report not only to the parent(s), but to the Department of Social Services or
Law Enforcement.
➢ Importance of Human Relationship 3 Breaching a child9s confidentiality
may impact their trust moving forward.
➢ Integrity 3 We must behave in a trustworthy manner, not only with our
clients, but with their families and the communities we serve.
❖ Commission of Illegal Acts - Sometimes good clients do bad things. In cases
of child abuse or neglect, reporting a client9s behavior is a no-brainer. Other
times, however, the rules are a little grey. This is especially common for social
workers who are working with clients who are incarcerated or abusing drugs.
➢ Dignity and Worth of the Person 3 As the NASW Code of Ethics states,
social workers seek to resolve conflicts between clients9 interests and the
broader society9s interests in a socially responsible manner consistent
with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession.
➢ Importance of Human Relationships 3 Trust is paramount to a client-
worker relationship. Reporting on your client9s illegal activities is in direct
conflict with that.
➢ Integrity 3 We must practice in a way that is honest and responsible. We
are also beholden to the laws and policies of the agencies and
communities we serve.
➢ Social Justice 3 Sometimes the law may seem unfair or your client9s
situation may feel precarious, especially if he has experienced
discrimination or injustice in the past.
❖ Interacting on Social Media - ten years ago it was considered unethical to email
our clients. Now our Code of Ethics specifically addresses the best practices for
conducting therapeutic services over the internet. One issue that remains sticky
is social media. What should a social worker do if a client tries to <Friend
Request= her on Facebook?
➢ Importance of Human Relationships 3 Social media is a ubiquitous part of
modern culture, particularly for younger clients. Your client may feel
personally rejected or slighted by your decision not to <friend= them.
➢ Integrity 3 Social workers must act in a way that is consistent with agency
policies, even if that creates a bump in the smooth working relationship
you have with a client. Some things to consider are how your client9s
perception of you may be impacted by the things they learn about you
through social media and what your comfort is with them being able to see
your personal information and activities.
➢ Competence 3 In addition to being a competent social worker, you need
to be a competent user of technology. Handling this ethical dilemma
involves working knowledge of the privacy capabilities and limitations of
both the devices and applications involved.
Steps for handling ethical dilemmas:

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1. Consult the Code- you should always have a copy of the NASW Code of Ethics
on hand for times like this. Spend some time reading through the code. Identify
the principles that come into conflict in the specific situation and why they are
important to social work practice.
2. Review State and Federal Laws- Be sure your decisions are sound, not only
ethically but legally. Remember you can9t help anyone if you put yourself in a
position to lose your license or your freedom.
3. Seek Supervision - no matter how long you9ve been in the field, if you have
doubts, questions, or just need a sounding board, seek supervision. Everyone
needs a second opinion once in a while. Supervisors can be particularly helpful
in guiding you to make the best decision possible in a difficult situation.
4. Consult the NASW-one of the most vital benefits to being a member of the
NASW is having the support of a national organization to back up your work.
Most states have a hotline social worker can call when they experience ethical
dilemmas. You can discuss your situation confidentially, without using identifying
client details, and get professional advice on how to handle things. Sometimes a
neutral party is the best resource to help you consider things from a new
perspective.
5. Take Time to Process What You9ve Learned - after you9ve done your research
and consulted the experts, take some time to process everything before making
your decision. Often, when faced with an ethical dilemma, you can9t undo a
decision once it9s been made. At the end of the day, you need to be able to live
with your decision and to feel confident you are doing what is in the best interest
of your client.
Resources: 3 Jane E. Shersher, MSW & Founder Counselors Autonomous: <How to Manage
Conflicts in the Workplace<
AREAS OF SOCIAL WORK
1. Child, Family and School Social Work

➢ The kind of help that social workers extend in this area include reaching out and
rehabilitating children who have experienced trauma or abuse; counselling
individuals who are undergoing stress and anxiety due to grief or depression; or
helping parents who have a child suffering from severe illness. The SW is expected
to have a high degree of expertise in handling sensitive and fragile situations of
children, families, and students in school.
2. Community Social Work
➢ The main task of the social worker is to assist in the effective implementation of
infrastructure building, volunteering, and fund-raising efforts. Social workers serve
as links to community-based non-profit organizations that help neighborhoods in
times of crisis and disasters.
3. Hospice and Palliative Care Social Work

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➢ Social workers under this provide assistance to those seriously or terminally ill.
Given the special circumstances, social worker in this area should be
knowledgeable on how to provide relief from pain and other relevant services.
4. Medical and Health Social Work
➢ Social workers with a medical and health background and expertise are assigned
in places such as clinics and hospitals to help clients with emotional, financial and
physical struggles caused by medical condition.
5. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Work
➢ This is an area of social work where the main clients are individuals who struggle
with addiction, substance abuse or mental health problems. Social workers provide
assistance and counselling to both the victims and their families by recommending
to them solutions to these issues.
6. Military and Veterans social work
➢ Social workers in this area are expected to provide assistance to military and
combat veterans by helping them overcome post-traumatic stress and slowly adjust
to life and family outside combat.
7. Psychiatric social work
➢ Social workers in this area provide therapy and asses the psychiatric health of
clients.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Identify the goals and scope of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ie-16

2. Explain the principles and core values of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ie-18
3. Explain the roles and functions of social workers. HUMSS_DIASS 12-If-19
4. Identify specific work areas in which social workers work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-
If-20
5. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities. HUMSS_DIASS 12-If-22
6. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners.
(Quarter 1, Week 5)
ACTIVITY 1: What have I Learned So Far?
Identify the concept being asked. Write your answer on the space
provided.
____________ 1. An academic discipline and profession that deals on the promotion of

social change, problem solving in human relationships, and the
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being.
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____________ 2. A person who helps clients and audiences in coping up with their
physical, mental, behavioral or emotional problems.
____________ 3. In the Philippines, social work can be described as _____ because

social workers in the country performed various functions.
____________ 4. It refers to the heart of social work which focuses on the well-being
or the welfare of an individual and the community.
____________ 5. It involves family case work, family group work and family therapy.
____________ 6. Includes cash grants(4Ps), food stamps general assistance such as

medical care and supplemental security income.
____________ 7. This is an area of social work where the main clients are individuals
who struggle with addiction, substance abuse or mental health
problems.
____________ 8. Social workers under this help those seriously or terminally ill.
____________ 9. It is based on the recognition of the right and need of clients to

freedom in making their own choices and decisions.
____________ 10. A fundamental social work principle that implies a sincere

understanding of clients.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: What is My Goal as a Social Worker?
Read and analyze the situations below. Identify the goals of

social work as to caring, curing and changing.
____________ 1. Embrace a world view of human issues and solutions to problems.
____________ 2. Empower people, individually and collectively, to utilize their own

problem-solving and coping capabilities more effectively.
____________ 3. Uphold the integrity of the profession in all aspects of social work.
____________ 4. Promote social justice and equality of all people regarding full
participation in society.
____________ 5. Contribute to the development of knowledge for social work

profession through research and evaluation.
____________6. Help the family to make decisions about their pattern of reproduction
towards enhancing the family9s quality of life.

