ĐỀ CƯƠNG K11

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. bachelor B. technical C. school D. mechanic
Question 2. A. temperature B. pollutant C. deforestation D. atmosphere
Question 3. A. sensible B. degree C. apprentice D. professional
Question 4. A. culture B. punishment C. monument D. crowdfunding
Question 5. A. academic B. apply C. apology D. achieve
Question 6. A. appreciate B. psychology C. program D. respectively
Question 7. A. entrance B. degree C. lecture D. accept
Question 8. A. complex B. local C. central D. culture
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. ability B. behavior C. infrastructure D. experience
Question 2. A. impact B. climate C. landfill D. release
Question 3. A. manage B. formal C. exam D. entrance
Question 4. A. mausoleum B. generation C. destination D. organization
Question 5. A. conservation B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Question 6. A. broaden B. provide C. pursue D. succeed
Question 7. A. methane B. release C. impact D. carbon
Question 8. A. citadel B. festival C. crowdfunding D. complex
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1. School leavers often face the challenge of making a decision about which educational path to
follow after high school.
A. choice B. refusal C. avoidance D. delay
Question 2. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, release pollutants that harm the atmosphere.
A. sea B. soil C. air D. earth
Question 3. During an apprenticeship, you can gain lots of hands-on experience in your chosen field.
A. practical B. theoretical C. doctorate D. qualified
Question 4. Trees are like nature’s air cleaners, so when they disappear from deforestation, it makes global
warming worse.
A. cutting down trees B. polluting the air C. dirtying the water D. hurting the lands
Question 5. Educational programs focus on raising awareness among young generations about the importance
of preserving their cultural heritage.
A. concentrate B. neglect C. impact D. insist
Question 6. The job market is where employers look for new graduates.
A. wet market B. stock market C. labor market D. goods market
Question 7. The penalty for damaging or stealing artifacts from Vietnam’s heritage sites is severe.
A. intensity B. fine C. valley D. finance
Question 8. To stop global warming, we need to use less fossil fuel and find cleaner ways to power our world.
A. renewable energy sources B. non - renewable energy sources
C. unclean energy sources D. clean energy sources
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1. Volunteers are working together to restore an old building that is part of our cultural heritage.
A. renovate B. destroy C. rebuild D. fix
Question 2. Burning wood or coal at home can also release stuff that causes global warming.
A. emit B. trap C. free D. unleash
Question 3. I enjoy listening to Vietnamese folk music, which reflects the country’s rich cultural heritage.
A. modern B. ballad C. traditional D. genre
Question 4. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are essential in the fight against global warming.
A. decrease B. exaggerate C. encourage D. increase
Question 5. Young people’s lack of knowledge about the cultural heritage of their own country is due to
limited educational resources.
A. shortage B. tradition C. abundance D. value
Question 6. A compulsory education system requires all individuals of certain ages to attend school.
A. mandatory B. optional C. obligatory D. required
Question 7. Many jobs require a professional attitude and behavior.
A. amateur B. formal C. academic D. vocational
Question 8. I enjoy learning about the customs and traditions of the imperial era in Vietnamese history.
A. royal B. fancy C. luxury D. ordinary
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the
following exchanges.
Question 1. Andrew and Freedy are arranging their meeting:
Andrew: “Can we meet at Highland coffee tonight to discuss the post – graduate plans?”
Freedy: “______________________, will you be free on weekends?”
A. Shall I come to Starbucks B. Sorry, I have another appointment
C. I can change my timetable D. I don’t like sitting in the middle of the crowd
Question 2. Thomas gets lost on his way to Cai Rang floating market:
Thomas: “______________________________”
The Vietnamese: “Go straight ahead until you reach Cai Son bridge!”
A. Can you book me a Grab car? B. How can I have Cai Rang floating market?
 C. Can you show me the way to this place? D. What is the best price for the floating market?

Question 3. Emily and Alex are talking about the impact of climate change.
Emily: “Climate change is responsible for more frequent natural disasters.
Alex: “__________________. It is concerning trend we need to address.”
A. You’re welcome B. I don’t quite agree
C. I can’t agree more D. It’s my pleasure
Question 4. Linda and Bob are discussing what to do after high school graduation.
Linda: “I’m thinking about taking a gap year to travel before starting university.”
Bob: “______________. It could be a great opportunity to gain some life experience.”
