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Culture Documents
1. Legislative Branch
The legislative branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the state,
and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare. It
consists of a the Congress.
The Congress is divided into two chambers: the House of Representatives and the
Senate.
o The House of Representatives comprises lawmakers who serve two-year terms.
o The 1980s, there were 435 representatives in the House of Representatives.
That assures that the small states have an equal voice in one of the
houses of Congress.
o The Senate comprises lawmakers who serve six-year terms.
o The terms of the senators are staggered, so that only one-third of the Senate is
elected every two years.
That assures that there are some experienced senators in Congress
after each election.
The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy.
When both houses of Congress pass a bill on which they agree, it is sent to the
president for his signature
2. Executive Branch
The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and carrying out the day-
to-day administration of the government.
The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch. The
President is elected by the people and serves a four-year term. The Vice President
and the Cabinet assist the President in carrying out their duties.
Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to
only two terms.
Except for the right of succession to the presidency, the vice president's only
constitutional duties are to serve as the presiding officer of the Senate the vice
president may vote in the Senate only in the event of a tie..
The president, as the chief formulator of public policy, often proposes legislation
to Congress.
The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and House of
Representatives.
Within the executive branch, the president has broad powers to issue regulations
and directives regarding the work of the federal government's many departments
and agencies.
The president appoints the heads and senior officials of the executive branch
nonpolitical civil service system.
Each appointment must be confirmed by a vote of the Senate.
Such treaties must be approved by a two-thirds vote of the Senate The president
also negotiates with other nations less formal "executive agreements" that are not
subject to Senate approval.
3. Judicial Branch
The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court.
specifically created by the Constitution.
established 11 federal courts of appeal and, below them, 91 federal, district.
courts, Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement, and can only
be removed from office through the process of impeachment and trial in the
Congress.
Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution; laws
and treaties of the United States; maritime cases; issues involving foreign citizens
or governments; and cases in which the federal government itself is a party.
Ordinarily, federal courts do not hear cases arising out of the laws of individual
states.
The Supreme Court today consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.
With minor exceptions, all its cases reach the Court on appeal from lower federal
or state courts.
Most of these cases involved disputes over the
Interpretation of laws and legislation
3. Cơ quan tư pháp
Cơ quan tư pháp do Tòa án tối cao đứng đầu, là tòa án duy nhất.
được Hiến pháp quy định cụ thể.
thành lập 11 tòa phúc thẩm liên bang và dưới đó là 91 tòa liên bang, quận.
tòa án, thẩm phán liên bang được bổ nhiệm suốt đời hoặc tự nguyện nghỉ hưu và
chỉ có thể bị cách chức thông qua quá trình luận tội và xét xử tại Quốc hội.
Tòa án liên bang có thẩm quyền xét xử các vụ việc phát sinh ngoài Hiến pháp;
luật pháp và hiệp ước của Hoa Kỳ; vụ việc hàng hải; các vấn đề liên quan đến
công dân hoặc chính phủ nước ngoài; và các trường hợp trong đó chính phủ liên
bang là một đảng phái.
Thông thường, các tòa án liên bang không xét xử các vụ án phát sinh từ luật
pháp của từng bang.
Tòa án tối cao ngày nay bao gồm một chánh án và tám phó thẩm phán.
Với những trường hợp ngoại lệ nhỏ, tất cả các vụ việc đều được đưa ra Tòa án
theo kháng cáo từ các tòa án liên bang hoặc tiểu bang cấp dưới.
Hầu hết các vụ việc này đều liên quan đến tranh chấp về quyền
Giải thích luật và pháp luật