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____________ 7. Offers adoption services to unmarried parents, foster care, residential

care and protective services.
____________ 8. Establishes linkages between people and societal resources to

further social functioning.
____________ 9. Facilitate the responsiveness of the institutional resource systems to

meet health and human service needs.
____________ 10. Treating people with problems in social functioning.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: Where Am I in the Social Work?
Study the picture below. Identify the role of the social worker and the
specific work areas in which social workers work as shown in
each picture. After which describe the functions, responsibilities,
and accountabilities of each social worker.
ROLES/WORK FUNCTIONS/RESPONSIBILI
AREAS TIES/ACCOUNTABILITIES
https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: MY PERSONAL DILEMMA
Read each situation carefully. In 3-5 sentences, react or give your

personal dilemma considering the Social Workers9 ethical and unethical
behavior in relation with their rights and responsibilities, duties, and
accountabilities.
1. Daniel was a social worker in private practice who counseled a couple who
decided to divorce and were in the midst of a nasty child custody battle. As often
happens in such cases, the attorney representing one parent (in this case the
mother) subpoenaed Daniel's records hoping to find documentation of the social
worker's concerns about the other parent; the attorney wanted to use the social
worker's records to impugn the reputation and credibility of the other parent.
If you were the social worker (Daniel), are you going to give your
records/documents to the other party? Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Dana is a social worker who served as a supervisor in a major health care system
sent an e-mail to colleagues that appeared to mock people who committed
suicide. The e-mail, which was sent shortly before the Christmas holiday,
included a photograph of a toy elf pleading for anxiety medication and hanging
itself with an electrical cord. The story went viral on social media and generated
widespread outrage. The state licensing board suspended her social work
license. Do you agree with the decision of the board? Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 5: APPLY IT IN REAL LIFE
You are a volunteer social worker for a NGO, which aims to

motivate and encourage young people, especially senior high school
students, to participate in community outreach programs. You are to
conduct a brief seminar-workshop on volunteerism and civic welfare in
times of crisis and risk emergency situations.
➢ For students who have gadget. You are to prepare a 10-15-minute

multimedia presentation which will introduce concepts on social work, in
relation to volunteerism and civic responsibility. Make sure that your
presentation is creative, appropriate to target audience and interesting.
Submit your output in the link provided.
➢ For students who do not have gadget, make a portfolio that will introduce
concepts on social work, in relation to volunteerism and civic
responsibility.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Needs
CRITERIA Excellent(10) Good(5)
Improvement(3)
The presentation The presentation The presentation

contained contained some did not contain
Content sufficient and sufficient and sufficient and
appropriate appropriate has inappropriate
content. content. content.
Most of the
Most of the
All the technical technical terms
technical terms in
terms in the in the
Use of Technical Terms the presentation
presentation were presentation
were used
used correctly were used
correctly
incorrectly
Only some parts

The whole Most parts of the
of the
presentation used presentation
presentation
Organization/Mechanics correct and were
used correct and
appropriate gramaticcaly
appropriate
grammar wrong.
grammar

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Total
REFLECTION
Complete this statement:

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
3. I want to learn more

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
BOOKS: (APA STYLE)

REFERENCES:
BOOKS
• Cleofe, Myreen P, DIWA Senior High School Series: Disciplines and Ideas in
the Social Sciences, 1st edition, DIWA Learning Systems Inc,. 2016
• Sampa, Elias, Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Rex Book Store,
Inc., pp. 63 3 74
WEBSITES
➢ Accessed: September 2020

• https://www.socialworktoday.com/news/eoe_0416.shtml
• thesocialworksindiass.wordpress.com/2018/07/31the-definition-scope-of-social-
work-goals-principles-and-core-values-of-social-work/

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• http://www.socialworkdegreeguide.com/lists/5-important-core-social-work-
values/
• socialworkbhu.blogspot.com/2014/03/principles-of-social-work.html
ANSWER KEY
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1:
1. Social work
2. Social worker
3. generalist
4. caring
5. Family Counselling
6. Public assistance
7. Mental Health & Substance abuse social work
8. Hospice and Palliative social work
9. Self-determination
10.Acceptance
1. changing 6. caring
2. Curing 7. curing
3. Caring 8. changing
4. Changing 9. changing
5. Changing 10. Curing
1. Educator Child, Family & School Social Work (Answers may vary)
2. Community change Community Social work (Answers may vary)

agent
3. psychiatrist Psychiatric social work/mental ealth (Answers may vary)
& substance Social work
4. counsellor Military & Veterans Social Work (Answers may vary)

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5. Health worker Medical & Health Social Work (Answers may vary)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4:(answers may vary)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5: Apply it in Real Life (based on rubric assessment)
Prepared by:
EDITHA F. MUŇOZ
Writer

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Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES IN SOCIAL WORK
Social work professionals work with various types of clientele and audiences not
only to help them improve their social functioning, but also to help them realize their
fullness potentials as individuals, organizations, and communities. Motivated by the
principles of empowerment, liberation, social justice, and human rights, social workers
render services to a wide array of clientele in various settings.
Social work may be defined as the applied science of helping people achieve an
effective level of psychosocial functioning (Barker, 1991). The practice of social work
requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social, economic, and
cultural institutions; and of the interaction of these factors.
Individuals
The practice of social work geared toward individual clients is referred to as micro
practice. Individual clients cover a very wide range of clientele groups depending on the
field of practice. They may be children, youth, adults with mental health problems, adults
dealing with substance abuse, people with developmental and physical disabilities,
battered women, and the elderly, among others. The needs and characteristics of
individual clients also vary depending on their specific circumstances. In rendering
services, the social work profession has a particular bias for individuals who are poor,
depressed, disadvantaged, oppressed, exploited, marginalized, and discriminated by
virtue of age, status, race, gender, class, and ethnicity.
Groups
Chess and Norlin (1996), as cited by Ambrosino et al, (2008, 133), defined group
<as a form of social organization whose members identify and interact with one another
on a personal basis and also have a shared sense of the group as a social entity.= Social
work professionals work with primary groups, or groups characterized by intimate,
personal, and enduring relationships among its members. Group work in social work,
as defined by Ambrosino et al. (2008, 133), is <a process and an activity that seeks to
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stimulate and support more adaptive personal functioning and social skills of individuals
through structured group interaction.= Group works are usually conducted to
complement casework.
Groups exist in communities, organizations, students in schools, teachers in school,

