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Punjabi music strengthens the importance of Arabic Maqam is distinctively unique to Arabian
musical instruments in Pakistan. Punjab is a music because of its technique of improvisation.
region in South Asia which is divided into West It is the system of melodic modes used in
Punjab, Pakistan and East Punjab, India. traditional Arab music. Arabian rhythmic pattern
Bhangra, one of the most recognized forms of or cycle is analyzed by means of rhythmic units.
Punjab, is based on the drum rhythm of dhol.
WAZN - iterally means “measure” performed on
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF PAKISTAN the goblet drum, frame drum and kettle drum
1.Tabla 2. Dholak 3. Harmonium 4. Rubab only used in musical genres with a fixed
rhythmic-temporal organization including
Elements of Music recurring measures, motifs and pulse.
1.Vocal timber—(tone color) nasal and throaty IQA - the rhythmic pattern in Arabian music
2.Rhythm— duple, triple, quadruple reputed to be over 100 iqa, but many of them
3.Melody— pentatonic scale, diatonic scale have fallen out of fashion and are rarely used in
4.Texture: • monophony (acapella); • performance the greatest varieties of iqa (or
homophony (with chordal accompaniment); • iqa’at as pronounced) range from two to 48
heterophony (same melody but ornamented by beats are used in the muwashahat (an
several instruments Andalusian musical form) where every syllable
5.Form— Strophic (using the same tune on of the lyric must fall on a beat.
different verses)(AB, ABA, ABACA), Sonata
6. Dynamics- volume of sounds ( loud/forte, SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL
very loud/ fortissimo, medium/mezzo, medium 1. Jewish Lyre 2. Psalterion( Harp) 3. Shofar
soft/mezzo piano, medium loud/mezzo forte)
7. Harmony- major scales, minor scales OTHER SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF
8. Pitch – high or low , ascending ,descending ARAB COUNTRIES
1. Goblet 2. Toft
Two Divisions of Jewish Music
Radio Broadcasting