AASHIKA SHRESTHA

BBIS IV
ROLL.NO: 24
ASSIGNMENT I
Web Technology

WEB TECHNOLOGY

We probably know that computers don’t communicate with each other the way that people do.
Instead computers require codes or directions. The binary codes and commands allow
computers to process needed information. The methods by which computers communicate with
each other through the markup languages and multimedia packages is known as web
technology. It refers to the various tools and techniques that are utilized in the process of
communication between different types of devices over the internet.Web Technology
can be classified into following categories:
● World wide web
● Web browser
● Web server
● Web page
● Web development

World Wide Web

The WWW was initiated by CERN as a combination of all resources and users on the
Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is based on several
different technologies : Web browsers, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

Web Browser
Web browser is an application software that allows us to view and explore information
on the web. It is used to access web pages. It can also be defined as programs that
display text, data, pictures, animation, and video on the Internet. It provides an interface
between the server and the client and requests to the server for web documents and
services.For example: Google chrome,Safari,Internet explorer,opera etc.

Web Server
It is a program which processes the network requests of the users and serves
them with files that create web pages. This exchange takes place using
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). There are different types of web server such
as Apache HTTP server, Microsoft Internet Information Services(IIS),Nginx Web
Server etc.

Web Pages:
A web page is a digital document that is linked to the World Wide Web and viewable by
anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser.It can contain any type of
information, such as text, color, graphics, animations, videos and sounds, etc.
There are two components of it,they are content wise and stru​​cture wise.

Web Development
Web development refers to the building, creating, and maintaining of websites. It
includes aspects such as web design, web publishing, web programming, and database
management. It is the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e.
websites. Web Development can be classified into two ways
● Frontend Development
● Backend Development

Frontend Development:
The part of a website where the user interacts directly is termed as front end. It is
also referred to as the ‘client side’ of the application. It im of web design and
structure ,with different ideas to enhance the user experience,ensures that the
web design is responsive, secure & scalable. Stay updated with the latest web
design trends, etc.
● HTML
● CCS
● Javascript
● AJAX

HTML
It is used to design the front-end portion of web pages using a markup language, a
combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between the
web pages. The markup language is used to define the text documentation within the
tag which defines the structure of web pages.

Cascading style sheets(CSS)

Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used
to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could
only be defined in a page's HTML. Plus, CSS makes it easy to change styles across
several pages at once.

Javascript
JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most
commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script
to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted programming
language with object-oriented capabilities.

AJAX
This stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for
creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML,
HTML, CSS, and Javascript.XML is commonly used as the format for receiving server
data, although any format, including plain text, can be used.
1).How does the browser communicate with the web server?

● First , we request a page from server to get by the client or browser

● Then, the connection must be established between the server and
client using HTTP Protocol
● Server will reply if the requested page exist, if not the error message
such as page not found or technically, http error 400 or 500 etc
● After this, either we will get the requested page or will not get
response
● Later on the clients will get disconnected from the server.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed,

collaborative, hypermedia information systems.This is the foundation for data
communication for the World Wide Web (i.e. internet) since 1990. HTTP is a generic
and stateless protocol which can be used for other purposes as well using extensions of
its request methods, error codes, and headers.

HTTP is a TCP/IP based communication protocol, that is used to deliver data

(HTML files, image files, query results, etc.) on the World Wide Web. The default port is
TCP 80.It provides the standardized way for computers to communicate with each
other.
The Basic Features of HTTP
There are three basic features that make HTTP a simple but powerful protocol:

HTTP is connectionless:
The HTTP client, i.eA browser initiates an HTTP request and after a request is made,
the client waits for the response. The server processes the request and sends a
response back after which the client disconnects the connection. So client and server
knows about each other during current request and response only. Further requests are
made on new connections like client and server are new to each other.

HTTP is media independent:

It means, any type of data can be sent by HTTP as long as both the client and the
server know how to handle the data content. It is required for the client as well as the
server to specify the content type using appropriate MIME-type.

HTTP is stateless:
As mentioned above, HTTP is connectionless and it is a direct result of HTTP being a
stateless protocol. The server and client are aware of each other only during a current
request. Afterwards, both of them forget about each other. Due to this nature of the
protocol, neither the client nor the browser can retain information between different
requests across the web pages.