and departments in workplaces, and such an entity can undergo group counselling to
meet counselling needs on that level. The needs can range from desire to reduce
conflict or manage it, become more productive as a team, or work better together. Some
of the group processes and procedures resemble those that are applied to individuals.
However, some are unique to group and organizational context.
Communities
Community organization is at the heart of social work community practice. For social
work community efforts to succeed, there is a need for representation and action from
groups within the community. This approach lies at the belief that people working
together have a great capacity of improving their lives. To facilitate cooperation within
members of the community, social workers help develop community awareness, identify
and develop potential leaders, create strategic alliances, and build community capacity
for sustainable community development.
Community needs addressed by social workers are mainly on health, welfare, and
livelihood. Social workers also help in improving local economies and in bridging
individuals, groups, and organizations with institutions, systems and processes. They
also advocate reforms to address policies and other factors that perpetuate
marginalization and victimization of community members.
When people experience something collectively, which may be socially troubling

and constitute the danger of blocking their collective capacity to move on, counselling
is necessary to be undertaken on a community level.
THE SOCIAL WORK SERVICES, PROCESSES, AND METHODS
Careful planning is important to social work. Community needs assessment to

identify the strength and resources available in the community to meet the needs of the
children and families. It provides a framework for developing and identifying services
and solutions that support and nurture children and families. Without it, social workers
might be mistaken on the services that they will give to the people. Before they give the
services, they plan it first through surveys, interviews, community meetings and these
information are their basis to make data.

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Counselling Process – Stages
I. Relationship Building
• Accurate Empathy Feelings

• Genuineness/Congruence
• Positive Regard/Respect
• Laying foundations for trust
• Establishing the structure and form the relationship will take
• Informed consent process
• Articulating roles of counsellor and client- developing a collaborative
working alliance
• Providing a medium or vehicle for intense effect
• Modelling a healthy interpersonal relationship
• Providing motivation for change
The Purpose Serves
• Nonverbal and verbal attending behaviors

• Paraphrasing content of client communications
• Reflecting client9s feelings and implicit messages
• Openness and self-disclosure
• Attending to Client9s Theory of Change
• Interactive vs. Didactic Approach
• Promoting Hopefulness
II. Assessment
• Systematic way to obtain information about the client9s problems,

concerns, strengths, resources, and needs.
• Foundation for goal setting and treatment planning.
• Gathering information to promote understanding of client9s situation
and perspective.
• Completion of intake/of psychosocial.
• Standardized (e.g. psychological tests)
• Non-standardized (e.g. clinical interview) tools
• Completion of Risk Assessment where appropriate
• Diagnosis
III. Goal Setting
• Define desired outcome

• Give direction to the counselling process
• Specify what can and cannot be accomplished in counselling
• Client motivation
• Evaluate effectiveness of counselling
• Measure Client9s progress

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• The client articulates where they want their counselling journey to take
them
• Client9s role as one of driving the bus
• Enhances sense of ownership and motivation- factors important in the
change process
IV. Intervention and Problem Solving
• Begins as soon as goals are established- this is plan on how to achieve

them
• Action…directed with accord to a new perspectives
• Talked about…but lived
• Collaboratively established plan works best
• Educational in that client is offered information regarding options, and
advantages/disadvantages for each
V. Termination and Follow-Up
• Collaboration with client in identifying a date in advance 3

• Note that day, Managed care may dictate
• Role to review progress, create closure in client- counselor relationship
and plan for future
• Think of this as means of empowering client
• Counselor always mindful of avoiding fostering dependency and is
aware of own needs
• Preparation for termination begins long before
• Open door / plan of possibility of future need
• Termination considered not just at end of successful relationship, but
also is considered when it seems counseling is not being helpful
VI. Research and Evaluation
• Really completed throughout the counseling process - reflected in….

• Generating hypothesis
• Trying intervention strategies
• Determining if / when goal is met
• A plan for evaluation
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Describe the clientele of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-24

2. Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and communities.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-25
3. Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking social
work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-27
(Week 6 Quarter 1)

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ACTIVITY 1: Take Me Home!
Determine the needs of the following clienteles.
Clienteles Needs
1. Abandoned baby
2. Homeless Elderly

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3. Substance Dependent
4. Battered Woman
5. People with Disability
ACTIVITY 2: Concept Illustration!
Il Illustrate the different stages of counselling. Cite a specific case to

explain the six stages.

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ACTIVITY 3: Survey!
Il Conduct a survey among adults, ages 18 to 21 on their social work

needs. Use the following questions as guide:
a. How was your experience with the program so far?

b. What are the benefits of availing the particular social work program?
c. What do you think this facility will improve on?
d. Would you say that the program has helped you become a better,
healthier individual?
e. What would you like to avail more from this social work program?
ACTIVITY 4: Answer Me!
Il Answer the following questions in one to two sentences.
.
1. Among the three broad classifications of audiences and clientele in social work,
which do you think you will be willing to interact and work with? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. How do you think can the social work profession better address the needs and
problems of individuals, groups, and communities?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Among the different social work practice settings presented, which one do you
prefer? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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4. How do social work practitioners address the needs of individuals, organizations,

and communities?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
ILLUSTRATION RUBRIC
STANDARDS POINTS POINTS EARNED
You illustrated the 10

different stages of
counselling correctly.
You illustrated the 5

different stages of
counselling clearly and
creatively.
You cited an appropriate 3

case for each of the six
stages of counselling.
You used correct 2

spelling, grammar, and
punctuation in writing
your concept diagram.
Total 20
GROUP WORK RUBRIC
STANDARDS POINTS POINTS EARNED

You provided survey 8
questions that are
appropriate and relevant to
the theme of the activity.
You conducted the survey 3
to at least 20 young adults.

