BDwbU 1 BDwbU 1 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

M„ncvwjZ cïi
†ivM wbY©‡q cïm¤ú` evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| †`‡ki mvgwóK
cÖv_wgK KiYxq A_©bxwZ‡Z G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb cÖvq 6.5 kZvsk| Rwg Pvl, dmj gvovB, cwienY,
mvi I R¡vjvwbi welq we‡ePbv Ki‡j G Ae`v‡bi cwigvY `vuovq cÖvq 13 kZvsk|
RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vbKvix Gme cïI gvby‡li b¨vq wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa‡Z
AvµvšÍ n‡q _v‡K| h_vmg‡q AvµvšÍ cïi †ivM wbY©q Kiv Ges †m Abyhvqx
wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv Acwinvh©| eZ©gv‡b wPwKrmvi Afv‡e cÖwZeQi 10 kZvsk
Mevw`cï Ges 10−15 kZvsk nvumgyiwMi g„Zz¨ n‡”Q| G‡Z cÖwZeQi †`‡ki cÖvq
1400 †KvwU UvKvi m¤ú` webó nq| Kv‡RB cïi †ivM h_vmg‡q wbY©q K‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V cïi evwn¨K cix¶v, Af¨šÍixY cix¶v Ges cix¶vMv‡i
wewfbœ †iv‡Mi bgybv cix¶vmsµvšÍ wewfbœ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 1.1 cïi evwn¨K cix¶v

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

†ivM wbY©‡q cïi gvwjK ev cvjbKvix‡K Kx Kx wRÁvmv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv
wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kxfv‡e †ivMvµvšÍ cïi mvaviY I wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶v Ki‡eb
Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kxfv‡e cïi kvixwiK cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

eZ©gvb I AZxZ BwZnvm

cïi †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB evwn¨K cix¶v Avek¨K| G cix¶v‡K mvaviY
cix¶v (General Examination) e‡j| †iv‡M AvµvšÍ cï †_‡K K‡qK MR
cïi †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Gi `~‡i `vuwo‡q G cix¶v Kiv nq| cï gvby‡li b¨vq K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB,
gvwjK ev cvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K
†ivMmsµvšÍ wewfbœ eZ©gvb I evwn¨K cix¶vi c~‡e© cïi gvwjK A_ev cvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K †ivMmsµvšÍ wewfbœ
AZxZ Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ eZ©gvb I AZxZ Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| D`vniY¯^iƒc, cïi
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
Lv`¨ MÖnY ¯^vfvweK Av‡Q wK−bv, cï cÖmªvecvqLvbv wVKg‡Zv Ki‡Q wK−bv,
eZ©gv‡b Zvi Amyweav Kx, KZw`b c~‡e© †iv‡Mi j¶Y cÖ_g †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, BwZc~‡e©
†Kv‡bv wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK−bv BZ¨vw`|

mvaviY cix¶v (General Examination)

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cï‡K cÖ_‡g `~i †_‡K †`‡L Ges c‡i wbK‡U †h‡q Zvi kvixwiK cix¶v Ki‡Z
n‡e| mvaviY cix¶vi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi ch©‡e¶Y¸‡jv †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡e|
h_v−

cvwicvwk¦©K DÏxcK Amy¯’ K. AvPi (Behaviour) t Amy¯’ cï mvaviYZ mxwgZ bovPov K‡i Ges Ab¨vb¨
cï‡K D‡ØwjZ K‡i bv| cï †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K| cvwicvwk¦©K DÏxcK Amy¯’ cï‡K D‡ØwjZ K‡i bv|
A‡bK mgq cï‡K ¯’wei I wPšÍvhy³ g‡b nq| †c‡U e¨_v n‡j cï‡K Aw¯’i g‡b
nq, †ewk bovPov K‡i, NbNb ï‡q c‡o I D‡V `vuovq, †c‡Ui w`‡K ZvKvq I
wcQ‡bi cv w`‡q †c‡U AvNvZ K‡i, MovMwo †`q, WvKvWvwK K‡i| kix‡i
LwYRRvZxq Dcv`v‡bi (†hgb− †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW, †Kvevë, dmdivm BZ¨vw`)
Afve n‡j cï ALv`¨ e¯‘, †hgb− Kvco, Ry‡Zv BZ¨vw` LvIqvi †Póv K‡i|
Avevi RjvZ¼ n‡j cï D‡ËwRZ I AvµgYvZœK nq|
L. Mjvi ¯^i (Voice) t wKQy wKQy †ivM, †hgb− RjvZ¼, n‡j cïi Mjvi ¯^i
cwiewZ©Z nq| kix‡i Zxeª e¨_v n‡j cï Aby”P ¯^‡i `xN©¶Y WvK‡Z _v‡K|
M. Lv`¨ MÖnY (Eating) t Amy¯’ cï‡Z iæwPnxbZv †`Lv †`q| gyLMnŸ‡i †Kv‡bv
¶Z _vK‡j, Abœbvwj msKzwPZ n‡j A_ev Abœbvwji Dc‡i Aew¯’Z MnŸi A_©vr
Mjwej ev d¨vwism Aek (Pharyngeal Paralysis) n‡j cï Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|

N. PvjPjb I fw½ (Gait & Posture) t cïi PvjPjb I fw½ †`‡L kvixwiK
Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| †hgb− †Kv‡bv cï Lyuwo‡q nvuU‡j Zv cÖavbZ
cv‡qiøvqy, †cwk, Aw¯’ ev Aw¯’mwÜi †ivM wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc ¶ziv‡ivM,
¶ziv‡ivM, ev`jv, mwÜPy¨wZ
A_ev cv‡qi nvo †f‡O †M‡j ev`jv, mwÜPy¨wZ A_ev cv‡qi nvo †f‡O †M‡j cï Lyuwo‡q nvu‡U| †c‡U e¨_v n‡j
cï Lyuwo‡q nvu‡U| wcV Kzu‡Rv K‡i iv‡L, gv_v †Nviv ev wMW †ivM (Gid Disease) n‡j cï e„ËvKv‡i
Nyi‡Z _v‡K| ey‡K e¨_v A_ev k¦vmKó n‡j cï mvg‡bi `ycv evB‡ii w`‡K
m¤úÖmvwiZ K‡i| wU‡Ubvm (Tetanus) n‡j †jR, Kvb, Nvo BZ¨vw` k³ n‡q
hvq| ZviKvUvRvZxq wRwbm Lv‡`¨i m‡½ cvK¯’jx‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡j cï †giæ`Û
abyKvK…wZ I †cU Uvb K‡i iv‡L| gjØvi, †hvwbØvi cÖf…wZ A‡½ e¨_v Abyf‚Z n‡j
†jR DuwP‡q iv‡L| `y»R¡i (Milkfever) n‡j Miæ kvwqZ Ae¯’vq gv_v ey‡Ki
w`‡K evuwK‡q iv‡L| g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi NvUwZRwbZ wU‡Uwb †ivM (Grass Tetany)
n‡j Miæ cvk¦©w`‡K ï‡q (Lateral Recumbancy) Pvi nvZcv Qwo‡q iv‡L Ges
gv_v aby‡Ki g‡Zv †eu‡K hvq|
my¯’ cïi Z¡K gm„Y| Amy¯’ O. Z¡K (Skin) t Z¡‡Ki Ae¯’v cÖZ¨¶ K‡iI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ivM m¤ú‡K© aviYv
cïi †jvg Dm‡KvLyk‡Kv nq| cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ my¯’ cïi Z¡K gm„Y _v‡K| Amy¯’ cïi †jvg Dm‡KvLyk‡Kv
_v‡K| AwaK kx‡Z A_ev R¡‡i cïi †jvg Lvov _v‡K| `v`, †dvuov, ¶Z BZ¨vw`
n‡j `~i †_‡K mn‡R Abygvb Kiv hvq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 2

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

P. wewea t Amy¯’ cï mvaviYZ wbR©xe _v‡K| gkvgvwQ Mv‡q em‡j gv_v, Kvb ev
my¯’ I mej cï‡Z gv‡Rj †jR w`‡q Zvovq bv| cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv
me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K| †`Lvq bv| gy‡Li Dc‡i †Vvu‡Ui †jvgwenxb Ask ev gv‡Rj (Muzle) ﮋ n‡q hvq|
my¯’ I mej cï‡Z gv‡Rj me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K| Amy¯’ cïi RveiKvUv eÜ n‡q hvq
Ges ˆ`wnK Ae¯’vi AebwZ N‡U| `xN©¯’vqx †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y, †hgb− cywónxbZv ev
K…wgi Avµg‡Y, cï `ye©j n‡q c‡o|

cïi wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶v (Clinical Examination)

G cix¶vi mgq AwaKvsk cï weiw³ †eva K‡i Ges cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †Póv K‡i|
G Kvi‡Y Gme cix¶v myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cï‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| K¨v‡Uj k~U (Cattle Chute), wjc UzBP (Lip Twitch) cÖf…wZ
e¨envi K‡i cï‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| ZvQvov Miæi

wPÎ 1 t wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi Rb¨ K¨v‡Uj k~‡U cï wbqš¿Y

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 3

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

wPÎ 2 t wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi Rb¨ wjc UzBP Øviv cï wbqš¿Y

cv‡k `vuwo‡q gv_v I wks k³fv‡e a‡i cï‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| GQvov D‡ËwRZ
I PÂj cï‡K `wo w`‡q gvwU‡Z †d‡j (Casting) wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| GLv‡b
wewfbœ wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi msw¶ß weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q |

wPÎ 3 t wks I gv_v a‡i cï wbqš¿Y

wPÎ 4 t `wo †eu‡a gvwU‡Z †d‡j cï wbqš¿Y

K. gjvk‡qi ZvcgvÎv (Rectal Temperature) t gvby‡li b¨vq wewfbœ
my¯’ Mi€i ˆ`wnK ZvcgvÎv
38.30−38.90 †mjwmqvm ev cÖRvwZi M„ncvwjZ cïi †`‡nI wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv i‡q‡Q| gw¯Í‡®‹i nvB‡cv_¨vjvgv‡m
1010−1020 dv‡ibnvBU| (Hypothalamus) Aew¯’Z †K›`ªxq Zvc wbqš¿Y †K›`ª (Thermoregulatory
Centre) wewfbœ cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vi g‡a¨I wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv i¶v K‡i| GKwU my¯’
Miæi ˆ`wnK ZvcgvÎv 38.30−38.90 †mjwmqvm (1010−1020 dv‡ibnvBU)|
†`‡ni G DËv‡ci n«vm-e„w× cïi Amy¯’Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| mvaviYZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv,