A. That’s a bad idea B. I couldn’t agree more
C. I prefer saying at home D. It’s not worth it
Question 5. Sarah and John are discussing the importance of preserving cultural heritage.
Sarah: “Preserving our heritage is crucial for future generations, don’t you think?”
John: “_________. It helps us understand our roots and traditions.
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I don’t see your point
C. That’s interesting D. You’re welcome
Question 6. Sarah and John are discussing the urgency of addressing global warming.
Sarah: “I believe urgent action is needed to combat global warming.”
John: “_______. It’s crucial issue that requires immediate attention.”
A. I couldn’t agree more B. That’s a good idea
C. That’s all right D. It’s my pleasure
Question 7. Binh and Minh are chatting about global warming.
Binh: “Global warming is making the Earth hotter, right?”
Minh: “Exactly. But ________, we can help by using less energy and maybe planting some trees.”
A. watch out B. thank you C. don’t hesitate D. don’t worry
Question 8. Preet is shown the way to Vincom Plaza Xuan Khanh by a local person.
A Vietnamese: “Walk past the big TB Bank over there, you will see Vincom Plaza Xuan Khanh.”
Preet: “_____________”
A. I appreciate your help! B. Pardon me! C. Oh, really? D. I can’t believe that.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Passage 1:
Air pollutants which are mainly created by (1) ________ can cause smog and adversely affect human health.
Motor vehicles remain a major source of air (2) __________, especially where there is more traffic. (3)
_______, many vehicles have cleaner exhausts that produce less air pollutants than others. Vehicles that meet
a higher air pollution standard (“Euro level”) produce less air pollutants than equivalent vehicles (4) _______
a lower standard. The air pollution standard section of the results page advises the air pollution “Euro”
standard a vehicle model meets in Australia. The current minimum standard for new light vehicles in
Australia is ADR 79/04, (5) ________ is based on an international standard called “Euro 5” Standard. Many
vehicles sold in Australia meet tougher Euro 6 standards adopted in other countries.
1. A. human activities B. sea levels C. fossil fuels D. global warming
2. A. pollution B. polluted C. polluting D. pollutants
3. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Consequently D. However
4. A. who meet B. to meet C. met D. meeting
5. A. which B. that C. who D. whose
Passage 2:
Major cities in developing countries face similar issues related to high development pressure, a lack of
concern for (1) _______, and little or no public participation in the decision-making process in urban
development and conservation in Hong Kong (Kong and Yeoh, 1994, Steinberg, 1996). Decisions on heritage
conservation in Hong Kong have (2) _________ been dominated by experts and technocrats since the
establishment of the first heritage legislation in 1976, and public participation has been considered
insignificant. Since the change in sovereignty in 1997, the majority of Hong Kong’s people have become
increasingly attached to (3) ___________ heritage and have actively sought their right (4) _______ in city
development and heritage conservation matters. (5) ________, proper and effective consultation process in
heritage conservation has yet to be established and enhanced.
1. A. performing art B. limestone C. cultural heritage D. historic temple
2. A. tradition B. traditional C. traditionalist D. traditionally
3. A. restoring B. appreciating C. restricting D. commuting
4. A. participated B. participating C. to participate D. participate
5. A. Therefore B. Although C. Given that D. However
Passage 3:
Previously, in the UK, the presence of both polytechnic colleges and universities allowed a wider
range of career paths to be pursued by school/ college leavers. This meant that young people (1) __________
are interested in professions such as nursing or teaching had the option to attend college specifically for these
careers rather than being required to enter a university.
Subsequently, the government shifted its emphasis on university (2) __________ as the primary means
of developing a highly skilled workforce, so alternative ways such as apprenticeships and vocational (3)
_________ were considered to be less important. Many parents began to believe that their child’s career
success relied on attending university, causing non – university options to become less favorable. The current
situation is different when apprenticeships are merging as an appealing (4) _______________ route for school
– leavers. New programs are being increasingly introduced to satisfy this demand. While university education
continues to serve as an easy way into specific professions, it is better suited (5) ____________ individuals of
a more academic nature who have real passions for studying a particular discipline.
1. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
2. A. education B. educate C. educational D. educated
3. A. qualifications B. diplomas C. certificates D. degrees
4. A. formal B. sensible C. alternative D. compulsory
5. A. about B. on C. with D. to
Passage 4:
In Japan, students are required to complete a minimum of 12 years of education to be (1) ______ to
pursue higher education. Those (2) __________ come from countries without a 12 – year education system
can go to accredited languages schools where preparatory courses are taught prior to college application.