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You organized the survey 3

results well.
You used visual aids in 3
presenting the survey
results.
Your recommendations 3
are realistic and practical.
Total 20
ESSAY RUBRIC
STANDARD POINTS POINTS EARNED

You answered the 5
question comprehensively.
You organized your ideas 3
well.
You used correct spelling, 2
grammar, and punctuation
in writing.
Total 10
1. I learned that ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more _____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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BOOKS:
Dela Cruz et.al=Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Phoenix Publishing
House Inc., 2016, pp47-50.
Cleofe et.al=DIWA Senior High School Series: Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social
Sciences=, Diwa learning System Inc., 2016, pp41-43.
Cauyan et.al=Disciplines and Ideas in Social Sciences=, Vibal Group Inc., 2017, pp 36-
41 and pp 68-85
WEBSITES:
https://www.academia.edu)Social
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McHficxb2Gi
Clientele and Audiences in Counseling.docx
Psychology https://www.counseling.org/PublicPolicy/WhoAreLPCs.pdf
Activity 1
Possible answers
1. Foster parents, adoptive home

2. Adoptive home, medical care, nutritional needs
3. Rehabilitation, counselling, proper education
4. Protection, counselling, empowerment
5. Nutritional needs, training and equipping for employment
Recognition
Activity 2
Answers may vary

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Activity 3
Answers may vary
Activity 4
Answers may vary
Prepared by:
MARITES M. ANTIPORDA
WRITER

Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________

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DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a learned skill. However, while most people are born with the
physical ability to talk, not all can communicate well unless they make special efforts to
develop and refine this skill further. Very often, we take the ease with which we
communicate with each other for granted, so much so that we sometimes forget how
complex the communication process is.
Communication is the modus operandi of social and commercial intercourse. It

is communication, which gets the world going. It is the lifeblood of any organization. It
is the ability of mankind to communicate across barriers and beyond boundaries that
has ushered the progress of mankind. It is the ability of fostering speedy and effective
communication around the world, which has shrunk the world and made 8globalization9
a reality. Communication is at once the cause and the consequence of a powerful world.
Development of varied and sophisticated means of communication over a period has
brought human beings across the globe closer and has also facilitated transmission of
thoughts and ideas. The expanse of communication, therefore, is worldwide. And it truly
encompasses human life in all its facets and endeavors. It galvanizes action among
individuals, in organizations, in society and the world community at large.
Understanding the power of communication is essential for the success of any human
endeavor.
The term communication process refers to the exchange of information

(a message) between two or more people. For communication to succeed, both parties
must be able to exchange information and understand each other. If the flow of
information is blocked for some reason or the parties cannot make themselves
understood, then communication fails.
Communication is very important for the human beings. It really regulates and
shapes all human behaviour. Communication is the mechanism through which human
relations exist and develop. It is good to have an understanding of communication in its
wider sense. It is the interchange of thoughts or ideas. It is viewed as the transmission
of information, consisting of discriminative stimuli, from a source to recipient. In
everyday life, the communication is a system through which the messages are sent,
and feedback received. Communication is the transfer of information from the sender to
the receiver in the manner that the transferred information is being understood by both
the participants. According to Brown, <Communication is a process of transmitting ideas
or thoughts from one person to another for the purpose of creating an understanding in
the thinking of the person receiving communication.=

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The word communication is derived from the Latin noun communis and the Latin
verb communicare that means to make common. This word is much known to the
contemporary world. It is an all-encompassing word which includes the multitude of
experiences, actions, and events. Individuals and non-business organisations can also
indulge in mass communication to build an image in the masses. According to Kelly,
Communication is a field of knowledge dealing with the systematic application of
symbols to acquire common information regarding an object or event. According to
Luther, It is the transmission of commonly meaningful information. It is a process that
involves the exchange of behaviours. The following points show the different purposes
for a communication, and describe the way in which the communication differs based
on its purpose.
· To inform the public regarding the affairs concerned to them.

· To convey the messages to the people those are required.
· To persuade the human beings for certain activities.
· To request the people to get something done.
· To warn the public regarding some nuisance that has got consequences.
Scope of communication
Communication is important both for an individual and also for the society. A person9s
need for communication is as strong as the basic needs of human beings. A
communication should always clearly identify the subject scope of the communication.
The subject scope is a specification of the information covered by the communication.
It has become a basic for the social existence and the feeling of commonality and
togetherness. So, the existence of human being can be clearly elaborated in the
development of the communicative system. The scope of communication can be
evaluated and analysed from different point of views.
The Sender
The communication process begins with the sender, who is also called
the communicator or source. The sender has information 4 a command, request,
question, or idea 4 that he or she wants to present to others. For that message to
be received, the sender must first encode the message in a form that can be
understood, such as using a common language or industry jargon, and then transmit
it.
The Receiver
The person to whom a message is directed is called the receiver or the interpreter.
To comprehend the information from the sender, the receiver must first be able to
receive the sender's information and then decode or interpret it.

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The Message
The message or content is the information that the sender wants to relay to the
receiver. Additional subtext can be conveyed through body language and tone of voice.
Put all three elements together 4 sender, receiver, and message 4 and you have the
communication process at its most basic.
The Medium
Also called the channel, the medium is how a message is transmitted. Text
messages, for example, are transmitted through the medium of cell phones.
Feedback
The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been
successfully transmitted, received, and understood. The receiver, in turn, responds
to the sender, indicating comprehension. Feedback may be direct, such as a written
or verbal response, or it may take the form of an act or deed in response (indirect).
Communication Channel
The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for
sending the required information, ideas etc. This information is transmitted to the
receiver through certain channels which may be either formal or informal.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Identify the goals and scope of communication. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ih-28

2. Explain the principles of communication. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ih-29
3. Describe the elements and levels of the communication processes.
(Quarter 1 Week 7)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 LET’S SEE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Read the given concept in each number and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the answer on the space before the number.
________1. The person who intends to convey the message with the intension of
passing information and ideas.

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A. Receiver
B. Sender
C. Message
D. Communication
________2. This is the subject matter of the communication, this maybe an opinion,
attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.
A. Sender
B. Message
C Receiver
D. channel
________3. The person who receives the message or for whom the message is
meant for.
A. Receiver
B. Sender
C. Channel
D. Message
________4. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels

which maybe either formal or informal.
A. Receiver
B. Sender
C. Channel
D. Message
________5 The process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and
understood in the same sense as sender meant it.
A. Feedback
B. Message
C. Receiver
D. Sender
_________6. The process of clearly expressing and understanding ideas in written,

verbal, non-verbal, and multimodal forms.
A. Communication
B. Sender
C. Receiver
D. Message
__________7. The active internal involvement of the individual representative

processing of message.

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A. Communication
B. Intrapersonal Communication
C. Message
D. Sender
___________8. The process by which people exchange information, feelings, and

meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages: it9s a fate-to-face communication.
A. Communication
B. Intrapersonal Communication
C. Message
D. Sender
____________9. Refers to the nature of communication that occurs in groups that are
between three to twelve individuals.
A. Interpersonal Communication
B. Group Communication
C. Public Communication
D. Mass Communication
_____________10.A process in which a person, group of people, or an organization