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 4

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

fvBivm, gvB‡KvcøvRgv, K¬¨vgvBwWqv, QÎvK BZ¨vw` RxevY zGes †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv I

Ab¨vb¨ ciRxexi Øviv m„ó †iv‡M †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| ¶z`ªvKvi cïi kix‡ii
ZvcgvÎv e„n`vKvi cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| Mf©eZx I Kg eq¯‹ cïi ZvcgvÎv
Mf©nxb I AwaK eq¯‹ cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mKvj
†_‡K we‡K‡j †ewk _v‡K|

wPÎ 5 t gjvkq †_‡K Mvfxi †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv wbY©q

ürwc‡Ûi cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b i³ L. bvwo (Pulse) t ürwc‡Ûi cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b i³ agwbi gva¨‡g mviv kix‡i
agwbi gva¨‡g mviv kix‡i mÂvwjZ nq| cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b m„ó i³ cÖevn agwbi †`qv‡j av°v †`q hv cïi
mÂvwjZ nq|
kix‡ii wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b nvZ †i‡L Abygvb Kiv hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi bvwoi MwZi
nvi wewfbœ| †Kv‡bv cïi bvwoi MwZ m¤^‡Ü aviYv _vK‡j H cïi ürwc‡Ûi
Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq|

wPÎ 6 t †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 5

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

wPÎ 7 t †Pvqv‡ji agwb †_‡K †Nvovi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

M. k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi (Respiratory Rate) t †Kv‡bv GKwU cï cÖwZ wgwb‡U
hZevi k¦vm MÖnY A_ev Z¨vM K‡i ZvB n‡”Q †m cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi|

wPÎ 8 t Mevw`cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q

kvixwiK cix¶v (Physical Examination)

kvixwiK cix¶v wZbfv‡M wef³| wb‡¤œ G¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv−
K. cvj‡ckb (Palpation) t cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g kix‡ii Af¨šÍixY
cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g kix‡ii
Af¨šÍixY A½cÖZ¨‡½i AvK…wZ A½cÖZ¨‡½i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z cïi †`‡ni wewfbœ
I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| As‡k nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Pvc w`‡j H ¯’v‡bi `„pZv, †e`bvf‚wZ, ¯’vwbK
cwieZ©b cÖf…wZ Abygvb Kiv hvq| †hgb− ev`jv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ ¯’vb cvj‡cU
Ki‡j cyicyi kã nq Ges cï e¨_v Abyfe K‡i| ¶z`ª AvKv‡ii cï, †hgb−
QvMj, †fov, KzKzi, weovj BZ¨vw` cÖvYx‡Z hK„Z, cøxnv, cvK¯’jx, Rivqy, g Îvkq
cÖf…wZ A‡½i A¯^vfvweKZv wbY©q Kiv hvq|
L. cviKvkb (Percussion) t kix‡ii wewfbœ As‡k nvZ w`‡q g„`y AvNvZ Ki‡j
cÖavbZ eyK Ges †c‡U
cviKvkb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h kã m„wó nq Zv A‡bK‡¶‡Î †ivM wbY©‡q mnvqK nq| cÖavbZ eyK Ges †c‡U G
nq| c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| G cix¶vi gva¨‡g A‡bK‡¶‡Î †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii A¯^vfvweK
Ae¯’v †evSv hvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, cvK¯’jx ev AšÍ M¨vm Øviv ùxZ n‡j H c×wZ
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv hvq|
M. A¯‹vj‡Ukb (Auscultation) t G c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M kix‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i wewfbœ
A‡½i Kvh©µ‡gi †cÖw¶‡Z m„ó kã kªe‡Yi gva¨‡g †mme A‡½i A¯^vfvweKZv
wbiƒcY Kiv nq| G cix¶vi Øviv cÖavbZ ürwcÛ, dzmdzm, cvK¯’jx, AšÍ cÖf…wZ
A‡½i Kvh©µg cix¶v Kiv nq| †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci (Stethoscope) mvnv‡h¨ G

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 6

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

cix¶v Kiv nq| kvšÍ cï‡Z kix‡ii wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Kvb jvwM‡qI G cix¶v Kiv
hvq|

Abykxjb (Activity) t Avcbvi GjvKvi M„ncvwjZ cï‡Z †hme †ivM †`Lv hvq
e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib †m¸‡jvi j¶Y I Ab¨vb¨ ˆewkó¨mg~n wjLyb|

mvigg© t gvby‡li Rxe‡b M„ncvwjZ cïi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| cÖwZeQi AmsL¨

Mevw`cï Ges nvumgyiwM wPwKrmvi Afv‡e gviv hvq| G‡`i‡K i¶vi Rb¨ mwVK
†ivM wbiƒcY Ges †m Abymv‡i wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Acwinvh©| cïi †ivMmsµvšÍ
eZ©gvb I AZxZ BwZnvm, cïi AvPiY, Mjvi ¯^i, Lv`¨ MÖnY, PvjPjb I fw½,
Z¡‡Ki Ae¯’v m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vw` †ivM wbY©‡q mnvqZv K‡i| ZvQvov †`‡ni
ZvcgvÎv, k¦vmcÖkvm I bvwoi MwZi nvi, cvj‡ckb, cviKvkb I A¯‹vj‡Uk‡bi
gva¨‡g cÖv_wgKfv‡e cïi †ivM wbiƒcY Kiv nq|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 7

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
K. cïi kix‡i KLb R¡i †`Lv †`q?
i) RxevYy I ciRxexi msµgY n‡j
ii) LwYR Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡j
iii) K…wgi AvµgY n‡j
iv) cywónxbZv n‡j

L. cïi kix‡ii †Kvb& ¯’vb †_‡K ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv nq?

i) gyLMnŸi
ii) bvwmKviܫ
iii) gjØvi
iv) †hvwbØvi

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. kix‡i LwYR Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡j cï ALv`¨ e¯‘ Lvq|
L. RjvZ¼ †iv‡M cïi Mjvi ¯^i cwiewZ©Z nq|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. my¯’ cïi Z¡K _______ _v‡K
L. wjc UzBP e¨envi K‡i cï _______ Kiv hvq|

4| GK K_v ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. †Kvb& †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j cï D‡ËwRZ nq?
L. ev`jv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ ¯’vb cvj‡cU Ki‡j Kx nq?

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 8


wKQy †ivM evwn¨K cix¶v, wKQy
†ivM evwn¨K I Af¨šÍixY
Dfq cix¶vi gva¨‡g
P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq|
iÄbiwk¥ ev G·-†i (X-ray)
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii
A½cÖZ¨‡½i Qwe MÖnY‡K
†iwWIMÖvwd e‡j|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq
cvV 1.2 cïi Af¨šÍixY cix¶v
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

†iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ Af¨šÍixY cix¶v K‡i †hme †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq
†m¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

gjvkq cix¶v ev †iKUvj G·vwg‡bk‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Af¨šÍixY
A½cÖZ‡½i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa wbY©q †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyLMnŸi, †PvL I Kvb cix¶vmsµvšÍ bvbv Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z
cvi‡eb|
cïi †ivM wbY©‡qi j‡¶¨ c e©eZ©x cv‡V evwn¨K cix¶vmg~n m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme welq cÖavbZ mvaviY cix¶vi (General
Examination) AvIZvaxb| A‡bK †ivM i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv evwn¨K cix¶vi
g~j¨vq‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| Avevi A‡bK †ivM evwn¨K
Ges Af¨šÍixY Dfq cix¶vi gva¨‡g P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| ZvQvov
cix¶vMv‡i bgybv cix¶vi gva¨‡gI A‡bK †ivM P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| G
wel‡q cieZ©x cv‡V we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Af¨š ixY cix¶v‡K A‡bK
mgq we‡kl cix¶v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gme cix¶vi gva¨‡g
kix‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i A`„k¨ wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|
GLv‡b †ivM wbY©‡q wKQy Af¨šÍixY ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cix¶v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K. †iwWIMÖvwd (Radiography) t iÄbiwk¥ ev G·-†i (X-ray) cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g †`nvf¨š ‡ii A½cÖZ¨‡½i Qwe MÖnY‡K †iwWIMÖvwd e‡j| Wwe­D. wm. iÄb
(W. C. Rontgen) bvgK GKRb weÁvbx 1895 mv‡j G iwk¥ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib
Ges ZvuiB bvgvbymv‡i Gi bvg †`qv nq iÄb iwk¥| G Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j †ivM
wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î hyMvšÍ Kvix cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| †iwWIMÖvwdi gva¨‡g M„nxZ Qwe
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wewfbœ †ivMve¯’v m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv cvIqv hvq| G cix¶vi
gva¨‡g nvofv½v, mwÜPy¨wZ, cvK¯’jx‡Z avZe c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZ, g~Îcv_i,
wcËcv_i, jvjv MÖwš’i cv_i, †cŠwóKbvwji ¶Z, wUDgvi cÖf…wZ †ivM P ovš fv‡e
wbY©q Kiv hvq| ZvQvov ürwcÛ, dzmdzm, hK…Z, wc­nv, e„°, †K›`ªxq øvqyZšÍ cÖf…wZ
A‡½i A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v wbix¶v Kiv hvq|
m¤úÖwZ wPwKrmv A½‡b Avëªvm‡bvMÖvwd (Ultrasonography) cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j
†ivM wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î GK wecøe mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G c×wZ‡Z Zvr¶wYKfv‡e
†Uwjwfk‡bi c`©vq †ivMxi Af¨šÍixY A½cÖZ¨‡½i Ae¯’v cÖwZdwjZ nq|
¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 9
 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

evsjv‡`‡k gvby‡li wPwKrmvq G cÖhyw³ e¨vcKfv‡e Av`„Z n‡jI cï‡Z Gi e¨envi

GLbI ïiæ nq wb|

L. gjvkq cix¶v (Rectal Examination) t †f‡Uwibvwi (Veterinary) ev

cï wPwKrmv †ckvq †iKUvg ev gjvkq cix¶vi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| gvVch©v‡q G
cix¶v e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ|

wPÎ 9 t †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g Mevw`cïi †ivM wbY©q

