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Chapter 6
Chapter 6
1 Magal and Word | Integrated Business Processes with ERP Systems | © 2011
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the master data associated with the production
process.
2. Identify the key steps in the production process and the
data, documents, and information associated with each
step.
3. Effectively use SAP® ERP to execute the key steps in the
production process.
4. Effectively use SAP ERP to extract meaningful information
about the production process.
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Types of Manufacturing
Discrete vs. repetitive vs. process
Discrete and repetitive
Tangible products
Manufactured in individual units
Skateboards, bicycles
Repetitive manufacturing
Same or similar products are produced over a period of time
A specified quantity is produced over a period of time
Discrete
Batches of different materials over time
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Types of manufacturing
Process manufacturing
Not manufactured in individual units
Gallons, pints, liters
Paint, soft drinks
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A Basic Production Process
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Organizational Data
Client
Company code
Plant
Storage location
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Master Data
Bill of materials (BOM)
Work center
Product routing
Material master
Production resource tools (PRT)
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Bill of Materials
Identifies the components needed to make the material
A component can have its own BOM to creates a multi-level
BOM
BOMs are used in
Material planning
Production
Procurement
Product costing
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Single-level and Multi-level BOMs
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Bill of Materials for Touring Bikes
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Bill of Materials for Off-road Bikes
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Bill of Materials - Header
Applies to the entire BOM
Status: active, inactive
Base quantity: materials specified are needed to make the
base quantity (typically 1 unit).
Usage: production, engineering, costing, etc.
Plant: each plant can have a different BOM
Validity: date range
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Bill of Materials - Items
Apply to the specific item in the BOM
Item category:
Stock item – must have a material master
Nonstock item – no material master
Variable-sized item – must specify size
Document item – diagrams, additional instructions
Material number
Quantity
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BOM Structure
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Demo 6.1 BOM for Bike and Wheel
Assembly
Review some of the data included in a material master
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Work Center
Basic data
Name, description
Person responsible for maintaining master data
Task list usage (which routings can use this work center)
Capacities
Scheduling
Cost center
HR assignment
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Work Center Data
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GBI Dallas Production Facility
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GBI Work Centers
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Demo 6.2 Review GBI Work Center
Review the GBI work center
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Product Routing
Steps necessary to produce a material
Operations
Sequence
Standard
Alternate
Parallel
Work center
Times
Setup, machine, labor
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Work Center Example
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Structure of a Routing
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Routing and Work Centers
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Routing for Deluxe Touring Wheel
Assembly
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Routing for Deluxe Touring Bike
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Demo 6.3 Review Routing for a
Bike and Wheel Assembly
Review the routing for a bike and wheel assembly
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Component Assignment
Specifies the relationship between a BOM and a routing
Assigns components (materials) in a BOM either to a routing
or to a specific operation within routing
If not assigned assumed to be assigned to the first operation
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Component Assignment
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Production Capability
A measure of how many units of a material a plant can
produce within a given timeframe
A data source for production planning
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Sample GBI Production Plan
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Material Master
Previously discussed views
Basic data
Purchasing related
Sales related
Accounting related
Additional view needed for production
Work scheduling – plant specific
MRP – plant specific
More relevant in material planning
Will be discussed in that chapter
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Production Resource Tools
Movable objects required for production
Shared among different work centers
Documents (instructions)
Materials (calibration tool)
Equipment (machine that is not in a fixed location)
Miscellaneous
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The Production Process
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Request Production
Planned order
What material
How many
When
Generated by other processes
Fulfillment
Project management
Material planning
Can be created manually
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Elements of the Request Production
Step
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Data in a Planned Order
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Demo 6.4 Create a Planned Order
Review how to create a planned order
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Authorize Production
With planned order: convert
Convert to production order
Without planned order: create production order
Production order
What material is to be produced?
How many?
When?
Where will they be produced?
What resources are to be used?
How much is it expected to cost?
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Elements of the Authorize Production
Step
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Data in a Production Order
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Structure of a Production Order
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Authorize Production - Outcomes
Scheduling
Availability checks
Reservations
Preliminary costing
Purchase requisitions
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Preliminary Cost Estimates for Men’s
Off-road Bike
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Cost Estimates in a Production Order
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Demo 6.5 Create a Production
Order
Review how to create a production order
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Order Release
On creation order status is created (CRTD)
Order must be released (REL) to permit subsequent steps
such as
Goods movement not possible
Confirmations not possible
Documents cannot be printed
Settlement
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Elements of the Order Release Step
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Order Release
Automatic or manual
If no time is needed between creation and release for
preparation, then release occurs automatically
Release at different levels
Header: All operations are released
Operations: Release specific operations
Operations status: REL
Order status: PREL (partially released)
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Order Release - Outcomes
Execution of subsequent steps is possible
Shop floor papers can be printed
Communication with PDC is possible
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Goods Issue
Movement type 261
Impact
Material, FI, CO documents
G/L accounts updated
Inventory updated
Reservations updated (reduced)
Costs updated (actual cost in order)
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Elements of the Goods Issue Step
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Data in a Goods Issue Step
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Financial Impact of a Goods Issue
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Demo 6.6 Goods Issue to Production
Order
Review the steps from goods issue to production order
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Confirmations
Order level confirmation
Operations level confirmation
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Elements of the Confirmation Step
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Data in a Confirmation
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Financial Impact of a Confirmation
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Demo 6.7 Confirm Production
Review confirm production
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Goods Receipt
Goods receipt into storage
Movement type 101
Impact
Material, FI, CO documents
Material master update (quantity and value)
Production order update (quantity, date, costing)
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Elements of a Goods Receipt
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Data in a Goods Receipt
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Financial Impact of a Goods Receipt
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Demo 6.8 Goods Receipt from
Production
Review goods receipts from production
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Periodic Processing
Overhead calculation
Work in progress determination
Settlement
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Overhead Calculation
Indirect costs
Supervisor, manager, other salaries
Utilities
Accumulated in cost centers
Periodically allocated to production orders based on
predetermined rules
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Work-in-Progress Determination
Work-in-progress (WIP) inventory
Inventory between GI and GR inventory
Periodically the value of what is in the production process is
calculated and posted to the general ledger
Not essential
For short production processes
Value of materials is not high
GBI
Essential
When value of materials is high
Production takes weeks, months, or years
Aircraft production, construction.
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Settlement
Settle the difference between planned and actual costs
(variance)
Only panned costs are posted in the GR step
Variance is settled in this step
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Financial Impact of a Settlement
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Reporting
General SAP reporting options
Online lists
Work lists
Analytics
Production-specific reporting options
Stock/requirement lists
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Production Information System -
Components
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Production Information Systems -
Operations
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Stock/Requirements List
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Demo 6.9 Stock/Requirement List
Review/stock requirement list
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