sends a message through a channel of communication to a large group of anonymous
and heterogeneous people and organization.
A. Mass Communication
B. Group Communication
C. Public communication
D. Direct Channel
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 LOOP A WORD
Locate the essential words from the box related to the topic. Use the hints
below.
D F S W G H E I K W D M P E S Q R G P Q R F K U P
M I T S M E M J H A K F R J P J E V L B M G W Y U
J R O L D G E F H S G Y G J O A Q U E N D L J M B
T H B A K B N T I B O F L H R Y B W N A B N F F L
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lOMoARcPSD|16981833
A E M B H L X F M U T B J M T W C D N Q P Y H E I
L I Z T F G W H H N Z J S Q S F X Y A W O E B H C
L F S G J F P J F I R I E I J J Z A H O L P X V C
U O T L H K I I G P L T N P O K M U C P K Y B Q O
D Q U S F Z W O L A W O D B U L L A O G J W T U M
G E O M J B J T N B R P E T R E C E I V E R Z M M
H A P G O W B R J W E H R Q N E C P J B C F E L U
H K B O P T U R H F E E D B A C K I H T K H A I N
S L F I G O E H G R W C T D L Q J H R K E I T W I
O I K U J M K T E N S H G P I S D B D T H O G A C
K U G R E D T O K B Z X E I S O C M W J F P R Y A
P H O T O J O U R N A L I S M E S S A G E G J F T
Q V M V Y H H P R W Y G N Q P P B F O T D X Q J I
E R G E F R G H Y B O U N O I Q P E I L C C B F O
P I M O P G Y K M V H J P P L W Y I P H B Z T G N
G E W S E O G Q X F R H S E W G H K L W A F S B L
Q E D A M M A G N O I T A C I N U M M O C S S A M
Hints:
1. Interviewing people in a wide range of circumstances.

2. Is telling stories with photographs.
3. Vary across media, roles and content, and covering various sports and
writing.
4. The person who intends to convey the message with the intention of
passing information.
5. The subject matter of the communication.
6. A field built on ideas and images, persuasion and information.
7. A process in which a person, group of people or on organization sends a
message through a channel of communication to a large group.
8. The process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and
understood in the same sense as sender meant it.
9. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels
which maybe either formal or informal
10. The person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant
for.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 VOCABULARY WISE
Arrange the jumbled letters regarding Rational Choice Theory in Column

A then match it with the correct definition in Column B.
Column A Column B
_________1. REDENS
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__________________________ 1. The person who intends to

_________2. VERCEIRE convey the message with the
__________________________ intension of passing
_________3. IMMUNICIONTUC information and ideas.
_________________________ 2. The person who receives
_________4. GEESSAM the message or for whom the
__________________________ message is meant for.
_________5. NHALCEN 3. The process of clearly
__________________________ expressing and understanding
ideas in written, verbal, non-
verbal, and multimodal forms.
4. This is the subject matter of
the communication, this
maybe an opinion, attitude,
feelings, views, orders, or
suggestions..
5. This information is
transmitted to the receiver
through certain channels
which maybe either formal or
informal.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4
Write a minimum of 250-word essay addressing the question in the box.

A

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Watch your favorite teleserye and write a short reflection on

how the goals of communication make this teleserye more
viewable and appealing to the audience

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REFLECTION

86

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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
Boczkowski, P., & Lievrouw, L. (2008).Bridging STS and communication

studies:Scholarship on media and information technologies. In E. J. Hackett, O.
Amsterdamska, M. Lynch, & J. Wajcman(Eds.), The handbook of science and

Technology studies (pp. 949-978).Cambridge, MA: MIT Pres.
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L.(2000). Sorting Things out ; Classification and its
Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Coman, M., & Rothenbuhler, E. W. (2005).The promise of media anthropology . In M.

Coman and E. W. Rothenbuhler (Eds.),Media anthropology (pp. 1-12). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Craig, R. T. (1999). Communication theory As a field. Communication Theory,

9(2),119-161.
Long man, Little John& Foss. <Theories of communication= 3 2008
Gerald Stone, Michael Singletary &Virginia P. Richmond. <Clarifying communication

theories,= 2003.
Seema Hasan. Mass Communication, Principles and Concepts, CBS Publishers,
ANSWER KEY:

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Activity 1
1. Sender
2. Message
3. Receiver
4. Channel
5. Feedback
6. Communication
7. Intrapersonal communication
8. Interpersonal communication
9. Group communication
10. Mass communication
Activity 2
1. Journalism
2. Photo Journalism
3. Sports Journalism
4. Sender
5. Message
6. Public Communication
7. Mass Communication
8. Feedback
9. Channel
10. Receiver
Activity 3
1. SENDER
2. RECEIVER
3. COMMUNICATION
4. MESSAGE
5. CHANNEL
Activity 4
Answers may vary
Prepared by:
RONALD B. LOPEZ
Writer

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Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTIONERS IN COMMUNICATION
Effective professional communication is critical in today9s world. Most problems

arise because of poor communication. The meaning of communication is the process of
receiving and transmitting information. This is where our term professional
communication starts and it refers to the various forms of listening, writing, and
responding carried out both in and beyond the workplace, whether in person or
electronically.
Journalist is a person who writes for newspapers, magazines, or news websites

or prepares news to be broadcast.
Journalism is an activity or profession of writing for newspapers, magazines, or

news websites to be broadcast.
Communicator is a person who can convey or exchange information, news, or

ideas especially one who is eloquently or skilled.
Roles and functions of Communicators and Journalist
1. The foremost important role is to make available information and evidence to

inform the public about issues that matter to them in the most neutral way
possible.
2. They provide facts for the public to form judgement and decisions.
3. In some cases, they facilitate accurate processing and analysis of such facts in
a professional and ethical way.
4. The journalist performs a very important role in means of mass communication
in the modern world. The press tries to inform its reader objectively about what
is happening in the community, country, and the world at large.
5. To collect and document information, facts, and opinions, and present them for
the public and analysis and deepening to the root of reality.
6. To deliver truth and facts.
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7. The journalist educates the public about the events and issues and how they
affect their lives. They spend much of their time in interviewing expert sources,
searching public records and other sources of information and sometimes
visiting scene where crime or newsworthy occurrence took place.
Career opportunities for Communicators and Journalist
The field of communication is wide and almost every aspect of business and human
organization has communication specialist or roles. Companies must relate with
customers, clients, and other stakeholders. The same is true for the government and
public individuals because the need to be heard, to be understood, to be followed and
to convince others require communication.
Advertising and Marketing Specialist- can work as copy writer account executive,
sales manager, media planner, media buyer, creative director, media sales
representatives, can also function as public opinion researchers and pollster (such as
in Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia).
Communication educators can work as a college or university professors, and may

also serve as speech communication department chairpersons, language and arts
coordinators, Elem. and high school speech teachers, forensic and debate coaches, or
drama directors.
Broadcasting careers-can work as broadcasting station manager, director of

broadcasting, film and tape librarian etc.
Public Relations-can work as publicity manager, advertising manager, marketing

specialist, press agent, lobbyist, corporate public affairs specialist, account executive,
development officers, fund raiser, membership recruiter, sales manager, media analyst,
news writer, and public opinion researcher.
Theatre and performing arts- can work as performing artist, scriptwriter, producer,
director, arts administrator, performing arts educator, costume designer, theatre critic,
make-up artist, stage manager, model, theatre professor, and casting director.
In communication in government and politics related- can work as public

information officer, speech writer, legislative assistant, campaign director, research
specialist, program coordinator, negotiator, lobbyist, press secretary, and elected
officer.
International and relations and negotiations, communication graduates can

serve as on-air international broadcasting talent, corporate representative translator,
student tour coordinator, diplomat, foreign relation officers, host/hostess for foreign
relation officers and foreign respondents.
As journalist, they can also specialize in the field reporting, news editing, news
casting, author, copywriting, script writing, publishing, news service research, technical
writing, acquisition editing, and interviewing.
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Rights, Responsibilities, and Accountabilities of Communicators and Journalist