†f‡Uwibvwi ev cïwPwKrmv e„n`vKvi cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, †Nvov cÖf…wZ cïi †cŠwóK, g~Î I RbbZ‡šÍi
†ckvq gjvkq cix¶vi ¸iæZ¡
Acwimxg| gvV ch©v‡q G †ivMe¨vwa wbiƒc‡b †iKUvj cix¶v AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| G cix¶vq gjvk‡q nvZ
cix¶v e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ| XzwK‡q †c‡Ui Af¨šÍ‡ii wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v mivmwi cix¶v Kiv
nq|

cix¶v c×wZ−
♦ cÖ_‡g cï‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G cix¶vi Rb¨ h_vm¤¢e
K¨vUj k~U e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
♦ cøvw÷‡Ki j¤^v wú‡fi Møvfm †h †Kv‡bv GKwU nv‡Z co‡Z n‡e| cïi †`n
†_‡K m¤¢ve¨ RxevYy msµgY †iva Kivi Rb¨ Møvfm (Gloves) e¨envi
Kiv nq| ZvQvov Møvfm e¨envi Ki‡j nv‡Z †Kv‡bv gj ev cvqLvbv jv‡M
bv| Z‡e Møvfmwenxb nvZ ØvivI G cix¶v Kiv hvq|
♦ †iKUvj cix¶vi mgq cwiwnZ †cvkvK †hb †bvsiv bv nq †mRb¨ G‡cÖvb
Ges cïi ¶y‡ii Pvcv †_‡K cix¶vKvixi cv i¶vi Rb¨ nvUz ch©šÍ DuPz
ivevi eyU ci‡Z n‡e|
♦ cwiwnZ M­vfm fv‡jvfv‡e f¨vmwjb, Zij mvevb A_ev LwYR †Zj w`‡q
wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Møvfmmn nvZ mn‡RB gjbvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
♦ gjbvwj‡Z nvZ cÖ‡e‡ki mgq cï mvaviYZ cvqLvbv I cÖmªve K‡i| Z‡e
†¯^”Qvq †Kv‡bv cï cvqLvbv bv Ki‡j gjbvwj †_‡K nvZ w`‡q cvqLvbv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 10

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

†d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨, gjbvwj cvqLvbv w`‡q c~Y© _vK‡j mwVKfv‡e
†iKUvj cix¶v Kiv hvq bv|
♦ gjvk‡q nvZ cÖ‡e‡ki ci GKvMÖZv I mveavbZvi mv‡_ Av½yj w`‡q wewfbœ
A‡½i A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|

†iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Z‡šÍi †hme cÖavb cÖavb †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv
GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb−

†cŠwóKZš (Digestivc System)

G Z‡šÍi AvIZvq gjbvwji wkw_jZv (Rectal Paralysis), AvwšÍK cÖ`vn
(Enteritis), A‡šÍi ùxwZ (Intestinal Distension), A‡šÍi c¨vP LvIqv
(Volvulus), A‡šÍi GK Ask Ab¨ As‡ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv
(Intrasusception), wUDgvi, wmKvg k³ n‡q hvIqv (Caecal Impaction),
cvK¯’jxi ¯’vbPy¨wZ (Abomasal Displacement), iæ‡gb k³ nIqv
(Ruminal Impaction), iæ‡g‡bi wbðjZv (Ruminal Atony) cÖf…wZ †ivM
†iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wbiƒcb Kiv hvq|

RbbZš¿ (Reproductive System)

RbbZ‡š¿i wb¤œwjwLZ A‡½i †ivM cix¶v Kiv nq| h_v−
wW¤^vkq (Ovary)− ¯úx cï‡Z `y‡Uv wW¤^vkq _v‡K| †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g
wW¤^vk‡qi wm÷, wUDgvi, AvK…wZ, cÖK…wZ Ges Kvh©KvwiZv cix¶v Kiv nq|
Rivqy (Uterus)− RivqycÖ`vn (Metritis), Rivqy cvKv (Pyometra), wUDgvi
cÖf…wZ †ivM cix¶v Kiv hvq| f¨vRvBbvj †¯žKzjvg e¨envi K‡i Gme †ivM
cix¶v Kiv nq|

wPÎ 10 t f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjv‡gi gva¨‡g †hvwb I RivqyMÖxevi †ivM wbY©q

RivqyMÖxev (Cervix)− RivqyMÖxevi cÖ`vn (Cervicitis), RivqyMÖxev k³ n‡q
hvIqv (Cervical Fibrosis), wUDgvi cÖf…wZ †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq|
åƒYm¤úwK©Z cix¶v (Fetal Examination)− Mvfx Mf©eZx (Pregnant)
wK−bv, Mf©cvZ (Abortion) n‡q‡Q wK−bv, Rivqy‡Z 僇Yi Ae¯’vb (Fetal

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 11

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

Presentation and Position) mwVK Av‡Q wK−bv, åƒY RxweZ wK g„Z, 僇Yi
wewfbœ †ivMve¯’v, †hgb− nvB‡Wªv‡mdvjvm (Hydrocephalus), GgdvBwmgv
(Emphysema) cÖf…wZ Ae¯’v †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wbiƒcb Kiv hvq|
†hvwb (Vagina)− f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg (Vaginal Speculum) e¨envi K‡i
†hvwb Ges Rivqyi gyL (Uterine Os) cix¶v Kiv nq|

cix¶v c×wZ (Examination Procedure)−

♦ cix¶K‡K cÖ_‡g G‡cÖvb I DuPz eyU co‡Z n‡e|
♦ Mvfx‡K K¨vUj k~‡U h_vh_fv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
♦ f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg hš¿ wUi `y‡Uv †Pvqv‡ji ewnivsk f¨vmwjb ev Ab¨
†Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_© Øviv wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
♦ hš¿ wUi †Pvqvj `y‡Uv GKÎ K‡i mZK©Zvi mv‡_ †hvwb‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z
n‡e| AZtci †Pvqvj `y‡Uv ax‡i ax‡i cÖmvwiZ Ki‡j †hvwbi †`qvj I
RivqyMÖxev mn‡RB `„k¨gvb n‡e| Av‡jvi Ach©vßZv n‡j UP© e¨envi Kiv
hvq| G cix¶vi gva¨‡g †hvwb †`qv‡ji ¶Z, i³cvZ, ¸wU (Nodule),
cÖ`vn (Vaginitis), wUDgvi, †hvwbi msKxY©Zv cÖf…wZ cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq|
ZvQvov RivqyMÖxevi gyL Db¥y³ wK eÜ ZvI †`Lv hvq| RivqyMÖxevi gy‡L
i³, cuyR ev AwZwi³ †k­®§vi Dcw¯’wZ cix¶v Kiv hvq| Avevi †Kv‡bv
cïi †hvwb I gjbvwji mshyw³ (Rectovaginl Fistula) NU‡j †hvwb‡Z
cvqLvbv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g e„‡°i g ÎZš (Urinary System)

AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ ch©‡e¶Y
Kiv hvq| †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g e„‡°i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq| e„°cÖ`vn
(Nephritis), nvB‡Wªv‡b‡d«vwmm (Hydronephrosis), cvB‡jv‡bd«vBwUm
(Pyelonephritis), wUDgvi cÖf…wZ †iv‡M e„‡°i AvKvi eo nq| GQvov G
cix¶vi gva¨‡g g~Î_wji wUDgvi wbY©q Kiv hvq|

gyLMnŸi cix¶v (Examination of Buccal Cavity)

†ivM wbY©‡q gyLMnŸi cix¶v AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gyLMnŸ‡i †Kv‡bv KvuUv wea‡j,
¶Z n‡j ev †Kv‡bv cÖ`vn n‡j Lv`¨ MÖnY eÜ n‡q hvq| ¶zavg›`v Ges jvjv cov
G `y‡Uv j¶Y †`Lv †M‡j cïi gyLMnŸi cix¶v Kiv Avek¨K| Z‡e RjvZ¼ †ivM
m‡›`n n‡j gyLMnŸi cix¶v eR©b Kiv DwPZ|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 12

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

K L
wPÎ 11 t cïi gyLMnŸi cix¶v
P¶z cix¶v
Mevw`cïi `„wókw³msµvšÍ
mgm¨v A‡c¶vK„Z Kg| (Examination of Eye)
Mevw`cïi `„wókw³msµvšÍ mgm¨v
A‡c¶vK„Z Kg| Ad‡_j‡gv‡¯‹vc
(Opthalmoscope) h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ †Pv‡Li Af¨š¿ixY As‡ki
A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
nq| evsjv‡`‡k Mevw`cïi †¶‡Î
G h‡š¿i cÖ‡qvM GLbI ïiæ nq
wb|

wPÎ 12 t Ac_¨vj‡gv‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ cïi †PvL cix¶v

Kvb cix¶v (Examination of Ear)

Mevw`cï‡Z †Pv‡Li b¨vq Kv‡bi mgm¨vI Kg| Z‡e, KzKz‡i Kvb cvKv
(Otorrhoea) †ivM cÖvqB †`Lv hvq| Bqvi †¯úKzjvg (Ear Speculum) h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ Kv‡bi Af¨šÍixY As‡ki cÖ`vn, i³cvZ (Haemorrhage), d‡ib ewWi
(Foreign Body) Dcw¯’wZ cÖf…wZ welq ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq|

wPÎ 13 t A‡Uv‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ cïi Kvb cix¶v

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 13

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

Abykxjb (Activity) t gjvkq cix¶vi gva¨‡g Kx Kx Z‡š¿i †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq?
G¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|

mvigg© t Af¨šÍixY cix¶vi gva¨‡g †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii A`„k¨ wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i

†ivMe¨vwa I A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| Gme cix¶vi g‡a¨
†iwWIMÖvwd I †iKUvj cix¶v me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ kix‡ii
Af¨šÍ‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki Qwe MÖnY I Zv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa wbY©q
Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, †iKUvj cix¶vi Øviv †cŠwóK, Rbb I g~ÎZ‡š¿i wewfbœ
†ivMe¨vwa cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g mivmwi cix¶v Kiv nq| GQvov f¨vRvBbvj
†¯úKzjvg, Ad‡_j‡gv‡¯‹vc Ges Bqvi †¯úKzjvg e¨envi K‡i h_vµ‡g †hvwb,
†PvL I Kv‡bi †ivMve¯’v cÖZ¨¶ Kiv nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.2


1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
K. †Kvb& iwk¥ e¨envi K‡i †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i Qwe MÖnY Kiv nq?
i) Mvgv iwk¥
ii) Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥
iii) iÄb iwk¥
iv) †jmvi iwk¥

L. †Kvb&wU e„‡°i †ivM?

i) nvB‡Wªv‡mdvjvm
ii) mvwf©mvBwUm
iii) †gUªvBwUm
iv) nvB‡Wªv‡b‡d«vwmm

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. †iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ cvK¯’jx‡Z avZe c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZ wbY©q
Kiv hvq|
L. RjvZ¼ †iv‡M gyLMnŸi cix¶v Kiv DwPZ bq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 14

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. †hvwb cix¶vi Rb¨ f¨vRvBbvj ________ hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq|
L. A‡šÍi c¨vuP LvIqv‡K ________e‡j|

4| GK K_v ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. †Kvb& weÁvbx iÄb iwk¥ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib?
L. †Kvb& †iv‡M Rivqy‡Z cyuR nq?

