2022-11-25

Working with Pictures 1

Computer Graphics
Dariusz Sawicki

Introduction

Computer Graphics is a discipline concerning to

creating pictures (using digital / computer methods).

CG Introduction 4

Introduction Working with Pictures 2

• Working with Picture

• The History of Computer Graphics
• The Aim of the Lecture
• The Preliminary Requirements
• The Main Topics of the Lecture
• Bibliography

Image Processing – representation, manipulation,

enhancement, „changing” pictures.

CG Introduction 2 CG Introduction 5

Working with Pictures Working with Pictures 3

Manipulation of pictorial data

in three fields of computer science

• Computer Graphics
• Pattern Recognition
• Image Processing

Input = ?
Output = ?
Pattern Recognition – discipline that allows to
analyze, detect something (geometrical elements,
pattern etc.), recognize or describe.
CG Introduction 3 CG Introduction 6

1
 2022-11-25

Applications - Uses of CG History of CG

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Presentation Graphics, Business and Office Visualizations
• CAD/CAM (Graphics for Engineers)
• Simulation and Virtual Reality for Scientific Use
• Desktop Publishing Systems and Printing
• Cartography and Navigation Systems (GPS)
• Medical Uses
• Art and Entertainment
• 1950 - 1960. First graphical monitors. Computer Graphics
in military applications.
• 1963 – Sketchpad of Ivan Sutherland.
• 1964 – The first scientific team which study algorithms for
Computer Graphics. University of Utah.
(among others: Ivan Sutherland, James Blinn, Edwin
Catmull)
• 1969 – Evans & Sutherland.

CG Introduction 7 CG Introduction 10

Why Computer Graphics ? History of CG

• Most of information reaches to us through the sense of • 1969 – SIGGRAPH came into existence in ACM.
sight.
• 1974-1977 graphical laboratory in New York Institute of
(Traditional five senses : sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste.)
Technology.(among others: Edwin Catmull, Edem
• It is easy to transmit and present the large amounts of
information in graphic form. Emshwiller)
• Computer Graphics gives the possibility of creating any • 1980 – ray tracing.
scenes, even completely unreal.
• Authors of advertisements and movie receive tools with, • 1982 – movies: TRON, Star Trek.
practically, unrestricted possibilities. • 1983 – theory of fractals.
• In many disciplines we can at last look at this, what was
so far impossible to seeing.

CG Introduction 8 CG Introduction 11

Computer Graphics Development History of CG

• Moore’s law.
• 1984 – radiosity.
Increase of Hardware in Computer Science is Exponential
– number of elements doubles every two years. • 1995 – movie Toy Story.
• ”It's interesting to look back for a while and look at the • 2001 – photon mapping.
rapid development in consumer graphics. As late as in
1997 SGI's multimillion dollar 'Onyx 2, Infinite Reality -
Dual rack' (consuming some 14,000 Watts of power) was
among the best the graphics biz had to offer. In 2005 a
GeForce 7800GTX graphics card can be bought for $300
and GFX performance-wise it completely outclasses the
Onyx 2 setup”.
• Development of the Graphic Algorithms.

CG Introduction 9 CG Introduction 12

2
 2022-11-25

Journals, Magazines and Conferences The Aim of the Lecture

Professional journals What is not about ?

• Computer Graphics (ACM) since 1967
• IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications since 1980 • Information about commercial graphical software.
• ACM Transactions on Graphics since 1982 • Differences about version 5.3 (e.g.) and 5.2 of those
• Machine Graphics & Vision since 1992 software.
• Information how to use them?
Conferences
• SIGGRAPH since 1974
• EUROGRAPHICS since 1980

CG Introduction 13 CG Introduction 16

The Aim of the Lecture The Preliminary Requirement

What is the Lecture for ?

The basic knowledge in some different disciplines:
• Familiarizing with basic problems and questions in CG.
• For getting to know methods and algorithms used in CG. • Geometry.
• For learning how (and when !) to apply proper algorithms. • Linear algebra.
• Computer programming.
• (Algorithms and data structures.)
• (Computational geometry.)

CG Introduction 14 CG Introduction 17

The Aim of the Lecture The Preliminary Requirement

What is the Lecture about ?

The spatial imagination (perception, spatial environment),
• ?. formally Linn and Petersen(1985) category:
• ?.
• ?. • Imagine and understand spatial relation between
objects.
• Imagine rotation of the objects (and other affine
operation).
• Recognize basic spatial description (directions,
coordinates, vertical and horizontal directions).

CG Introduction 15 CG Introduction 18

3
 2022-11-25

Main Topics - Contents Internet

• Introduction • SIGGRAPH: www siggraph.org

• Basic raster operations • EUROGRAPHICS : www.eg.org
• Geometrical 2D and 3D operations • Index to Ray Tracing News:
www.acm.org/tog/resources/RTNews/html/rtn_index.html
• Projection and virtual camera
• Software Related Tools (from ACM):
• Object modeling and representation
www.acm.org/tog/Software.html
• Hidden line and surface elimination
• Light and color in CG
• wazniak.mimuw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Grafika_kompute
• Light modeling (local lighting) rowa_i_wizualizacja
• Global lighting
• Reality and CG

CG Introduction 19 CG Introduction 22

Bibliography (basic part)

• Shirley P. (et al.): Fundamentals of Computer Graphics,

5th ed., A K Peters, 2021, (3th ed. -> pdf !).
• Hughes J.F., van Dam A., McGuire M., Sklar D.F.,
Foley J.D., Feiner St.K., Akeley K.:
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Third Edition
Addison Wesley Publ. Co. (10 July) 2013.
• (Foley J.D., van Dam A., Feiner St.K., Hughes J.F.: Computer
Graphics, Principles and Practice, sec. ed., Addison-Wesley Publ. Co.
1996.)
• Zabrodzki J. (red.): Grafika Komputerowa, metody i
narzędzia, WNT 1994.
• Jankowski M.: Elementy grafiki komputerowej, WNT 1990
(2006 edition – practically not changed).

CG Introduction 20

Bibliography (supplementary)

• Hearn D., Baker P., M.: Computer Graphics with Open

GL , Prentice-Hall 2011 (4th ed.) .
• Watt A.: 3D Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley Publ.
Co. 2000.
• Pharr M., Humphreys G.: Physically Based Rendering,
from Theory to Implementation, 3rd. ed., Morgan
Kaufmann 2016.
(available online https://www.pbr-book.org/)

CG Introduction 21