T.Y.B.

Tech(E&TC) ,CCEW Computer Network & Security Lab (2022-23) Sem 2

Name: Neha Shroff

CNum: UEC2021263
Experiments no: 5a

Aim:- To Install and configure Web Server and hosting web pages using HTML programming.

Objectives: To study hosting of website using Internet Information Server

Theory:

Web is a repository of information in which the documents, called web pages, are distributed all
over the world and related documents are linked togetherThe linking of web pages was achieved
using a concept called hypertext, WWW today is a distributed client-server service, in which a
client using a browser can access a service using a server. A web server is software and hardware
that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests
made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website content through
storing, processing and delivering webpages to users.

When a user clicks on a hyperlink, the browser carries out a series of steps in order to fetch the
page pointed to.

Suppose that a user is browsing the Web and finds a link on Internet telephony that points to
ITU's home page, which is http://www.itu.org/home/index.html.

Let us trace the steps that occur when this link is selected.

1. The browser determines the URL (by seeing what was selected).

2. The browser asks DNS for the IP address of www.itu.org.

3. DNS replies with 156.106.192.32.

4. The browser makes a TCP connection to port 80 on 156.106.192.32.

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5. It then sends over a request asking for file /home/index.html.

6. The www.itu.org server sends the file /home/index.html.

7. The TCP connection is released.

8. The browser displays all the text in /home/index.html.

9. The browser fetches and displays all images in this file.

Common and top web server software on the market

There are a number of common web servers available, some including:

● Apache HTTP Server. Developed by Apache Software Foundation, it is a free and open
source web server for Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, Solaris and other operating
systems; it needs the Apache license.
● Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Developed by Microsoft for Microsoft
platforms; it is not open sourced, but widely used.
● Nginx. A popular open source web server for administrators because of its light resource
utilization and scalability. It can handle many concurrent sessions due to its event-driven
architecture. Nginx also can be used as a proxy server and load balancer.
● Lighttpd. A free web server that comes with the FreeBSD operating system. It is seen as
fast and secure, while consuming less CPU power.
● Sun Java System Web Server. A free web server from Sun Microsystems that can run
on Windows, Linux and Unix. It is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites.

Basics of URL:
A web page, as a file, needs to have a unique identifier to distinguish it from other web pages. To
define a web page, we need three identifiers: host, port, and path.

Protocol. The first identifier is the abbreviation for the client-server program that we need in
order to access the web page. Although most of the time the protocol is HTTP (HyperText
Transfer Protocol), we can also use other protocols such as FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
Host. The host identifier can be the IP address of the server or the unique name given to the
server. IP addresses can be defined in dotted decimal notation, as (such as 64.23.56.17); the
name is normally the domain name that uniquely defines the host, such as forouzan.com,
which is Domain Name System
(DNS)
Port. The port, a 16-bit integer, is normally predefined for the client-server application. For
example, if the HTTP protocol is used for accessing the web page, the well-known port number
is 80. However, if a different port is used, the number can be explicitly given.
Path. The path identifies the location and the name of the file in the underlying operating
system.

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HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to define how the client-server programs can be
written to retrieve web pages from the Web. An HTTP client sends a request; an HTTP server
returns a response. The server uses the port number 80; the client uses a temporary port number.
HTTP uses the services of TCP. is a connection-oriented and reliable protocol. This means that,
before any transaction between the client and the server can take place, a connection needs to be
established between them. After the transaction, the connection should be terminated.
The HTTP protocol defines the format of the request and response messages. The first section in
the request message is called the request line; the first section in the response message is called
the status line

Web Documents
The documents in the WWW can be grouped into three broad categories: static, dynamic, and
active.
There are three fields in this line separated by one space and terminated by two characters
(carriage return and line feed. The fields are called method, URL,
and version.
Methods

A response message consists of a status line, header lines, a blank line, and sometimes a body.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

It is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
It describes the structure of a Web page
It consists of a series of elements ; they tell the browser how to display the content

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>
Examples of some HTML elements:

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<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage. HTML <p>
element defines a paragraph

Internet Information Services (IIS) is a flexible, general-purpose web server from Microsoft
that runs on Windows systems to serve requested HTML pages or files.
An IIS web server accepts requests from remote client computers and returns the appropriate
response. This basic functionality allows web servers to share and deliver information across
local area networks (LAN), such as corporate intranets, and wide area networks (WAN), such as
the Internet.

A web server can deliver information to users in several forms, such as static webpages coded in
HTML; through file exchanges as downloads and uploads; and text documents, image files and
more.

Enabling IIS and required IIS components on Windows 10

1. Open Control Panel and click Programs and Features > Turn Windows features on or off.
2. Enable Internet Information Services.
3. Expand the Internet Information Services feature and verify that the web server
components listed in the next section are enabled.
4. Click OK.

Steps to create a new website in IIS:

● Log on to the web server computer as an administrator.

● Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
● Double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Internet Services Manager.
● Click Action, point to New, and then click website.
● After the website Creation Wizard starts, click Next.
● Type a description for the website. (This description is used internally to identify the
website in Internet Services Manager only.)
● Select the IP address to use for the site. Selecting All (unassigned) will make the website
accessible on all interfaces and all configured IP addresses.
● Type the TCP port number to publish the site on.
● Type the Host Header name (the real name that is used to access this site).
● Click Next.
● Either type the path to the folder that’s holding the website documents or click Browse to
select the folder, and then click Next.

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● Select the access permissions for the website, and then click Next.
● Click Finish.

Result:

Conclusion:

We have used a software called Internet Information service which is a flexible, general-purpose
web server from Microsoft that runs on Windows systems to serve requested HTML pages or files.
An IIS web server accepts requests from remote client computers and returns the appropriate
response. This basic functionality allows web servers to share and deliver information across local
area networks (LAN), such as corporate intranets, and wide area networks (WAN), such as the
Internet. The experiment aimed to set up a web server and host web pages through HTML
programming. By installing and configuring the server, we gained practical insights into the
process of website hosting. Through this, they explored the functionalities of Internet Information
Server (IIS) and learned how to manage web content effectively. This hands-on experience
provided valuable knowledge about the fundamentals of web hosting and equipped participants
with essential skills for managing online content in real-world scenarios.

Short Questions:

1.What are static, dynamic and active web pages?

Static Web pages are very simple. It is written in languages such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc.
For static web pages when a server receives a request for a web page, then the server sends the
response to the client without doing any additional process. And these web pages are seen
through a web browser. In static web pages, Pages will remain the same until someone changes it
manually.

Dynamic Web Pages are written in languages such as CGI, AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc. In
dynamic web pages, the Content of pages is different for different visitors. It takes more time to

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load than the static web page. Dynamic web pages are used where the information is changed
frequently, for example, stock prices, weather information, etc.

Active pages are pages that generate at least one SEO visit over a given period. Because they
earn visits from search engine results pages, they are key pages to pay attention to in your
strategy.

2. Write difference between http & ftp.

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