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 15

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cvV 1.3 cix¶vMv‡i wewfbœ bgybv cix¶v

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

M„ncvwjZ cïi cvqLvbv msMÖn Kiv I G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cix¶v m¤ú‡K©
wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

cïi cÖmªve msMÖn I G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cix¶v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cïi kixi †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kivi †KŠkj Ges i‡³i wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
cix¶v c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvqLvbv cix¶v (Examination of Stool/Faeces)

cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Faecal Sample)

cïi gjbvwj‡Z mivmwi Av½yj
XzwK‡q cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn
Kiv hvq|
cïi gjbvwj‡Z mivmwi Av½yj XzwK‡q cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn Kiv hvq| cïi wVK
wcQ‡b `vuwo‡q Wvb nvZ w`‡q †jR DuPz K‡i ai‡Z n‡e Ges evg nvZ A_ev nv‡Zi
Av½yj gjbvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q cvqLvbv msMÖn Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKRb
mnKvix Øviv A_ev K¨vUj k~U (Cattle Chute) e¨envi K‡i cï wbqš¿Y Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi m`¨ Z¨vM Kiv cvqLvbvi Dci †_‡K bgybv msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| msM„nxZ bgybv AbwZwej‡¤^ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
gqjvhy³ cvqLvbv cix¶v Kiv AbywPZ| KviY, Giƒc bgybv †_‡K mwVK Z_¨
cvIqv hvq bv| msM„nxZ bgybv ¶z`ª Kvu‡Pi cvÎ, cwjw_b KvMR A_ev KPzi cvZvq
fv‡jvfv‡e Rwo‡q cix¶v¯’‡j wb‡Z n‡e| Le‡ii KvMR, wUmy¨ †ccvi A_ev cvwb
†kvlY K‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv wRwbm G Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|

¯’~j cix¶v (Gross Examination)

G cix¶v Øviv cvqLvbvi cwigvY, eY©, MÜ I MVb wbix¶v Kiv nq| †hgb−

cwigvY (Quantity) t †Kv‡bv cïi Z¨vMK…Z cvqLvbvi cwigvY ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q

†ewk bv Kg Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|

wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi g‡ji eY© (Colour) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cvqLvbvi eY© wewfbœ, †hgb− Miægwn‡li
eY© wewfbœ| †hgb− cvqLvbvi ¯^vfvweK iO Mvp meyR| cvqLvbvi G ¯^vfvweK eY© wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y
Miægwn‡li g‡ji ¯^vfvweK
iO Mvp meyR|
cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb− gjbvwj‡Z ¶Z _vK‡j cvqLvbvi mv‡_ ZvRv i³
wgwkªZ _v‡K| ¶z`ªv‡šÍ ¶‡Zi Kvi‡Y i³cvZ n‡j cvqLvbvi eY© Kv‡jv nq|

MÜ (Odour) t wewfbœ cïi cvqLvbvi MÜ wewfbœ| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y

cvqLvbvi ¯^vfvweK M‡Üi cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i| evQy‡i Kvd ¯‹vIqvi (Calf
Scours) n‡j cvqLvbv AZ¨šÍ `yM©Ühy³ nq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 16

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

MVb (Consistency) t cïi cvqLvbvi MVb mvaviYZ Aa©k³| wewfbœ †ivM,

†hgb− K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, Agvkq BZ¨vw` n‡j cvqLvbv cvZjv nq| cvZjv
cvqLvbv A‡šÍi AwZmPjZv (Hypermotility) Ges †KvôKvwVb¨, A‡šÍi
wbðjZv (Non-motility) wb‡`©k K‡i|

AYyex¶wYK cix¶v (Microscopic Examination)

AYyex¶Y h‡š¿ wW‡gi
G cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cvqLvbvi mv‡_ wbM©Z K…wgi wW‡gi Dcw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
ˆewkó¨ †`‡L AvµgYKvix nq| wewfbœ cÖKvi K…wgi wW‡gi ˆewkó¨ wewfbœ| AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ K…wgi
K…wg kYv³ Kiv hvq| wW‡gi ˆewkó¨ ch©‡e¶Y K‡i AvµgYKvix K…wg kYv³ Kiv hvq| K…wgi cÖRvwZ
kYv³ Kiv †M‡j wbw`©ó Kvh©Kix K…wgbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
cix¶v c×wZ (Examination Method)
gj cix¶vi cÖavb cÖavb c×wZ¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| h_v−
K. cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ (Direct Method)
L. NbZ¡ c×wZ (Concentration Method)
M. w_Zv‡bv c×wZ (Sedimentation Method)
N. g¨vKgv÷vi c×wZ (McMaster Method)
gvV ch©v‡q gj cix¶vi cÖZ¨¶ Gme c×wZi g‡a¨ gvV ch©v‡q cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ me©vwaK cÖPwjZ weavq ïay G
c×wZ me©vwaK cÖPwjZ|
c×wZwUB ms‡¶‡c GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ‡Z gj cix¶v

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. g‡ji bgybv|
2. Kvu‡Pi úvBW|
3. Kfvi wúc|
4. mvgvb¨ cvwb|
5. GKwU miæ KvwV (12.5-15.0 †m.wg. j¤^v)|
6. AYyex¶Y hš¿ |

Kv‡Ri aviv
♦ GKwU ¯^”Q Kvu‡Pi úvB‡Wi gvSLv‡b K‡qK MÖvg gj ivLyb|
♦ g‡ji Dci K‡qK †dvUv cvwb w`b I KvwV Øviv fv‡jvfv‡e wgkvb|
♦ cvwbwgwkªZ g‡j †Kv‡bv fvmgvb Avuk _vK‡j KvwVi mvnv‡h¨ mveav‡b
mwi‡q †djyb|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 17

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

♦ úvB‡Wi Dc‡ii Zij gj GKwU Kfvi wúc w`‡q †X‡K w`b| G‡Z gj
úvB‡Wi Dci mgvbfv‡e we¯Í…Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Kfvi wúc I
úvB‡Wi gv‡S †Kv‡bv ey`ey` bv _v‡K|

wPÎ 14 t Møvm ¯øvB‡W KvwVi mvnv‡h¨ g‡ji †¯§qvi ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q

♦ G ch©v‡q úvBWwU AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ cix¶v Kiæb|

wPÎ 15 t AYyex¶Y h‡š i mvnv‡h¨ g‡ji †¯§qvi cix¶v Kiv n‡”Q

cÖmªve cix¶v (Examination of Urine)

†ivM wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î cÖmªve
cix¶v ¸i€Z¡c Y©| evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 18

cï cÖmªveiZ Ae¯’vq
cwi®‹vi I ¯^”Q †evZ‡j g~Î
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡
Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|
BD‡iv‡µv‡gi Dcw¯’wZ
cÖmªv‡ei eY© wba©viY K‡i|
cÖmªv‡ei ¯^vfvweK iO nvjKv
ev Mvp njy`|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq
†ivM wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î cÖmªve cix¶v ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †`nvf¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z e„‡° (Kidney)
cÖmªve ˆZwi nq Ges BD‡iUv‡ii (Ureter) gva¨‡g Zv g~Îvk‡q Rgv nq| g~Î_wj
m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡j cÖmªv‡ei †eM Abyf‚Z nq Ges g~Îbvwj (Urethra) w`‡q Zv
†ewi‡q Av‡m|
g~‡Îi bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Urine Sample)
cï cÖmªveiZ Ae¯’vq cwi®‹vi I ¯^”Q †evZ‡j g~Î msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| †evZ‡j †hb
†Kv‡bv Ilya ev ivmvqwbK c`v_© bv _v‡K †mw`‡K we‡kl j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cïi
cyiælv½ Ges ¯Íx Rbb A½ g„`y g`©b Ki‡j mvaviYZ g~Î wbM©Z nq| ZvQvov ivevi
K¨v‡_Uv‡ii (Catheter) mvnv‡h¨ g~Îvkq †_‡K mivmwi bgybv msMÖn Kiv hvq|
GQvov wmwiÄ I my‡Pi (Syringe and Needle) mvnv‡h¨ ùxZ g~Îvkq †_‡K
cÖmªve msMÖn Kiv hvq| Gme c×wZ‡Z msM„nxZ cÖmªv‡ei ¸Yv¸Y cwieZ©b nIqvi
m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg _v‡K| GKBmv‡_ GKvwaK cïi cÖmªve msMÖn Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j
†evZ‡ji Mv‡q mwVK wPý w`‡Z n‡e|
cwigvY (Quantity) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi, GgbKx GKB cÖRvwZi wewfbœ eqm I
AvKv‡ii cï‡Z, g~‡Îi cwigv‡Yi ZviZg¨ N‡U| mvaviYZ my¯’ cï‡Z cvwb MÖn‡Yi
Ici g~‡Îi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i| Avevi wewfbœ †ivM, †hgb− Wvq‡ewUm n‡j
cÖmªv‡ei cwigvY †e‡o hvq|
Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ (Specific Gravity) t cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ Gi Nb‡Z¡i
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| mvaviYZ cÖmªv‡ei cwigvY Kg n‡j NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq Ges cwigvY
†e‡o †M‡j NbZ¡ K‡g hvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc, µwbK wWwdDR †bd«vBwUm (Chronic
Diffuse Nephritis) n‡j Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ K‡g hvq Ges Wvqv‡ewUm n‡j †e‡o
hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ 1.010−1.060 Gi g‡a¨
mxgve× _v‡K|
eY© (Colour) t BD‡iv‡µvg (Urochrome) bvgK GK cÖKvi njy` c`v‡_©i
Dcw¯’wZ cÖmªv‡ei eY© wba©viY K‡i| cÖmªv‡ei ¯^vfvweK iO nvjKv A_ev Mvp njy`|
wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y G ¯^vfvweK e‡Y©i ZviZg¨ N‡U| †hgb− RwÛm
(Jaundice) n‡j cÖmªv‡ei eY© njy` nq| Avevi cvB‡ivcøvR‡gvwmm
(Piroplasmosis) n‡j cÖmªve Kwd e‡Y©i nq| AwZwi³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j NbZ¡
K‡g hvq Ges cÖmve A‡bKUv eY©nxb n‡q c‡o| Avevi `xN©¶Y cvwb cvb Kiv
†_‡K weiZ _vK‡j cÖmªv‡ei NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq Ges AwZwi³ njy` nq|
¯^”QZv (Transperancy) t ¯^vfvweK cÖmªve mvaviYZ ¯^”Q nq| Z‡e, wewfbœ
†iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y G ¯^”QZv e¨nZ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖmªv‡e †kø®§v (Mucus), ùwUK `ªe¨
¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 19

