WEB ESSENTIALS

IT 3401

ASSIGNMENT – 1

ARCHITECTURE OF WEB SERVERAND WEB BROWSER

NAME : CHANDRU.M
DEPT : B.Tech (IT)
REG NO : 210622205011
YEAR : 2nd YEAR
FACULTY NAME : Ms.V.Shanmuga priya
 ARCHITECTURE OF WEB SERVERAND WEB BROWSER

Web Browser :

 The availability of many browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge gives users the option
to compare performance andchoose what is needed as per their requirements.
 It is a highly advanced application software that helps surf the internet.
 It is like a gateway to access thehuge potential information the internet holds with a simple,
user-friendly UI (user interface).

What is a web browser :

 A web browser is an application that serves as a gatewayinterface between the user and
the server.
 It loads and compiles the results from the server in the form of an HTML web page and
paints it on the screen of the user. Itis an interaction tool for using the internet.
 A web browser helps us find any information available onthe internet in the form of texts,
photos, and videos.

Browser Architecture :

 Browser architecture is designed to provide a faster, more secure, and more feature-rich
platform that helpsusers interact easily with the internet. The browser
 Architecture is broadly divided into seven parts.
The user interface :

 A browser is designed such that itallows personalization, as every individual has different
interests. This personalization is achieved by providingbasic features like groups, collections,
bookmarks, and
 themes. Each browser can have a different user interfaceand features.

Browser Engine:

 The browser engine is responsible for coordinating web content that is fetched from
the server and user
 interactions. It keeps a note of which button is clicked, which URL is asked to parse,
and how the web contentwill be processed and displayed on the browser.

Rendering Engine:

 The rendering engine, on the otherhand, interprets and renders web content. In
most browsers, both the browser engine and the renderingengine work together to
provide better results to the user.

Networking Layer:

 This layer handles the communication part.

 When the user enters or clicks on a URL, the network layer initiates an HTTP request to the
webserver to loadthe requested web page. It also manages fetching resources from HTML
files, images, stylesheets, and more.
 Have you seen those cookie notifications whilesearching for information on the internet?
 Mostly, the network layer works behind the scenes for those cookiesand cache.

JavaScript Engine:

 The JavaScript Engine is the core component of browser architecture, with the ability to
manipulate webcontent and introduce dynamic behavior in web pages.
Data Storage:

 A large part of the browser goes into storingvarious types of data, which include
not only user preferences, browsing history, passwords, and otherregular data
updates as well (address, name, and contact).

UI backend:

 The UI backend provides dynamic and interactivebehavior on the web page and enhances
the overall functionality and performance of the browser.

Conclusion

 The magic of web browsing doesn’t end with its convenience.

 Understanding the intricate workings behind the scenes, from rendering engines to
JavaScriptmanipulation, adds a layer of appreciation for the complex symphony that
delivers information to your screen at lightning speed.
 Whether you’re a tech enthusiast or simply curious about how things work, delve deeper
into browser architecture to unlock a newlevel of understanding about the tool that
connects youto the vast world of the internet.

WEB SERVERS:

 A web server is a software application or hardware device that stores, processes, and serves
web content to users over the internet.
 It plays a critical role in the client-server model of the World Wide Web, where clients
(typically web browsers) request web pages and resources, and servers respond to these
requests bydelivering the requested content.

Web Server Architecture:

 Web server architecture refers to the structure and design of web servers, outlining
how they handleincoming requests and deliver web content.
There aretwo main approaches to web server architecture:

Single-Tier (Single Server) Architecture:

 In a single-tier architecture, a single server is responsiblefor both processing requests and

serving web content.

 This is suitable for small

websites or applications with
lowtraffic. However, it has
limitations in terms of
scalability and fault tolerance. If the server goes down, the entire service becomes
unavailable.

Multi-Tier (Load-Balanced) Architecture:

 In a multi-tier architecture, multiple servers are used to distribute the workload and
ensure high availability.
 This approach often involves load balancersthat evenly distribute incoming requests
across a clusterof web servers.
Working of Web Servers :

 A web server works in the following ways: Obtain the IP address from domain name: IP
address is obtained in two ways either by searchin it in the cache orrequesting DNS
Servers
 Requests full URL from Browsers: After fetching IP address a full URL is demanded from
from web server The Web Page is displayed on the browser: After gettingthe response
from the server, the web browser displaysthe result.

Conclusion:

 Web servers are the backbone of the internet,

 enabling us to access and interact with websites and webapplications every day.
Understanding their working andarchitecture is essential for web developers,
 administrators, and anyone interested in the digital world. Whether you’re running a
personal blog or webservers play a pivotal role in delivering online content efficiently and
securely.