Japan offers three distinct categories of higher education institutions.
Senmon – gakkos, known as specialist schools, provide two – year programs with the main focus on
(3) __________ subjects like hairdressing, fashion, and care services. Compared to universities, these
specialized educational institutions have lower admission requirements, and many accept students solely
based on their submitted documents. Besides, there are approximately 400 short – term universities in Japan.
These institutions share similarities to Senmon – gakkos in that they also offer two – year courses, but they
have a broader academic focus. Like traditional universities, students in short – term universities are expected
to study subjects beyond their chosen field.
The majority of students (4) __________ higher education in Japan tend to enroll in universities and
there are around 800 universities to choose from. In fact, a (5) __________ from a reputable university is
often a prerequisite for entry into big corporations and international companies.
1. A. legible B. eligible C. literate D. permissive
2. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
3. A. vocational B. qualified C. educational D. required
4. A. to enter B. entered C. entering D. to be entered
5. A. degree B. reward C. certificate D. license
Mark the letter to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 1. Having been studied for 12 years, I can finally take some rest after the national entrance exam.
A. been studied B. can C. after D. entrance exam
Question 2. Burning for energy, fossil fuels release harmful substances into the atmosphere.
A. Burning B. release C. substances D. atmosphere
Question 3. Hellen is the first girl proposes the idea of restoring the old temple.
A. the B. proposes C. restoring D. temple
Question 4. Having awarded the scholarship, she felt more confident about her academic future.
A. Having awarded B. felt C. about D. academic
Question 5. Teaching about environment by the authorities, the local people pay more attention to greenhouse
gas emissions.
A. Teaching B. by C. attention D. emissions
Question 6. Teaching is a way giving knowledge and skills to the next generation.
A. Teaching B. giving C. and D. the
Question 7. Having finished four years of learning in a university, high school graduates received their
master’s degree.
A. Having finished B. a university C. graduates D. master’s degree
Question 8. We took a guided tour of the history landmark in the city to learn about its rich history.
A. guided B. history C. to learn D. its
Question 9. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release methane during the day.
A. absorb B. and C. methane D. day
Question 10. Encouraging teenagers to appreciate the cultural heritages, they hosted a volunteer organization.
A. Encouraging B. appreciate C. restoring D. organization
Question 11. Plastics bags are the main pollution making the environment worse day by day.
A. are B. pollution C. making D. worse
Question 12. Having been good at science subjects, the job market became less competitive for Malisa.
A. Having been B. science subjects C. job market D. less competitive
Mark the letter to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 1: I have advised you on how to apply for a scholarship, which I clearly remember.
A. I clearly remember having advised you on how to apply for a scholarship.
B. I clearly remember having been advised on how to apply for a scholarship.
C. I clearly remember to be advised on how to apply for a scholarship.
D. I clearly remember to advise you on how to apply for a scholarship.
Question 2: Lan researched local heritage sites because she wanted to write a report on that topic.
A. Lan researched local heritage sites in order to write a report on that topic.
B. Lan researched local heritage sites although she wrote a report on that topic.
C. Lan researched local heritage sites after writing a report on that topic.
D. Lan researched local heritage sites, so she wrote a report on that topic.
Question 3: Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. Deforestation and loss of habitat threaten many species so that they will become extinct.
B. Many species lost their habitat because of deforestation and now they are extinct.
C. Many species are extinct, so they run the risk of deforestation and loss of habitat.
D. Deforestation and loss of habitat are driving many species to the verge of extinction.
Question 4. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
A. Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
B. Global warming results in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is carbon dioxide.
D. Global warming causes greenhouse gas, including carbon dioxide.
Question 5. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, which is located in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to
UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2011.
A. Locating in Thanh Hoa Province, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage
List in 2011.
B. Located in Thanh Hoa Province, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage
List in 2011.
C. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, that is located in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to UNESCO’s World
Heritage List in 2011.
D. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, locating in Thanh Hoan Province, was added to UNESCO’s World
Heritage List in 2011.
Question 6: After Louie had written his composition, he handed it to his teacher.
A. Handed the composition to his teacher, Louie wrote it.
B. Having written his composition, Louie handed it to his teacher.
C. Writing the composition, Louie handed it to his teacher.
D. Handing the composition, Louie had written his composition.
Question 7: While the director was guiding us through the museum, he gave us a special explanation.
A. Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director.
B. Guided us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.
C. A special explanation was given to us while guiding us through the museum.
D. Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.
Question 8: After fighting the forest fire for 10 hours, the firemen succeeded in putting it out.
A. The firemen didn’t manage to put out the forest fine after 10 hours.
B. Fighting the forest fire for 10 hours, the firemen were able to put it out.
C. Fighting the forest fire for 10 hours, the firemen decided to give up.
D. It took 10 hours for the firemen to start the forest fire.
Question 9: Every student is required to write an essay on the importance of ecosystems.
A. Every student might write an essay on the importance of ecosystems.
B. Every student had to write an essay on the importance of ecosystems.
C. They require each student to write an essay on the importance of ecosystems.
D. Every student is writing an essay on the importance of ecosystems.
Question 10. I left school at the age of 16 and decided to go travelling.
A. I decided to go travelling before I left school at 16.
B. Travelling after leaving school was a good decision.
C. Leaving school at the age of 16, I decided to go travelling.
D. I left school at the age of 16, but didn’t go travelling.
Question 11. Many parts of Asia may see heavy rainfall as a result of climate change.
A. Due to climate change, there may be less heavy rainfall in many parts of Asia.
B. Climate change may cause heavy rainfall in many parts of Asia.
C. The amount of rain in Asia will be reduced because of climate change.
D. There will be heavy rainfall in more parts of Asis due to climate change.
Question 12: Although it was raining heavily, the team decided to continue their journey.
A. It rained so heavily that the team could not continue their journey.
B. The team cancelled their journey due to the heavy rain.
C. Despite the heavy rain, the team decided to continue their journey.
D. If it rained heavily, the team would not continue their journey.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
Question 1: Marie prepared her homework carefully. She could answer all the questions and got good marks.
A. Although she prepared her homework carefully, Marie could not answer all the questions and got good
marks.
B. Having prepared her homework carefully, Marie could answer all the questions and got good marks.
C. If she had prepared her homework carefully, Marie could have answered all the questions and got good
marks.
D. It was because of careful preparation for the homework, Marie couldn’t answer all the questions and got
good marks.
Question 2: Visitors can explore the caves and grottos when coming to the site. They can enjoy mountain
climbing.
A. When coming to the site, visitors can enjoy mountain climbing but have no chance to explore the caves and
grottos.
B. As there are too many visitors, the site only offers exploring caves and grottos not mountain climbing.
C. When coming to the site, in addition to exploring the caves and grottos, visitors can also enjoy mountain
climbing.
D. When coming to the site, visitors can neither enjoy mountain climbing nor explore the caves and grottos.
Question 3: He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for that.
A. Unless he donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he was admired.
B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns.
C. If he had donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have been admired.
D. If he donates a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.
Question 4: The man jumped out of the boat. He was bitten by a shark.
A. Bitten by a shark, the man jumping out of the boat.
B. After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark.
C. After bitten, the shark jumping out of the boat.
D. After jumping out of a boat, the shark bit the man.
Question 5: Victor had visited the heritage site before. He fell in love with the scenery there.
A. Having visited the heritage site before, Victor fell in love with the scenery there.
B. Having fallen in love with the scenery of the heritage site, Victor visited the place many times.
C. Despite falling in love with the scenery of the heritage site, Victor visited the place again.
D. Had Victor visited the heritage site before, he would have fallen in love with the scenery there.
Question 6: Sara’s classmate said that she littered on the school yard. She denied it.
A. Sara denied having littered on the school yard.
B. Sara denied her friend’s littering on the school yard.
C. Having littered on the school yard, Sara’s classmates denied it.
D. As Sara denied it, her classmates said that she littered on the school yard.
Question 7: Jonas had come up with a way to help save energy used in class. His classmates admired him for
that.
A. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, his classmates admired Jonas.
B. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, Jonas earned his classmates ‘admiration.
C. Jonas admired his classmates for having come up with a way to help save energy used in class.
D. Being admired by his classmates, Jonas comes up with a way to help save energy used in class.
Question 8: It’s a long trip to the world heritage site. We have to start off early and come back in the
afternoon.