Z…Y‡fvRx cÖvYxi cÖmªve ¶vihy³
A_ev g„`y AvwèK| c¶všÍ‡i,
gvsmvwk cÖvYxi cÖmªve AvwèK|
cÖmªv‡ei gva¨‡g kix‡ii wewfbœ
DcKvix I AcKvix c`v_©
†ewi‡q hvq|
cïi kix‡ii AwaKZi
fvmgvb wkiv †_‡K wmwiÄ I
wbWj Øviv i‡³i bgybv msMÖn
Kiv nq|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi
(Crystal), cyuR, i³KwYKv, RxevYy BZ¨vw` Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j cÖmªve A¯^”Q n‡q
c‡o| †Nvovi m`¨ Z¨vMK…Z cÖmªve †Nvjv‡U|
ivmvqwbK cix¶v (Chemical Examination)
wewµqv (PH) t wewµqv ev PH ej‡Z †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i AZœZv (Acidity) ev
¶viZv (Alkalinity) eySvq| Z…Y‡fvRx cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov
cÖf…wZ cÖvYxi cÖmªve ¶vihy³ A_ev g„`y AvZwèK| c¶všÍ‡i, gvsmvwk cÖvYx, †hgb−
KzKzi, weovj cÖf…wZi cÖmªve AvwèK| wewfbœ †iv‡M wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cÖmªv‡ei
AZœZv I ¶viZvi gvÎvi ZviZg¨ N‡U| gvV ch©v‡q wjUgvm †ccvi (Litmus
Paper) e¨envi K‡i AwZ mn‡RB G cix¶v Kiv hvq| jvj wjUgvm cÖmªv‡ei
ms¯ú‡k© G‡m hw` bxj nq Ges bxj wjUgvm jvj nq Zvn‡j cÖmªv‡ei wewµqv
h_vµ‡g ¶vihy³ I AvwèK eySvq| i‡Oi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv n‡j Zv wbw®Œq wb‡`©k
K‡i| `xN©¶Y Lv`¨ MÖnY bv Ki‡j cÖmªv‡ei AèZv e„w× cvq|
ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZi cix¶v t cÖmªv‡ei gva¨‡g kix‡ii wewfbœ DcKvix I
AcKvix c`v_© †ewi‡q hvq| DcKvix c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ †cÖvwUb, Møy‡KvR, K¨vjwmqvg,
dmdivm BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avevi ¶wZKviK c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q BDwiqv,
BDwiK A¨vwmW, wµ‡qwUwbb, wewjiæweb BZ¨vw`| cÖmªv‡e Gme c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZi
gvÎv wbiƒcb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ GZ`msµvšÍ c×wZmg n A‡c¶vK…Z RwUj Ges G
¯Í‡i Av‡jvPbv Z‡ZvUv cÖ‡qvRbxq bq weavq Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv bv|
i³ cix¶v (Examination of Blood)
cÖmªve Ges cvqLvbv cix¶vi gva¨‡g †hgb wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Dcw¯’wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq
†Zgwb i³ cix¶vi ga¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨vw` †ivM wbiƒc‡b ¸iæZ¡cY~ © f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i|
i‡³i bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Blood Sample)
cïi kix‡ii AwaKZi fvmgvb wkiv †_‡K wmwiÄ I wbWj Øviv i‡³i bgybv msMÖn
Kiv nq| Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov, †Nvov cÖf…wZ cï‡Z Nv‡oi Dfq cv‡k Aew¯’Z
Ry¸jvi wkiv (Jugular Vein) †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv nq| msM„nxZ i‡³i bgybv
RgvU †ivaKvix c`v_©hy³ I RxevYygy³ wkwk‡Z (Vial) ivLv nq| msMÖ‡ni 24
N›Uvi g‡a¨ cix¶v Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j i‡³i bgybv
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 20

†gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi
me©wbæ gvb Miæ‡Z Ges m‡e©v”P
gvb QvM‡j cvIqv hvq| wewfbœ
†iv‡M kix‡i G i³ †Kv‡li
msL¨vi n«vm-e„w× N‡U|
†gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi n«vm-
e„w× wewfbœ cÖKvi †ivM wb‡`©k
K‡i|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq
wPÎ 16 t cï †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv n‡”Q
†iwd«Rv‡iU‡i (Refrigerator) ivL‡Z n‡e| †ncvwib, †mvwWqvg I cUvwkqvg
A·v‡jU, †mvwWqvg
mvB‡UªU, B.wW.wU.G. (EDTA) cÖf…wZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© i³ RgvUeuvav †iva Kivi
Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| GLv‡b i‡³i wewfbœ iæwUb cix¶vmg ‡ni bvg Ges wewfbœ
†iv‡Mi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv (Total Erythrocytes Count)
wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †jvwnZKwYKvi msL¨v cÖwZ Nb wgwjwgUvi i‡³
5.95−13.90 wgwjqb| †gvU †jvwnZ KwYKv MYbvi me©wb¤œ gvb (5.95 wgwjqb)
Miæ‡Z Ges m‡e©v”P gvb (13.90 wgwjqb) QvM‡j cvIqv hvq (mviwY 1 †`Lyb)|
wewfbœ †iv‡M kix‡i G i³ †Kv‡li msL¨vi n«vme„w× N‡U| †jvwnZKwYKvi msL¨v
¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q K‡g †M‡j i³k b¨Zv (Anaemia) †`Lv †`q| kix‡i
†jŠnRvZxq Dcv`v‡bi Afve, `xN©¯’vqx i³cvZ, †`nvf¨šÍ‡i i³KwYKv aŸsm,
nv‡oi kvm (Bone Marrow), hK…Z (Spleen) aŸsmcÖvß n‡j †gvU
†jvwnZKwYKv MYbv K‡g hvq| GQvov i³ †kvlYKvix ciRxex, †hgb− eowk
wµwg (Hookworm); i³KwYKv aŸsmKvix ciRxex, †hgb− cvB‡ivcøvRgvi
(Piroplasma) AvµgY n‡j †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv K‡g hvq|
†gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv (Total Leukocytes Count)
wewfbœ cïi †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv cÖwZ Nb wgwjwgUv‡i 4.10−9.14 nvRvi
(mviwY 2 †`Lyb)| G i³ †Kv‡li MYbvi n«vm-e„w× wewfbœ cÖKvi †ivM wb‡`©k K‡i|
mvaviYZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv m„ó †iv‡M †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi gvb e„w× cvq|
GQvov i‡³i K¨vbmvi n‡j †k¦ZKwYKvi msL¨v e„w× cvq| c¶všÍ‡i, fvBivm Øviv
m„ó †iv‡M G MYbvi gvb n«vm cvq|
¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 21

†k¦ZKwYKvi g‡a¨ wbD‡Uªvwdj,
wj‡çvmvBU, BDwm‡bvwdj,
†e‡mvwdj I g‡bvmvBU bvgK
†Kvl i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi
Kvi‡Y Gme i³KwYKvi MYbvi
AvbygvwbK gv‡bi n«vm-e„w×
N‡U|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi
wPÎ 17 t AYyex¶Y h‡šÍi mvnv‡h¨ †jvwnZ I †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv
†k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbv (Differential Count of Leukocytes)
†k¦ZKwYKvi g‡a¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kvl i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi bvg wbD‡Uªvwdj
(Neutrophil), wj‡çvmvBU (Lymphocyte), BDwm‡bvwdj (Eosinophil),
†e‡mvwdj (Basophil), I g‡bvmvBU (Monocyte)| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y
Gme i³KwYKvi MYbvi AvbygvwbK gv‡bi n«vm-e„w× cvq| cyuRm„wóKvix
(Pyogenic) e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv msµwgZ †iv‡M mvaviYZ i‡³ wbD‡Uªvwd‡ji msL¨v
e„w× cvq| Avevi fvBivmRwbZ †iv‡M i‡³ G †Kv‡li msL¨v n«vm cvq| fvBivm
msµwgZ †iv‡M i‡³ wj‡çvmvB‡Ui msL¨vI n«vm cvq| kix‡i A¨vjvwR© †`Lv w`‡j
A_ev ciRxexi AvµgY n‡j i‡³ BDwm‡bvwd‡ji msL¨v †e‡o hvq| h¶v Ges
eª€‡m‡jvwmm †iv‡M i‡³ g‡bvmvB‡Ui msL¨v †e‡o hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi
†k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbvi ¯^vfvweK gvb mviwY 3 G †`qv n‡q‡Q|
mviwY 1 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi ¯^vfvweK gvb
cïi cÖRvwZ †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi gvb
(wgwjqb/wKDweK wgwjwgUvi)
†Nvov 6.90
Miæ 5.95
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 22
 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

gwnl 6.80
QvMj 13.90
†fov 8.60
ïKi 7.40
KzKzi 6.20
weovj 7.20

mviwY 2 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi ¯^vfvweK gvb

cïi cÖRvwZ †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi gvb

(nvRvi/wKDweK wgwjwgUvi)
†Nvov 5.11
Miæ 7.03
gwnl 6.70
QvMj 5.14
†fov 4.10
ïKi 7.30
KzKzi 8.18
weovj 9.14

mviwY 3 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wewfbœ cÖKvi †k¦ZKwYKvi ¯^vfvweK cÖ‡f`g jK

MYbv

cïi wbD‡Uªvwd BDwm‡bvwd †e‡mvwdj wj‡çvmvB g‡bvmvBU

cÖRvwZ j (%) j (%) (%) U (%) (%)
†Nvov 62.00 4.00 2.00 20.00 8.00
Miæ 29.10 9.87 0−0.10 51.40 8.32
gwnl 28.70 2.90 0 60.60 7.80
QvMj 40.00 2.50 1.60 48.00 2.00
†fov 41.00 5.70 0.03 50.00 3.00
ïKi 39.00 4.50 1.20 52.00 3.30
KzKzi 62.80 2.0−1.4 0.2−0.0 10.0−28 3.0−9.0
0 .0

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 23

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cïi wbD‡Uªvwd BDwm‡bvwd †e‡mvwdj wj‡çvmvB g‡bvmvBU

cÖRvwZ j (%) j (%) (%) U (%) (%)
weovj 44.82 2.0−11.0 0−0.05 15.0−44 0.05−0.
.0 7

