L4 Parties To The Conflict In Bahrain Between 1840-1843 And The Role Of The Qatari

Tribes

Parties to the internal conflict in Bahrain and their relationship with Qatari tribes:

 Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa ruled over Bahrain from 1821-
1849.
 Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa challenged his rule and attempted to seize power during
1840-1843.
 Three of Sheikh Abdullah's sons rebelled against him.
 They immigrated to Qatar, courted its people, and began to build an opposition naval
force to invade Bahrain.
 As the conflict escalated, Sheikh Abdullah moved to stay in Khor Hassan in Qatar to
monitor the situation.

The Role Of Qatari Tribes In The Internal Conflict In Bahrain:

 Mohammad bin Khalifa formed a coalition of Qatari tribes to overthrow Sheikh Abdullah
bin Ahmed in Bahrain.
 Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani was asked to help invade Bahrain but refused.
 Qatari tribes in eastern Qatar (in Doha and Al-Khor) agreed to assist Sheikh Mohammad
bin Khalifa.
 The Al-Maadheed tribe also agreed to assist Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa.
 Sheikh Bashir bin Rahma bin Jaber, along with some Jalahima tribes, sided with Sheikh
Mohammad bin Khalifa.
 The coalition used Al-Fuwairit as its base to march to Bahrain and succeeded in taking
over power.

Battle of Umm Suwaya:

 Dispute between Mohammad bin Khalifa and Issa bin Turayf, the Sheikh of Al Ben Ali.
 Reasons for the dispute included Issa bin Turayf's acceptance of a negotiation request
from Sheikh Abdullah's sons and his alliance with Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa's
adversaries.
 Confrontation between Issa bin Turayf and Mohammad bin Khalifa led to the Umm
Suwaya battle in 1847 near Al-Fuwairit.
 Outcomes of the battle included Issa bin Turayf's death, defeat of his allied tribes, the
departure of Al bin Ali tribe from Qatar, and dashed hopes of Sheikh Abdullah Al
Khalifa's return to power in Bahrain.

The Relationship Between Sheikh Mohammad Bin Khalifa And Qatari Tribes After The
Battle Of Mesaimeer:

 Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa sought support from the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh
Saeed bin Tahnoun, against Qatari tribes.
 He besieged Doha and prevented ships from docking in Doha.
  He considered Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani and his son, Sheikh Jassim, collaborators
and took actions against them.
 A Saudi force based in Doha prevented invasions by the rulers of Bahrain and Abu
Dhabi.
 A conciliation agreement was reached, including provisions for an annual tax payment by
Bahrain to Al Khalifa and Qatar falling under Al Khalifa's power.

The British And Sheikh Mohammad Bin Khalifa:

 Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa recognized and upheld treaties with the British
government.
 He refrained from launching wars, piracy, and slave trade in exchange for British
protection of Bahrain.
 Tensions continued between the second Saudi state and the rulers of Bahrain, leading to
the Saudi governor aiding Mohammad bin Abdullah Al Khalifa in invading Bahrain in
1859.
 British intervention halted the invasion, and an agreement was signed with Sheikh
Mohammad Bin Khalifa in 1861.

Qatar In Light Of The Internal Conflict In Bahrain, According To 1866 British Reports:

 The Sheikh of Bahrain declared loyalty to the Saudis to maintain his property in Qatar.
 The tax paid by Mohammad Al Khalifa on his property in Qatar was in exchange for
protection from tribal attacks.
 An agent of the Saudi government resided in Doha between 1852 and 1866.

The Position Of Al Khalifa Towards The Growing Strength Of Al Thani And Their
Attempts To Unite The Qatari Tribes:

 Al Khalifa's position towards Jassim bin Mohammad Al Thani and his role in uniting
Qatari tribes.
 Actions taken by Al Khalifa to counter the growing strength of Al Thani, including
appeasing Al Naeem tribes and imprisoning Jassim Al Thani.
 The conflict between Al Khalifa and Qatari tribes after Jassim Al Thani's imprisonment,
leading to battles.

The British Position On The Tribal Conflicts Between Al Khalifa And The Qatari Tribes:

 British actions following Mohammad bin Khalifa and Abu Dhabi's attack on Al Wakra
and Doha in 1867.
 Consideration of this attack as a challenge to British presence and a breach of
agreements.
 Obligation of the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi to pay compensation to Qatar and apologize for
his actions.
 Tough stance toward Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa, including bombing Abu Maher
Castle and imposing fines and maritime peace agreements.
The British Position On The Tribal Conflicts (Qatar Enters The Maritime Peace Treaties
And Emerges As The Emirate Of Qatar):

 Provisions of the 1868 agreement between the British Political Resident and Sheikh
Mohammad bin Thani.
 Significance and implications of the 1868 agreement for Qatar, including recognition of
Qatar as an independent emirate.

The Emergence Of The Al Thani Family:

 Factors that led to the emergence of the Al Thani family.

 The role of Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani in founding the Emirate of Qatar.
 The significance of the agreement in creating Qatar as an independent emirate.

The Role Of Sheikh Mohammad Al Thani In Creating A Political Entity In Qatar:

 Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's political mastery, leadership in conflicts, and alliances
with the Saudis.
 Entrusting administrative responsibility to his son Sheikh Jassim.
 Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's role in creating the emirate and Qatar's recognition as an
emirate.

Key Date Significance

1821-1849 Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al
Khalifa ruled over Bahrain.
1840-1843 Sheikh Mohammad bin Khalifa challenged Sheikh
Abdullah's rule and attempted to seize power.
1840-1843 Three of Sheikh Abdullah's sons rebelled against
him and immigrated to Qatar to build an
opposition naval force.
1840-1843 Sheikh Abdullah moved to stay in Khor Hassan in
Qatar to monitor the situation as the conflict
escalated.
Second phase in Bahrain (1840s) Conflict shifted to Qatar; local forces emerged,
including Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani.
Role of Qatari Tribes in Bahrain Mohammad bin Khalifa formed a coalition of
Qatari tribes to overthrow Sheikh Abdullah bin
Ahmad in Bahrain.
1867 Battle of Umm Suwaya between Mohammad bin
Khalifa and Issa bin Turayf; outcome dashed
hopes of Sheikh Abdullah Al Khalifa's return.
1859 Saudi forces aided Sheikh Mohammad bin
Abdullah Al Khalifa in invading Bahrain, leading to
British intervention.
1861 Agreement between Sheikh Mohammad bin

1866
Al Khalifa's position (1860s)
Imprisonment of Jassim Al Thani
British intervention (1867)
1868
Founding of Al Thani Family
Leadership of Sheikh Mohammad
Khalifa and the British authorities.
British report described the situation in Qatar in
light of the internal conflict in Bahrain.
Al Khalifa's efforts to maintain power in Qatar and
counter Al Thani's growing strength.
Imprisonment led to tensions and conflicts
between Al Khalifa and Qatari tribes.
British actions against Al Khalifa and Sheikh
Mohammad bin Khalifa.
Agreement between British Political Resident and
Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani, leading to Qatar's
independence.
Emergence of Al Thani family as leaders of Qatar
due to social, economic, and political factors.
Sheikh Mohammad bin Thani's role in uniting
Qatari tribes and signing agreements with
external parties.