In modern times the media have exerted enormous power and assumed a powerful
position unprecedented in human history to serve as valuable means for articulation on
a large scale of popular aspirations and problems, of entertainment and pleasure, of
advertising and economic information, of shared strengths as well as weaknesses.
In this sense, the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities must be established to

safeguard the integrity of media and protection of the general public in the form
of accountability.
It is also part of the responsibility of communicators and journalists to ensure that
citizens can originate content and contribute to media content, and not just remain
passive consumers of media output.
Communicators and journalist have rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities to

exercise and live by which must provide guarantees against censorship and protection
of freedom of expression, safeguarding the confidentiality of journalistic sources,
ensuring that information held by the government.
To ensure that citizens have convenient access to all media which is subject and fair
law and universally recognized principles of human rights.
Rights and Duties

Privileges Responsibilities
1. Freedom of the Press 1. Observe ethical codes
2. Freedom of speech (e. g. 2. Respect rights of
protection of sources) others
3. Access to 3. Serve a watchdog
gateways and role?
distribution 4. Provide information
4. Access to information, for the public
people, spaces 5. Journalism ethics
5. Journalism 8privilege9
Code of Ethics of Communicators and Journalists
1. General rule is respect for truthfulness and respect for people9s right.
2. (UNESCO) United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural
Organization considers the code of ethics as being at the heart of
good communication and journalism for it fosters professional self-
censorship among professionals in the industry.
3. With the code of ethics, journalist is served, Publishers and owners of
media outlets are protected against legal claims and critics.
4. At all times upholds defends the principles of media freedom,
freedom of expression and the right of the public to be informed.

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5. Does his/her utmost to correct harmful inaccuracies.

6. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
7. Obtain material by honest, straightforward, and open means, with the
expectation of investigators.
8. Does nothing to intrude into anybody9s private life, grief or distress
unless justified by overriding consideration of the public interest.
9. Protects the identity of sources who supply information in confidence
and material gathered in the course of his/her work.
10. Resist threats or any other inducements to influence, distort, or
suppress information and takes no unfair personal advantage of
information and takes no unfair personal advantage of information.
11. Produce no material likely to lead to hatred or discrimination on the
grounds of a person9s age, gender, race, color, creed, legal status,
stability, marital status, or sexual orientation.
12. Does not by way of statement, voice, or appearance endorse by
advertisements any commercial product or service save for the
promotion.
13. Shall normally seek the consent of an appropriate adult when
interviewing or photographing a child for a story about his/her
welfare.
14. With the code of ethics contributes to the Accuracy, Fairness, and
Reliability of information.
Unethical behavior:
1. Plagiarism including in both written and non-written forms of communication.
Example: Copying someone else9s work and claiming as your own without
citing that source.
2. Breaking Confidentiality is the failure to respect a person9s private
information and without authorization that could causes harm against the
person.
Example: Sensitive information, messages or pictures from a person and
sharing it to others.
3. Manipulating Information is the act of trying to get someone to believe
something untrue or the person trying to assemble information to give an
impression that is false from the perspective of the sender.
Example: Spreading misinformation can cause negative impact to the person,
business or image of a person.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalist

2. Identify specific work areas in which communicators and journalist work
3. Explain the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities HUMSS_DIASS 12-
lj-34

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4. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Identify Me
Read the following statements below and determine whether the

statement is ethical or unethical. Write your answer in the space provided
after each item.
1. Without strong moral belief, one can be easily swayed to engage in contrary
behavior. _____________
2. Journalist must have a social behavior to engage in favoritism in the public.
______________
3. Refusing to relate with other based on their age, sex, and races.
___________
4. One must accept or give out bribes in exchange for services and goods.
_____________
5. Taking excessive breaks on repeated sick leave. ______________
6. Taking pictures, interview, and documents without the consent of the subject.
_____________
7. Work related issues should be kept separately from one9s own personal
issues properly. ______________
8. Employer is supposed to use the company9s money for his personal
expenses. ________________
9. Journalist must have a common code of conduct and are required to act in
each manner. ______________
10. Unwilling to adhere to proper rules of conduct and lacking moral principles.
_____________

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2. Guess Who?
Match the picture/s of the following media anchors with their iconic tagline.
Choose their statement below and write their tagline on the space
provided.
<Magandang Gabi, Bayan= <Ang Buhay ay weather weather lang=
<Excuse me po= <Kung may knowledge, may Power..Baaa bye =
<Handan na ba kayo?= <Kapag nasa katuwiran, Ipaglaban!=
<Gandang Gabi, Vice= <Ka-igan=
<Ligtas ang may alam, Red Alert9 <Kaibigan Usap Tayo=
ATOM
ARAULLO
https://bit.ly/33dYCl
ARNOLD
CLAVIO
https://bit.ly/2PiLM

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KORINA
SANCHEZ
https://bit.ly/3jXvxk
KIM ATIENZA
“
https://bit.ly/3i0qrS
NOLI DE
CASTRO
https://bit.ly/2XmJn6
ERNIE
BARON
https://bit.ly/2PgGz6j
MIKE
ENRIQUEZ
https://bit.ly/3i4ku71
https://bit.ly/3k5ybE ATTY.
JOSE AND
JOPET
SISON

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3. Sigaw Ko Pakingan Niyo!
Based on what is happening nowadays, create an advocacy (poster) on

how to prevent and eliminate injustice among communicators and
journalist. Put it is a short bond paper.
1 2 3 4
Coverage of The poster The poster The poster The poster
the topic does not quite includes includes good shows
include the the central of amount of idea exceptional
central idea of the topic about the topic understanding
the topic of the topic
Use of graphics Graphics do All graphics All graphics All graphics are
not relate to the relate to the are related to related to the
topic topic. the topic and topic and make
most make it it easier to
easier to understand
understand
attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
untidy and attractive attractive in exceptionally
unattractive. though it may terms of attractive in
be a bit untidy design, layout terms of
and neatness design, and
neatness
REFLECTION

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/426190869/DIASS-PPT2-pptx December 11,