Drm (mviwY 1, 2 I 3) t Chakrabarti, A. 1994. Textbook of Clinical

Veterinary Medicine (2nd Ed.)|

Abykxjb (Activity) t cvqLvbv, cÖmªve I i³ cix¶vi g‡a¨ Avcbvi `„wó‡Z Kx

Kx cv_©K¨ Av‡Q|

mvigg© t Mevw`cïi wewfbœ †ivM PzovšÍ fv‡e wbY©‡qi Rb¨ M‡elYvMv‡i wewfbœ
bgybv cix¶v Kiv nq| Gme bgybvi g‡a¨ gj, cÖmªve I i³ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| g‡ji
wewfbœ cix¶vi g‡a¨ eY©, MÜ, MVb I K…wgi Dcw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|
cÖmªv‡ei †¶‡Î Gi cwigvY, Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ eY©, ¯^”QZv, AèZv, ¶viZv cÖf…wZ
cix¶v Kiv nq| i‡³i wewfbœ cix¶vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv,
†gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv, †k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbv BZ¨vw`| Gme cix¶vi
gva¨‡g msM„nxZ Z_¨vejx we‡kølY K‡i PzovšÍ fv‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 24

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.3

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
K. †Kvb&wU gvsmvwk cÖvYx?
i) KzKzi
ii) nvwZ
iii) Miæ
iv) wRivd

L. cv‡qv‡RwbK e¨vK‡Uwiqv msµwgZ †iv‡M i‡³i †Kvb& †Kv‡li

msL¨v e„w× cvq?
i) wbD‡Uªvwdj
ii) wj‡çvmvBU
iii) BDwm‡bvwdj
iv) †e‡mvwdj

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. AwZwi³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j cÖmªv‡ei NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq|
L. Miæi Ry¸jvi agwb †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv nq|

3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. gqjvhy³ ________ cix¶v Kiv DwPZ bq|
L. ________ †iv‡M cÖmªv‡ei iO njy` nq|

4| GK K_v ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. ¯’~j cix¶vq g‡ji Kx Kx ˆewkó¨ cix¶v Kiv nq?
L. cÖmªve kix‡ii †Kv_vq ˆZwi nq?

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 25


my¯’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Y Rvb‡Z
n‡j Amy¯’ cïi j¶Ymg~n
Rvbv Acwinvh©|
†Kv‡bv my¯’ cïi gyL †_‡K
mvaviYZ jvjv c‡o bv|
†ivgš’K cï, †hgb− Mi€, gwnl,
QvMj, †fov cÖf…wZ RveiKv‡U|
RvieKvUv ev †ivgš’b myˉ’Zvi
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi
e¨envwiK
cvV 1.4 GKwU my¯’ cï †`‡L evwn¨K j¶Y¸‡jv Rvbv I LvZvq †jLv
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

evwn¨K j¶Y †`‡L my¯’ I Amy¯’ cï kYv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
my¯’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Y Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g Amy¯’ cïi j¶Ymg~n m¤ú‡K© mg¨K
aviYv _vKv Acwinvh©| †m Kvi‡YB GLv‡b my¯’ I Amy¯’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Ymg~n
hyMcrfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v−
gv‡Rj (Muzzle) t Dc‡ii †Vuv‡Ui †jvgwenxb Ask‡K gv‡Rj e‡j| GKwU my¯’
cïi gv‡Rj me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K| we›`y we›`y Nv‡g wm³ G Ask mn‡RB `„wó‡MvPi
nq| Amy¯’ cïi gv‡Rj mvaviYZ ﮋ _v‡K|
jvjv (Saliva) t †Kv‡bv my¯’ cïi gyL †_‡K mvaviYZ jvjv c‡o bv| gyL †_‡K
AwZwi³ jvjv wbM©Z n‡j Zv †ivMve¯’v wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, gyLMnŸ‡i
†Kv‡bv ¶Z n‡j (†hgb− ¶ziv‡ivM) gyL †_‡K AwZwi³ jvjv c‡o| Avevi
RjvZ¼ †iv‡M ¶Zve¯’v QvovI jvjv c‡o|
Lv`¨ MÖnY (Feeding) t my¯’ cï‡Z ¯^vfvweKfv‡e ¶zav I Amy¯’ cï‡Z ¶zavg›`v
†`Lv †`q| Mjwej ev d¨vwis‡mi AekZvi Kvi‡Y cï Lv`¨ MjatKiY Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| d‡j Lvevi bvKgyL w`‡q †ei n‡q Av‡m|
RveiKvUv (Rumination) t †ivgš’K cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov
cÖf…wZ RveiKv‡U| Z…Y‡fvRx Gme cÖvYx Lv`¨ h_vh_fv‡e bv wPwe‡q MjatKiY
K‡i| c‡i wekªvgKv‡j we‡kl cÖwµqvq Gme Lv`¨ cvK¯’jx †_‡K Abœbvwji gva¨‡g
gyLMnŸ‡i Av‡m| jvjv mswgkªY I Pwe©ZPe©‡bi ci G Lv`¨ cybivq Abœbvwj n‡q
cvK¯’jx‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| G cÖwµqv‡K RvieKvUv ev †ivgš’b e‡j| †ivgš’b my¯’Zvi
j¶Y| †Kv‡bv Amy¯’ cï mvaviYZ †ivgš’b K‡i bv|
bvwmKviÜ« (Nostrils) t my¯’ cïi bvwmKviÜ« cwi®‹vi _v‡K| bvK †_‡K †Kv‡bv
†kø®§vRvZxq Zij c`v_© †ei n‡j Zv mvaviYZ k¦vmZ‡š¿i msµgY Bw½Z K‡i|
k¦vmcÖk¦vm (Respiration) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wbw`©ó k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi
i‡q‡Q| my¯’ cï‡Z G nvi ¯^vfvweK _v‡K| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi A¯^vfvweKZv ZvB
Amy¯’Zvi j¶Y| G j¶Y evwn¨Kfv‡e mn‡RB ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq|
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 26

my¯’ cïi †jR me©`v e¨¯Í
_v‡K| gkvgwQ ev KxUcZ½
Mv‡q em‡j †j‡Ri mvnv‡h¨
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zvwo‡q †`q|
Pg©‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ewnivei‡Yi
ˆewkó¨ Le© nq Ges LmL‡m I
iæ¶iƒc aviY K‡i|
Mevw`cï‡K ¯^v¯’¨MZfv‡e 4
fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v−
AwZ ¯^v¯’¨evb, ¯^v¯’¨evb,
¯^v¯’¨nxb I AwZ ¯^v¯’¨nxb|
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq
†PvL I Kvb (Eye and Ear) t my¯’ cïi †PvL cwi®‹vi _v‡K| †Pv‡L AvNvZ
jvM‡j, Wvig‡qW wm÷ (Dermoid Cyst) n‡j †PvL †_‡K cvwb c‡o| RxevYy
msµgY n‡j †Pv‡L gqjv Rg‡Z cv‡i Ges †PvL jvj n‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov RwÛm
(Jaundice) n‡j †PvL njy` eY© aviY K‡i| my¯’ cïi Kvb me©`v mRvM _v‡K
Ges †Kv‡bv kã n‡j Kvb Lvov K‡i I mZK© cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| cï Amy¯’ n‡j
Giƒc cÖwZwµqv wejyß nq|
†jR (Tail) t my¯’ cïi †jR me©`v e¨¯Í _v‡K| †Kv‡bv gkvgwQ ev KxUcZ½
Mv‡q em‡j †j‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zvwo‡q †`q| Amy¯’ cï‡Z †jR wbðj
_v‡K Ges gkvgvwQ giv kix‡i ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ wePiY K‡i| GQvov Miægwn‡li †j‡R
cPbkxj Nv (Gangrene) _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi my¯’ cïi †jR cwi®‹vi _v‡K|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Miægwn‡l cÖvqk Wvqwiqv ev cvZjv cvqLvbv nq| Gme †¶‡Î cïi
†jR Ges Z`msjMœ ¯’vbmg ‡n cvqLvbv †j‡M _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| Rivqy‡Z cyuR
(Pyometra) n‡j †j‡Ri Dcwifv‡M cyuR Rwo‡q _vK‡e| KLbI KLbI
i³wgwkªZ †kø®§v †j‡Ri mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gme Amy¯’Zvi j¶Y|
ewniveiY (Body Coat) t my¯’ cïi ewniveiY †Kvgj, gm„Y I PvKwPK¨c~Y©
nq| Acywó, Pg©‡ivM cÖf…wZi Kvi‡Y ewnivei‡Yi G ˆewkó¨ Le© nq Ges LmL‡m I
iæ¶iƒc aviY K‡i| KLbI KLbI kix‡ii Askwe‡kl †jvgnxb n‡q c‡o| GQvov
†LvmcvuPov, †dvuov, wewfbœ cÖKvi NvZ, Kuxovcov (Myiasis), wUDgvi, wm÷
(Cyst), AvuwPj (Papillomatosis), †RvqvjKv›`v, Kzu‡R Nv cÖf…wZ †ivM kix‡ii
evwn¨K AveiY cix¶v K‡i mn‡RB wPwýZ Kiv hvq| my¯’ cïi †jvg kvwqZ
Ae¯’vq _v‡K| c¶všÍ‡i, AwZwi³ kxZ I R¡‡i cïi †jvg Lvov _v‡K|
bvwf (Navel) t evQy‡ii bvwf‡Z cÖvqB †dvuov (Navel Abscess) I nvwb©qv
(Umbilical Hernia) †`Lv hvq| k¼i Rv‡Zi evQy‡i G `y‡Uv †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve
†ewk| Gme †iv‡M bvwfmsjMœ GjvKv ùxZ nq Ges mn‡RB `„wó‡MvPi nq|
evû (Limb) t cïi 4wU evû AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Gi †Kv‡bvwU‡Z µwU n‡j cï Zvi
Kg©¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| ¶ziv‡ivM (Foot and Mouth Disease), cv cPv
(Foot Rot), c`cÖ`vn (Laminitis), wSwÄ ev Uvk †ivM (Upward Patellar
Fixatioin), mwÜP‚¨wZ (Dislocation of Joint), mwÜcÖ`vn (Arthritis), evûi
AekZv (Limb Paralysis), nvofv½v (Fracture) cÖf…wZ †iv‡M cï †Lvuov n‡q
hvq| my¯’ cïi evû¸‡jv µwUgy³ _vK‡e|
¯^v¯’¨MZ Ae¯’v (Health status) t cywónxbZv Avgv‡`i Mevw`cïi GKwU cÖavb
ˆewkó¨| cywónxb cïi †ivMcÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Kg _vKvq Giv mn‡RB †ivMvµvšÍ
¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 27
M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Mevw`cï‡K ¯^v¯’¨MZfv‡e 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb- AwZ ¯^v¯’¨evb, ¯^v¯’¨evb, ¯^v¯’¨nxb I AwZ ¯^v¯’¨nxb| G‡`i g‡a¨ AwZ
¯^v¯’¨nxb cï‡K Amy¯’ wn‡m‡e a‡i †bqv hvq| G ai‡bi cïi ˆewkó¨/j¶Y GLv‡b
†`qv n‡q‡Q | †hgb−