A. It’s a long trip to the world heritage site, but we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
B. It’s a long trip to the world heritage site because we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
C. It’s a long trip to the world heritage site, so we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.
D. It’s a long trip to the world heritage site if we have to start off early and come back in the afternoon.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: ________ about academic education in CTU university, Kang chose to get Doctorate.
A. Having heard B. Heard C. Hearing D. Have hearing
Question 2. Global warming is causing a rise in _______ due to the melting of polar ice caps.
A. human activities B. carbon dioxide C. sea levels D. fossil fuels
Question 3: ________ about the negative effects of plastic bags on the planet, they are using leaves to wrap
meat.
A. To know B. Knowing C. To knowing D. Known
Question 4: __________ will provide hands-on experience in a real work environment.
A. Bachelor’s degree B. Doctorate C. Apprenticeships D. Master’s degree
Question 5: _________ by our teacher, we consider again the ways we are using fossil fuels.
A. Reminding B. To reminding C. To reminded D. Reminded
Question 6: When visiting Ong Temple, I burnt some incense ________ for my future path of love.
A. to wish B. wishing C. for wish D. wished
Question 7: Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, release ________ gases into the atmosphere.
A. harmless B. polluted C. global warming D. heat - trapping
Question 8: Don Ca Tai Tu is a traditional Vietnamese ________ that combines music and poetry.
A. crowdfunding B. cultural heritage C. ancient architecture D. performing art
Question 9: The link between ________ and global warming is a growing concern for environmentalists and
scientists.
A. polluting B. polluted C. pollutant D. pollution
Question 10: _________ helps protect and restore heritage by raising money for cultural projects.
A. Limestone B. Crowdfunding C. Valley D. State
Question 11: Fow newcomers, the first place ______ in Can Tho is the bustling Cai Rang Floating Market.
A. visiting B. to visiting C. to visit D.is visited
Question 12: A(n) _________ provides post – secondary education to students typically in the age range of 16
to 19 years.
A. university B. vocational school C. institution D. sixth-form
Question 13: The Imperial City in Hue is a large _______ that represents that magnificence of Vietnamese
heritage.
A. heritage B. landscape C. limestone D. complex
Question 14: After _______ with the master’s degree, Johny was on cloud nine.
A. having been granted B. being granted
C. having granted D. granting
Question 15: Individual actions to combat global warming may seem like a drop in the ______, but they are
still important.
A. sea B. river C. water D. ocean
Question 16: In an effort to _________ cultural diversity, the festival featured performances of folk singing
from mixed heritage communities.
A. recommend B. punish C. preserve D. reduce
Question 17: _________ leaflets for the students, schools successfully raise their awareness.
A. To distribute B. Distributed C. Distributing D. To distributing
Question 18: Human activities are largely ________ for the changes in the Earth’s climate.
A. blamed B. celebrated C. responsible D. ignored
Question 19: Using _________ energy sources helps reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.
A. renewable B. traditional C. limited D. expensive
Question 20. ______ that John had a passion for astronomy, Sarah gifted him a telescope.
A. Realizing B. Realized C. Being realized D. To realize
Question 21: Mohamed was the last person ______ about the secret of Pyramids.
A. knowing B. to know C. knew D. to knowing
Question 22: _________ her fears, she gave an excellent speech.
A. Having overcome B. Having been overcome
C. Not having overcome D. Not having been overcome
Question 23: ________ is the process of clearing forests for agricultural or industrial purposes.
A. Reforestation B. Agriculture C. Deforestation D. Urbanization
Question 24: Before enrolling in a university, many institutions require students to pass an ________.
A. exit exam B. online test C. interview D. entrance exam
Question 25: Even though I live in a different country, my roots ________ deep, and I always celebrate the
traditions of my heritage.
A. fly B. walk C. run D. grow
Question 26: Emma works hard ________ the trip to Vietnamese heritages.
A. afford B. affording C. to affording D. to afford
Question 27: _______ to Paris before, she was excited about the trip.
A. Not have gone B. Not having gone C. Having not gone D. Having gone
Question 28: Vocational education typically focuses on providing ________ related to a specific trade or job.
A. academic theories B. general knowledge C. research skills D. hands – on experience
Question 29: To apply for a _________ degree, one usually needs to have completed an undergraduate
degree first.
A. bachelor’s B. master’s C. doctorate D. sixth - form
Question 30: Traditional clothing like the Ao Dai is often passed ______ as a cherished family heirloom.