2020
https://www.pngitem.com/pimgs/m/360-3608442_reporter-png-journalist-clipart-
pngtransparent-png.png December 10, 2020
https://cdn0.iconfinder.com/data/icons/media-and-communication-4/66/22-512.png
December 10, 2020
https://cdn3.iconfinder.com/data/icons/seo-long-shadow/36/news-512.png December
10, 2020
https://icons.veryicon.com/png/System/Icons8%20Metro%20Style/User%20Role%20
Reviewer.png December 10, 2020
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f2/82/b2/f282b26fac590990403d8ba3f9d44ab0.png
December 10, 2020
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist#:~:text=A%20journalist%20is%20a%20per
son, %2C%20writes%2C%20and%20reports%20information. December 9,
2020
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/journalism December 9, 2020
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/communicator https://bit.ly/33n4l8D December

9, 2020

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ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. Ethical 1. Ligtas ang may alam
2. Unethical 2. Ka-igan
3. Unethical 3. Handa na ba kayo?
4. Unethical 4. Ang buhay ay weather weather
lang
5. Unethical 5. Magandang Gabi Bayan
6. Unethical 6. Kung may knowledge, May
power
7. Ethical 7. Excuse me po!
8. Unethical 8. Kapag nasa katuwiran,
Ipaglaban!
9. Ethical
10. Unethical
Activity 3
Refer to the rubrics
Prepared by:
MICHELLE L. ABAD
Writer

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Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES IN COMMUNICATION
The discipline of communication is also known as <communicology=. In having an

effective communication, one must convince clientele and audiences to believe with
what he or she is saying. For them to believe what the speaker says, one must convey
one9s thoughts in a manner where the listener would most likely be swayed. Moreover,
the key for one to know which manner one should use to present the delivery is first to
identify the type of clientele or audience one is talking to. There are different needs in
different types of audiences. Therefore, there are different strategies to use. To know
the audience one is talking to, one must assess their fundamental perception of the idea
one is going to say. If the audience has already several knowledges about the topic of
what the speaker is going to say, the speaker must say more facts to reinforce the
understanding of the audience and for the audience to be persuaded. If the audience
has not much idea about the message one is delivering, one must provide them all the
knowledge they need to understand and agree with what one9s message. One must
recognize the audience9 current stand and think on how to let them accept the idea one
is trying to instill in their minds. It is important to know the number of the audience one
is talking to. The size of the audience defines the physical setting and the kind of visual
aids to be used.
CHARACTERISTICS AND NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLIENTELES

AND AUDIENCES OF COMMUNICATION
Communication serves the following clientele: individuals, groups and organizations

and communities. These clienteles use communication for different purposes, and
communication helps these clientele certain goals.
1. Individuals
- Here are some characteristics of clientele and audience in communication
one should consider to be able to satisfy them according to their needs. First
to consider is their education level. Literacy is one of the factors that can
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hinder effective communication. Age range is another factor to consider in

assessing clientele and audience. For instance, when delivering information
to a younger audience9s text messages may be more suitable. Knowing their
race and ethnicity is important too. Primary language, health status, and job
type are also significant to know in clientele and audience. Audience who
does not understand English, one should translate the communication
materials according to their language that they understand. Knowing the
health status of the audience may help analyze how much the audience
values health and the speaker may relate the message to the specific health
condition of the audience. The occupation has effect also on how the speaker
deliver his message. Information cannot be disseminated though internet or
email messages if the audience does not have access to computers.
2. Groups and Organizations

- Communication in an organization has a variety of needs to be achieved.
These needs can be summed up to the following: to inform, to build
understanding or change behavior, to prevent misunderstandings, to present
a point of view, to lower barriers between groups and individuals. When
choosing the people or groups your organization needs to influence, it may
be helpful to think about the many ways you can describe them. The more
clearly you can define your audience, the easier it will be to make choices
about your messages and communications vehicles. When analyzing each
group, consider: What do they already know about your organization? How
are they likely to react to your message and why? What are some factors
influencing the audience that receives your message? Are there any
difficulties you might have in communicating with each group?
3. Communities
- Listening is the key to have an effective communication. One must let the
audience feel that one is really listening and interested to their story and
opinion. Be on the same eye level as your client. Be aware of personal space
and face the client. Maintain an open, relaxed body posture. Communicate
with warmth and empathy. Use silence positively. One of the important things
we need to learn to be a good listener is to cope with these uneasy feelings
when there is silence. Positive relationships can be built though
communicaiton by using the right language. Using the right words can help
you to build strong, long-lasting client relationships. Empathy is sending
another9s feelings and attitudes as if we are experiencing them ourselves.
Create empathy by taking seriously other9s needs and concerns, valuing
feelings and attitude, respecting other9s privacy, experience and values,
listening actively, encouraging further elaboration and clarification, reserving
judgment and blame and withholding unsought advice.

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LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Describe the clientele and audience of communication. HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-37

2. Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-IIa-38 (Quarter 1, Week 9)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – KNOWLEDGE MAP

From the lesson you have learned above, give the characteristics of the
clientele and audiences of communication by using this organizer.
CHARACTERISTICS
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – DATA RETRIEVAL CHART

Describe the need of the different types of clientele and audiences and
determine the most appropriate solutions for them.
CLIENTELES/AUDIENCES NEED/S SOLUTIONS
Individual

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Group/Organizations
Community
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – REFLECTION PAPER

Write a reflection paper explaining why it is important to know the
characteristics and to address the needs of the clienteles and audiences
of communication.
You will be graded using the below rubric for scoring.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Above Meets Approaching Below

Expectations Expectation Expecttions Expectations
5 4 3 1
Reflective The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection
Thinking explains the explains the attempts to does not
student9s own student9s demosntrate thinking address the
thinking and thinking about about learning but is student9s
learning his/her own vague and/or thinking
processes, as learning unclear about the and/or
well as processes. personal learning learning.
implications for process.
future learning.
Analysis The reflection is The reflection The reflection The reflection
an in-depth is an analysis attempts to analyze does not
analysis of the of the learning the learning move beyond

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learning experince and experience but the a description

experience, the the value of value of the student of the
value of the the derived or others is vague learning
derived learning learning to and/or unclear. experience.
to self or others, self or others.
and the
enhancement of
the student9s
appreciation for
the discipline.
Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The relection
Connections articulates articulates attempts to articulate does not
multiple connections connections articulate any
connections between this between this connection to
between this learning learning experience other learning
learning experience and content from or
experience and and content other courses, past experiences.
content from other from other learning
courses, past courses, past experiences, or
learning, life learning personal goals,but
experiences experiences, the connection is
and/or future and/or future vague and/or
goals. goals. unclear.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE!