G‡`i−
♦ e¶‡`‡ki mKj nvo (Ribs) ¯úó †`Lv hv‡e|
♦ jv¤^vi UªvÝfvm© cÖ‡mm (Lumbar Transverse Process) ¯úó †`Lv
hv‡e|
♦ c¨vivjv¤^vi †dvmv (Paralumbar Fossa) Mfxi n‡e|
♦ †j‡Ri †Mvov msKxY© _vK‡e|
♦ M­ywUqvj †cwk AeZj (Concave) _vK‡e|
♦ wUDevi Kw· (Tuber Coxae) I wUDevi Bwð (Tuber Ischi)
aviv‡jvfv‡e †f‡m DV‡e|

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. GKwU my¯’ I GKwU Amy¯’ cï|
2. e¨envwiK LvZv, †cwÝj, Kjg, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

Kv‡Ri aviv
♦ cÖ_‡g cï `y‡Uv‡K GKUz `~‡i `~‡i `y‡Uv LuywU‡Z euvayb|
♦ Gevi cÖ_‡g `~i †_‡K G‡`i nvefve j¶¨ Kiæb|

wPÎ 18 t GKwU my¯’ cï

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 28

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

wPÎ 19 t GKwU Amy¯’ cï

♦ Gici cï `y‡Uvi Kv‡Q hvb I G‡`i wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨½ fv‡jvfv‡e

ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb|
♦ †Kvm©eB‡q D‡jøwLZ j¶‡Yi m‡½ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y wgwj‡q wbb|
♦ Gevi ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avcbvi gšÍe¨ A_©vr †Kvb&wU my¯’ I †Kvb&wU Amy¯’
cï Zv wbY©q Kiæb|
♦ cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨
Zv wUDUi‡K †`Lvb Ges mB wbb|

mveavbZv
♦ cï‡`i Lye k³ K‡i euva‡eb bv|
♦ j¶¨ ivL‡eb †hb Giv fq ev AvNvZ bv cvq|
♦ G‡`i‡K Lye †ewk wei³ Ki‡eb bv|
e¨envwiK
cvV 1.5 wbR nv‡Z cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

wbR nv‡Z wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖvmw½K Z_¨
kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv

cï Dòi³evnx nIqvq †h
†Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vi g‡a¨I
kix‡ii ZvcgvÎvi †Zgb ¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 29
†Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cï Dòi³evnx (Homeothermic) nIqvq †h †Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vi g‡a¨I

kix‡ii ZvcgvÎvi †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| cï msµvgK †iv‡M AvµvšÍ
n‡jB mvaviYZ kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| kix‡ii evwn¨K ZvcgvÎv Af¨š ixY
ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v A‡bK Kg| ZvB cïi †`nvf¨šÍi †_‡K cÖK…Z ZvcgvÎv wbY©q
Kiv nq|

ZvcgvÎv wbY©‡qi cwi‡ek

♦ Qvqv‡Z wekªvgiZ Ae¯’vq kvšÍ cwi‡e‡k ZvcgvÎv †bqv DwPZ|
♦ cÖLi †iŠ`ª A_ev e„wói g‡a¨ _vKv Ae¯’vq ZvcgvÎv †bqv DwPZ bq|
♦ `xN©c_ nuvUv ev †`Šov‡bvi ci K¬všÍ Ae¯’vq ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv mwVK
bq|
♦ cï D‡ËwRZ Ae¯’vq _vK‡j ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv wbiƒcb Kiv hvq bv|

ZvcgvÎvi cÖfveK
†`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv ♦ ¶z`ªvKvi cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„nv`vKvi cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K|
mKvj A‡c¶v we‡K‡j †ewk
_v‡K| ♦ Mf©eZx I Aíeq¯‹ cïi ZvcgvÎv Mf©nxb I AwaK eq¯‹ cï A‡c¶v
†ewk _v‡K|
♦ †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mKvj A‡c¶v we‡K‡j †ewk _v‡K|

wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mviwY 4 G †`qv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 4 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv

cïi cÖRvwZ ZvcgvÎvi Mo

ZvcgvÎvi cvj­v
°†m. (°dv.)
°†m. (°dv.)
†Nvov 37.2−38.1 (99.0−100.6) 37.6 (99.7)
Miæ 38.0−39.3 (100.4−102.8) 38.6 (101.5)
†fov 38.3−39.9 (100.9−103.8) 39.1 (102.3)
QvMj 38.5−39.7 (101.3−103.5) 39.1 (102.3)
KzKzi 37.9−39.9 (100.2−103.8) 38.9 (102.0)
weovj 38.1−39.2 (100.5−102.5) 38.6(101.5)
DU 34.2−40.7 (93.6−105.3) 37.5 (99.5)
Mvav 36.4−38.4 (97.5−101.1) 37.4 (99.3)
ïKi 38.7−39.8 (101.6−103.6) 39.2 (102.5)

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 30

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

Drm t Swenson, M. J. (1977). Dukes' Physiology of Domestic

Animals (9th Ed.), Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaka-
London, p. 687.

cïi †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv wbY©q

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. †h †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZi GKwU cï (g‡b Ki€b Miæ)|
2. hš¿cvwZ−
K. wK¬wbK¨vj _v‡g©vwgUvi (Clinical Thermometer)− 1wU|
L. K¨vUj k~¨U (Cattle Chute)− 1wU|
M. Zy‡jv− cwigvYg‡Zv|
3. ivmvqwbK `ªe¨−
K. f¨vmwjb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_©− cwigvYg‡Zv|
4. e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

K L M
wPÎ 20 (K, L, M) t cïi †`‡n ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv n‡”Q

40° †m.

38.5° †m.

37° †m.

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 31

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

K L M
wPÎ 21 (K, L, M) t _v‡gv©wgUv‡i cvi‡`i ¯Íi †`‡L mwVK ZvcgvÎv MYbv

Kv‡Ri aviv
♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K h_vh_fv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiæb| myweav _vK‡j K¨vUj k~U
e¨envi Kiæb| Ab¨_vq GKRb mnKvixi mvnvh¨ wbb|
♦ GKwU wK¬wbK¨vj _v‡gv©wgUvi wbb Ges Gi cvi‡`i ¯Íi SvuKzwbi gva¨‡g
me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q bvwg‡q Avbyb|
♦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii AMÖfvM f¨vmwjb A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_© Øviv
wcw”Qj Kiæb|
♦ evg nvZ Øviv cïi †jR GKcv‡k DuPz K‡i aiæb Ges Wvb nvZ Øviv
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii wcw”Qj cÖvšÍ gjbvwj‡Z hZUv m¤¢e XzwK‡q w`b|
♦ _v‡g©vwgUviwU D³ ¯’v‡b Zxh©Kfv‡e 1−2 wgwbUKvj w¯’i ivLyb (G Ae¯’vq
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ gjbvwji †`qv‡ji ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m Ges †`‡ni mwVK
ZvcgvÎv aviY K‡i)|
♦ gjbvwj †_‡K _v‡g©vwgUvi †ei Kiæb Ges Zy‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ cwi®‹vi Ki€b|
♦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cvi‡`i ¯Íi †`‡L mwVK ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiæb|

mveavbZv
♦ gjbvwj k³ g‡j cwic~Y© _vK‡j Wvb nvZ w`‡q cïi †jR a‡i evg nv‡Zi
Av½yj Øviv gjbvwj †_‡K k³ gj mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ k³ g‡ji g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡j A‡c¶vK…Z Kg ZvcgvÎv
wbYx©Z n‡e|
♦ gjbvwj‡Z _v‡g©vwgUvi Aek¨B Zxh©Kfv‡e a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ gjbvwji †`qv‡ji ms¯ú‡k© bv Avm‡j A‡c¶vK…Z Kg
ZvcgvÎv †iKW© n‡e|
♦ gjbvwj wXjv A_ev wkw_j _vK‡j cïi mwVK ZvcgvÎv wbiƒwcZ n‡e bv|
G‡¶‡Î ¯Íx cïi †hvwb‡Z _v‡g©vwgUvi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv
hvq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 32

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

e¨envwiK
cvV 1.6 wbR nv‡Z cïi bvwoi MwZ I k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiv
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

wbR nv‡Z cïi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wbR nv‡Z cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖvmw½K Z_¨
cïi bvwoi MwZ
bvwoi MwZ ev cvjm (Pulse) Kx Zv c~‡e©B D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mwVK †ivM
mwVK †ivM wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Acwinvh©| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cï‡Z bvwoi MwZ
bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Acwinvh©| wbY©q Kivi ¯’vb I cÖhyw³MZ †KŠkj wfbœ| cïi kix‡ii wbw`©ó agwb †_‡K bvwoi
cïi kix‡ii wbw`©ó agwb
†_‡K Zv wbY©q Kiv nq| MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| msjMœ `y‡Uv Av½yj Øviv agwb‡Z g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j
ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv hvq| Av½y‡ji Pvc †ewk n‡j agwbi i³ cÖevn eÜ
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Giƒc †¶‡Î bvwoi ¯ú›`b DcjwÜ Kiv hv‡e bv| Abykxj‡bi
gva¨‡g mn‡RB G †KŠkj Avq‡Z¡ Avbv hvq|
†QvU cÖRvwZi cï, †hgb− QvMj, †fov, KzKzi, weovj cÖf…wZi bvwoi MwZ eo
cÖRvwZi cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, †Nvov cÖf…wZi †P‡q †ewk| GKB cÖRvwZi wewfbœ
cïi g‡a¨I G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| Avevi Aí eq¯‹ cïi bvwoi MwZ AwaK eq¯‹ cï
A‡c¶v †ewk _v‡K| cyi€l cïi bvwoi MwZ ¯Íx cï A‡c¶v Kg _v‡K| Mf©ve¯’vq,
we‡kl K‡i cÖmec~e© mg‡q, bvwoi MwZ AwaK gvÎvq e„w× cvq|

bvwoi MwZ h_vm¤¢e kvšÍ Ae¯’vq MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡ËwRZ Ae¯’vq A_ev
e¨vqvg Kivi ci bvwoi MwZ e„w× cvq| †m Kvi‡Y nuvUvnuvwU, †`Šov‡bv ev KvR
Kivi ci cï‡K AšÍZ AvaN›Uv wekªvg †`qv Avek¨K|
AwZwi³ Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi ci, RveiKvUv Ae¯’vq, cwi‡ekMZ AwZ D”P ev wb¤œ
ZvcgvÎvq, kix‡i Zxeª †e`bv Abyf‚Z n‡j Ges m‡e©vcwi ¯^‡ii Kvi‡Y †`‡ni
ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j bvwoi MwZ †e‡o hvq| GLv‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi bvwoi
MwZ wbY©‡qi ¯’vb I cÖhyw³MZ †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Mi€gwnl t Gme cï‡Z cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb (Coccygeal Artery) †_‡K
bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq|
GQvov †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| GQvov †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z G·Uvibvj
w`‡K Aew¯’Z G·Uvibvj g¨vMwRjvwi agwb (External Maxillary Artery) †_‡KI bvwoi MwZ wbY©q
g¨vMwRjvwi agwb †_‡KI
bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv hvq|
Kiv hvq| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k gvV ch©v‡q bvwoi MwZ cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb †_‡KB
MÖnY Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î cï‡K cÖ_‡g wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡i evg nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨
†jR wKQyUv DuPz K‡i ai‡Z n‡e Ges Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj Øviv gjØvi †_‡K 7.5-
10.0 †m.wg. wb‡P †j‡Ri wb¤œw`‡K g„`yfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g ¯ú‡k©B