A. from B. with C. down D. upon
Question 31: _______ by human activities, global warming has become a major concern for scientists and
policymakers.
A. Causing B. Caused C. Cause D. Causes
Question 32: The Earth’s _________ is composed of various gases, including nitrogen and oxygen.
A. crust B. atmosphere C. core D. ocean
Question 33: Tourists visit our town to see the well–preserved heritage buildings in their ______ state,
which is a source of pride for the community.
A. original B. historical C. authentic D. modern
Question 34: After high school, many students choose to pursue ______ education, which includes
universities and colleges.
A. vocational B. higher C. basic D. primary
Question 35: Achieving a ______ between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting energy needs is a
global challenge.
A. conflict B. energy C. contrast D. balance
Question 36: Local communities often come together to ______ traditional festivals, revive cultural practices
and keep them alive.
A. include B. damage C. propose D. restore
Question 37: A(n) _______ is a program where individuals receive training for a specific job while working.
A. internship B. gap year C. apprentice ship D. vocation
Question 38: _________ by their colleagues’ dedication, the team members organized a series of workshops
to enhance their skills.
A. Motivated B. Motivating C. Being motivated D. Having motivated
Question 39: The best way for visitors _______ the local culture is by attending traditional festivals and
markets.
A. understand and experience B. to understand and experience
C. understanding and experiencing D. can understand and experience
Question 40: He regrets ______ so much money on unnecessary things.
A. spend B. to spend C. having spent D. spent
Question 41: In her opinion, the best way _______ about the culture of a country is to enjoy its traditional
performing arts.
A. to learn B. learnt C. learn D. learning
Question 42: Giang talked about _____ for 3 colleges last year.
A. having applied B. applying to C. to apply D. to have applied
Question 43: ______ crops in the changing climate conditions, farmers are often faced with many challenges.
A. Grow B. Grown C. Growing D. Growth
Question 44: Their efforts to raise money for heritage _________ have been successful.
A. preserve B. preserved C. preservative D. preservation
Question 45: You can choose ______ education to become a skilled plumber.
A. particular B. academic C. technical D. broad
Question 46: Son Doong Cave is the largest cave ______ in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.
A. discover B. discovering C. to discover D. to be discovered
Question 47: Do you think ________ global temperature rise to 1.5oC is possible?
A. cooling B. limiting C. achieving D. stopping
Question 48: Vietnam’s _______ caves, such as those in Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, are visited
frequently by travelers for their natural beauty.
A. heritage B. imperial C. limestone D. valley
Question 49. __________ to attend technological school, Jolie became a professional mechanic.
A. Having chose B. Having chosen C. Having been chosen D. Having to chose
Question 50: Burning things like wood or coal can release _______ into the air.
A. soil B. soot C. root D. smog
Question 51: Quin always concerned about the group project, but he never gave voice ____ it.
A. for B. at C. in D. to
Question 52: Temple of Literature in Hanoi is a prime example of Vietnam’s unique ______ heritage.
A. cultural B. natural C. mixed D. complex
Question 53: She had to _______ her time effectively to balance studies and part – time work.
A. develop B. regret C. manage D. accept
Question 54: ________ in large amounts when people burn fossil fuels, soot harms the environment.
A. Producing B. To producing C. Produced D. To produced
Question 55: Some people think that college or university students usually have a(n) ______ over students
from vocational schools.
A. advantage B. benefit C. improvement D. priority
Question 56: Ms. Agatha told me she felt regretful for ______ out of high school too early.
A. leaving B. having left C. being left D. have left
Question 57: The ______ of Ha Long Bay is being restored after being exploited to attract more tourists.
A. folk B. citadel C. trend D. state
Question 58: Using too many chemicals in _____ can release harmful substances into the air.
A. earth B. farmland C. soil D. farming
Question 59: It’s essential for us ________ the Vietnam’s cultural heritages.
A. preserving B. preserve C. to preserve D. preserved
Question 60: International collaboration is important because the ____ are running out for individual efforts
to solve the global issue of warming.
A. water B. sands C. coal D. fuels
Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for the following questions.
Passage 1:

Further Education and Training Institutions

Recent changes in the education system have seen the introduction of new institutions of both
“Higher Education” and “Further Education”. Technikons (now Universities of Technology) have been
included at the same level as universities and learners can now study for a technical degree. Another example
would be Pretoria Technikon, which is now called “Pretoria University of Technology”.