.
The class will be divided into groups with 4 to 5 members each team. You
may choose your own groupmates and determine your leader. The leader
will be the one to submit your output to the subject teacher. Do not forget
to indicate the names of the group members.
Choose one (1) among the three (3) clientele and audiences of
communication and conduct a demographic audience analysis about your
preferred target audience. You are also task to develop a speech topic for
your audience. The goal of this activity is to form your message around
your audience's values, needs and interests to receive more
understanding and acceptance from the targeted audience of the overall
presentation.
Step 1: Student teams will analyze their targeted audience by constructing a list of the
demographics of their audience including the audience's perceived values, needs and
interests. The teacher will determine the number of audiences for each
clientele/audience of communication. For those with gadgets: You may conduct the
interview via online platforms and submit your gathered data or audience profile to your
subject teacher via email or messenger. For those without gadgets: You may conduct
one on one interview within your community/barangay and record the gathered datas
from the audiences and submit to your teacher during the retrieval. Please observe
proper health protocols in conducting the interview.
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Step 2: Each team will then submit to the teacher their findings via online platforms or
through hardcopy of output by (1.) describing the target audience (2.) explaining the
audience profile they have generated and (3.) revealing the speech topic. You are to
reflect upon whether your team has created an accurate audience profile. Whether the
speech topic you have developed would capture those listeners attention. Remember
that listeners are egocentric and are interested in speech topics that relate to their needs
and their lives. As Koch points out in Speaking with a Purpose, <No matter how good a
speech looks on paper or how well it is delivered, its success or failure must always be
measured in terms of audience response,= (2007, p. 24).
RUBRIC FOR SCORING:
Category 4 3 2 1
Purpose is Purpose is Purpose is Purpose is not

stated clearly. stated somewhat stated vaguely stated.
Purpose
clearly.
Identifies all the Most of the topic Some of the One of the topic
topic (what is the (what is the topic (what is the (what is the
situation/proble situation/proble situation/proble situation/proble
m being m being m being m being
investigated) investigated) investigated) investigated)
and the purpose and the purpose and the purpose and the purpose
of project. of project. of project. of project.
Describes fully Most of the Some of the One of the

Content
the primary primary primary primary
audience audience audience audience
including their including their including their including their
demographics, demographics, demographics, demographics,
needs, interest, needs, interest, needs, interest, needs, interest,
level of level of level of level of
knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge,
attitudes, attitudes, attitudes, attitudes,
expectations, expectations, expectations, expectations,
and usage of the and usage of the and usage of the and usage of the
documents. documents. documents documents
Ideas are well
developed.

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Presentatio Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is The team

n
organized with a effectively organized with seems to h
high degree of organized in some ave no
effectiveness. most sections. effectiveness. clear plan for the
Supporting Adequate Supporting presentation.
material vividly supporting material is Supporting
material inadequate in material is

supports
contributes to some insufficient.
the speaker's
overall cases.
position.
effectiveness.
Collects and Collects basic, Collects Does not collect

presents to the useful information any relevant
Teamwork team a great information when prodded; information; no
deal of relevant related to the tries to offer useful
information; project; some ideas, but suggestions to
offers well- occasionally not well address team's
developed and offers useful developed, and needs; Does not
clearly ideas to meet not clearly perform
expressed ideas the team's expressed, to assigned tasks.
directly related needs; Performs meet team's
to the group's all assigned needs; Performs
purpose. tasks. assigned tasks
Performs all but needs many
tasks very reminders.
effectively.

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REFLECTION
• I learned that ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
• I enjoyed most on _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Arcinas, Myla M., Disciplines and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Phoenix
Publishing House
WEBSITES:
https://www.chino.k12.ca.us (July 2020)

www.scribd.com (July 2020)
https://serc.carleton.edu/ (July 2020)

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ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 – KNOWLEDGE MAP
1. Educational level
2. Age Range
3. Job type/Occupation
4. Language
5. Health Status
6. Race and Ethnicity
Activity 2 - DATA RETRIEVAL CHART
CLIENTELES/AUDIENCES NEED/S SOLUTIONS
Need to understand the -When interacting with

characteristics of lower literacy rate, it is
Individual audience for personal and better to present them
professional through oral
advancement. presentations.
-Apply different
approaches to young and
adult audience. Speaker
should use language
known by the audience.
Group/Organizations Need to inform, to build Analyze each group

understanding or change before communicating
behavior, to prevent with them.
misunderstandings, to
present a point of view, to
lower barriers between
groups and individuals.

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Need of gaining access to Create empathy by taking

communication seriously other9s needs
Community infrastructure and and concerns, valuing
technologies as a form of feelings and attitude,
empowerment. respecting other9s privacy,
experience and values,
listening actively,
encouraging further
elaboration and
clarification, reserving
judgment and blame and
withholding unsought
advise.
Activity 3 - REFLECTION PAPER (Answers may vary)
Activity 4 – KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE! (Answers may vary)
Prepared by:
RHODA G. REYNO
Writer

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Diass LAS Quarter 1 - Social Science Notes

Good Governance and Social Responsibility (Ramon Magsaysay Technological

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Downloaded by Dona Fe Managantan (donafemanagantan@gmail.com)

Learning Activity Sheet

Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times ii

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Clarify the relationships and differences between social sciences 1-13

Identify the goals and scope of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ia-2)

Explain the principles of counseling. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ib-5)

Discuss roles and functions of counselors. (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-6) 14-28

Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors. 29-38

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors.

Describe the clientele of counseling. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-11 39-48

Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling.

Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and

Explain the principles and core values of social work.

Explain the roles and functions of social workers.

Identify specific work areas in which social workers work.

Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities.

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among

Describe the clientele of social work. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-24 67-77

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times iii

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Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and

Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking

Identify the goals and scope of communication. 78-88

Explain the principles of communication. HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ih-29

Describe the elements and levels of the communication processes.

Explain the roles and functions of communicators and journalist. 89-98

Identify specific work areas in which communicators and journalist work.

Explain the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities.

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners

Describe the clientele and audience of communication. 99

Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times iv

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DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINES OF APPLIED SOCIAL

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Social Sciences is made of several disciplines and these include history,

Social Science focus on the relationships among individuals in society. It is the

The uttermost goal of social science is to answer different questions and

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Applied Social Sciences is a branch of study that applies the different

Counseling is one of the fields of applied social sciences as an application of

Counseling can be done by the following:

1. Guidance counselor and life coaching are applications of the social

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5. Social work practitioners help individuals, families, and groups,

1. ENHANCING COPING SKILLS

3. FACILITATING CLIENT POTENTIAL

Counseling seeks to maximize an individual9s freedom by giving him or

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4. FACILITATING BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Most theorists indicate that the goal of counseling is to bring about

The goal of counseling is to enable the individual to make critical

1. Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer relationships

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