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 33

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

Av½yj mwVK ¯’v‡b bvI co‡Z cv‡i| ZLb KvQvKvwQ ¯’v‡bI µgvš^‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y bv Av½y‡j agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyf‚Z nq| G Ae¯’vq D³ ¯ú›`b
GK wgwbU MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GK wgwb‡U G ¯ú›`b hZevi Abyfe Kiv hv‡e
†mwUB n‡e H cïi bvwoi MwZ|

Miægwn‡li †Pvqv‡ji agwb †_‡KI Dc‡ii c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i bvwoi MwZ wbY©q
Kiv hvq| Z‡e, †Pvqv‡ji agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv A‡c¶vK…Z KwVb| we‡kl
K‡i cï kvšÍ cÖK…wZi bv n‡j †Pvqvj †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|

†Nvov t †Nvov‡Z cÖavbZ †Pvqv‡ji agwb (External Maxilliary Artery)

†_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î †Nvovi gv_vi KvQvKvwQ evg w`‡K
`vwo‡q evg nvZ w`‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e gv_v wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj
Øviv †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi w`KUv‡Z µgvš^‡q g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| agwbi ¯ú›`b
Abyfe Kivi ci GK wgwbUKvj Zv MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Nvovi †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K
bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq bv| GQvov †Nvovi wcQ‡bi w`‡K hvIqvI wec`RbK|

QvMj‡fov t Gme cïi †¶‡Î Diæi agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZi nvi wbY©q Kiv nq|
Diæi Bb¸Bbvj A‡j (Inguinal Region) Av½yj w`‡q g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i
agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv hvq| Gme cÖvYx‡Z †Pvqvj Ges †j‡Ri agwb ch©‡e¶Y
Kiv myweavRbK bq|

cïi Aw¯’iZv, †cwki K¤úb, †`‡ni ¯’‚jZv cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y wbw`©ó agwb †_‡K bvwoi
MwZi nvi wbiƒcb Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci (Stethoscope) mvnv‡h¨
mvivmwi ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b MYbv Kiv hvq|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 34

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

wPÎ 22 t †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ mivmwi ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b MYbv

mvaviYZ wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wba©vwiZ ¯’vb †_‡K ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b GK wgwbUKvj
MYbv Kiv nq| wewfbœ Amyweavi Kvi‡Y D³ mg‡qi Rb¨ MYbv m¤¢e bv n‡j 30
†m‡KÛ mg‡q ¯ú›`b MYbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G msL¨v‡K wظb Ki‡jB cÖwZ
wgwb‡U bvwoi MwZ wbYx©Z nq| wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cïi bvwoi MwZi nvi mviwb 5 G
†`qv n‡q‡Q|

cÖwZ wgwb‡U dzmdzm hZevi
cÖmvwiZ ev msKzwPZ nq A_©vr
hZevi k¦vm MÖnY ev Z¨vM K‡i
†mwUB k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi|
k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi
†Kv‡bv cï dzmdz‡mi m¤úÖmvi‡Yi mgq k¦vm MÖnY K‡i Ges ms‡KvP‡bi mgq k¦vm
Z¨vM K‡i| cÖwZ wgwb‡U dzmdzm KZevi cÖmvwiZ nq ev msKzwPZ nq A_©vr KZevi
k¦vm MÖnY K‡i A_ev k¦vm Z¨vM K‡i †mwUB n‡”Q k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi| cïi bvwoi
MwZ wbY©q A‡c¶v k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q mnRZi| cïi †cQ‡b `vuwo‡q e¶‡eówb
I †c‡Ui IVvbvgv †`‡L G nvi wbb©q Kiv hvq| Avevi cïi mvg‡b `vuwo‡q
bvwmKvi‡Üªi bovPov I evqyi MwZ ch©‡e¶Y K‡iI k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiv
hvq| GQvov †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨I dzmdzm †_‡K mivmwi G nvi wbY©q Kiv
hvq| e¨vqvg, D‡ËRbv, D”P cwi‡ekMZ ZvcgvÎv, kvixwiK ¯’‚jZv, i³k b¨Zv
cÖf…wZ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi evwo‡q †`q| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi mviwY
5 G D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mviwY 5 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi ¯^vfvweK bvwoi MwZ I k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi

cïi cÖRvwZ bvwoi MwZ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi

(cÖwZ wgwb‡U) (cÖwZ wgwb‡U)
†Nvov 30−40 8−10
Miæ 60−80 10−30
gwnl 40−60 12−16
†fov 70−90 10−20
QvMj 70−90 25−35
k~Ki 60−90 10−20
KzKzi 60−90 15−30
weovj 110−130 20−30
nvwZ 28−35 10

Drm t mvgv`, Gg. G. (1996)| cïcvjb I wPwKrmvwe`¨v, wjwiK-GwcK

cÖKvkbx, gqgbwmsn, c„. 135|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 35

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

cix¶Y 1 †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. GKwU Miæ|
2. GKwU Nwo|
3. K¨vUj k~¨U ev Ævwfm|
4. e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

wPÎ 23 t †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

Kv‡Ri aviv
♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K wbqš¿Y Kiæb|
♦ AZtci evg nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Gi †jRwU wKQyUv DuPz K‡i ai€b|
♦ Gevi Wvb nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gjØvi †_‡K 7.5-10.0 †m.wg. wb‡P
†j‡Ri wbæw`‡K g„`yfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiæb| ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ Pvc cÖ‡qvM
Kiæb hZ¶Y bv Av½y‡j agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyf‚Z nq|
♦ Gevi G ¯ú›`b Nwoi mvnv‡h¨ GK wgwbUKvj ch©šÍ MYbv Kiæb|
♦ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y LvZvq wjLyb I mviwY 5 Gi m‡½ Zv wgwj‡q †`Lyb
KZUzKz mwVK n‡q‡Q|
♦ cy‡iv cix¶YwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wUDUi‡K
†`wL‡q Zv‡Z mB wbb|
mveavbZv
♦ Miæi †j‡R Lye †Rv‡o Pvc †`‡eb bv|
♦ Ah_v Miæ‡K nqivwb Ki‡eb bv|
♦ Mi€‡K mwVK c×wZ‡Z wbqš¿Y Ki‡eb|

cix¶Y 2 Miæi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 36

 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

1. GKwU Miæ|
2. GKwU Nwo|
3. e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

wPÎ 24 t Mevw`cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q

Kv‡Ri aviv
♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K LyuwUi m‡½ evuayb ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiæb|
♦ AZtci MiæwUi mvg‡b G‡m `vuovb|
♦ Gevi MiæwUi `yB bvmi‡Ü«i mvg‡b Avcbvi nvZ `y‡Uv ivLyb|
♦ Miæi wbtk¦vm hZevi nv‡Z jvM‡jv Zv Nwoi mvnv‡h¨ GK wgwbUKvj MYbv
K‡i Miæi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiæb|
♦ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y LvZvq wjLyb I mviwY 5 Gi m‡½ wgwj‡q wbb|
♦ cy‡iv cix¶YwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wUDUi‡K
†`wL‡q Zv‡Z mB wbb|

mveavbZv
♦ Miæ‡K Ah_v wei³ Ki‡eb bv|
♦ G Kv‡Ri mgq gvbyl‡K fxo Ki‡Z †`‡eb bv|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 37

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

PzovšÍ g~j¨vqb - BDwbU 1

msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| †ivM wbY©‡q cïi Kx Kx Z_¨ MÖnY Kiv nq?
2| cïi mvaviY cix¶vmg ‡ni bvg wjLyb|
3| cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wbY©‡qi c×wZ wjLyb|
4| Kxfv‡e cïi bvwo I k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiv nq?
5| †iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq?
6| iÄb iwk¥i e¨envi K‡i Kx Kx †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq?
7| †iKUvj cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ †cŠwóK I RbbZ‡š¿i Kx Kx †ivM wbiƒcb Kiv
hvq?
8| f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg Kx Ges Kxfv‡e G hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq?
9| †Kb cïi gyLMnŸi, †PvL I Kvb cix¶v Kiv nq?
10| Kxfv‡e cvqLvbv I cÖmªv‡ei bgybv msMÖn Ki‡eb?
11| cÖmªv‡ei wewµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
12| i‡³i bgybv Kxfv‡e msMÖn Kiv nq?
13| i‡³i wewfbœ cix¶v m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
14| evwn¨K j¶Y ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Kxfv‡e GKwU cïi my¯’Zv wbY©q Ki‡eb?
15| †Kvb& †Kvb& †¶‡Î kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvi ZviZg¨ N‡U?

DËigvjv - BDwbU 1

cvV 1.1
1| K. i 1| L. iii 2| K. m 2| L. m 3| K. gm„Y 3| L.
wbqš¿Y 4| K. RjvZ¼ 4| L. cyicyi kã nq

cvV 1.2
1| K. iii 1| L. iv 2| K. m 2| L. m 3| K. †¯úKzjvg 3|
L. fjwfDjvm 4| K. WweøD. wm. iÄb 4| L. cv‡qv‡gUªv

cvV 1.3
1| K. i 1| L. iv 2| K. wg 2| L. m 3| K. DwPZ bq 3| L.
†KvôKvwVb¨ 4| K. cwigvY, eY©, MÜ I MVb 4| L. e„‡°

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 38