Here you will have a combination of theoretical and practical subjects to choose from, and a variety
of avenues of study. The choice you make will be based on the specific career you wish to pursue. The
minimum entry requirement is a Senior Certificate or an N3 plus two languages at grade 12 level. For some
of the courses such as the technical courses, paramedical and science you will require a minimum of
mathematics and a science subject. This could be an ideal choice for you if you decide to combine work and
study. In many instances you can have a contract of employment and be encouraged to or required to study in
order to gain practical experience. On satisfactory completion of your studies, you will receive a Diploma or
a BTech Degree. There are a variety of study options including Art, Design, Performing Arts, Hotel and
Catering, Commerce, Business Management, Computer Science, Engineering and Secretarial.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Further study in Pretoria Technikon. B. The vague definition of Further Education.
C. Ways to apply for BA and PhD. D. Prominent subjects at the institutions.
2. What is the newest name of “Pretoria Technikon”?
A. Pretoria Technology University B. University of Pretoria Technology
C. Technology University of Pretoria D. Pretoria University of Technology
3. According to the paragraph 2, what subjects will you need to apply for technical courses?
A. physics and chemistry B. physics and mathematics
C. languages and science D. mathematics and literature
4. The word “career” in the 2nd paragraph refers to _______.
A. goal B. work C. subjects D. choice
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Technikons are now called Universities of Technology.
B. You will receive a Diploma or a BTech degree when you complete your studies at Pretoria Technikon.
C. The Diploma has the same value as a bachelor's degree in Pretoria University of Technology.
D. Information Technology is not included in Pretoria University of Technology’s study options.
Passage 2:
Currently, Can Tho university trains 91 undergraduate programs (including 2 advanced training programs, and
8 high – quality training programs), 51 graduate programs ( of which 1 programs is affiliated with a foreign
country, 3 programs are taught in English) and 19 programs for Ph.D. candidates. Every year, CTU also
accepts students from foreign universities (United States, Belgium, Japan, etc.) to study at CTU within the
framework of the cooperation agreement between two sides.
The training period at CTU is from 4 to 5 years for bachelor and engineer training programs, according
to the credit system. The training program includes the first three semesters for common subjects of all
programs and basic subjects for each program. The remaining semesters are devoted to basic knowledge and
expertise for the training program. In addition to specialized training, CTU also equips students with soft
skills and specialized knowledge to prepare for when they graduate through short – term training courses.
Important skills to support future work such as foreign language skills, information technology,
pedagogical skills. CTU’s training quality is constantly being improved, the facilities to serve the learning
needs of students are relatively complete, and lecturers have applied many new appropriate teaching methods.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Academic program of Can Tho University. B. International policy of Can Tho University.
C. Can Tho University’s training quality. D. Credit system at Can Tho University.
2. How many programs does CTU have for Ph.D. students?
A. ninety - one B. fifty – one C. ninety D. nineteen
3. Besides specialized training, what does CTU also equip its students with?
A. credit system B. short – term course C. basic knowledge D. soft skills
4. The word “expertise” in the 2nd paragraph refers to _______.
A. knowledge B. academic C. institution D. qualification
5. The word “they” in the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.
A. lecturers B. knowledge C. students D. skills
Passage 3:
Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming
trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to
the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned.
Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse
effect” in Earth’s atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected
off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat
from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor,
methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to
rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming.
Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used
interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and
growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and
melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on
Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming
and its impact on Earth.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Greenhouse Effect
B. The Effects of Global Warming on Earth’s Climate
C. A Brief Introduction to Global Warming
D. The Link between Fossil Fuels and Global Warming
2. According to paragraph 1, what has significantly led to the rising pace of global warming in the last
hundred years?
A. Natural disasters B. Increased population
C. Burning of fossil fuels D. Solar activity
3. The word “It” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. global warming B. greenhouse effect C. weather pattern D. climate change
4. According to paragraph 2, which gases are contributors to the greenhouse effect?
A. nitrogen and chlorofluorocarbons B. oxygen and nitrous oxide
C. hydrogen and water vapor D. carbon dioxide and methane
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Flooding and extreme weather are potential consequences of climate change.
B. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that are responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere.
C. Global warming is the reflection of heat off the Earth’s surface.
D. Global warming and climate change are two interchangeable terms with different meanings.
Passage 4:
Reforestation, whether by planning for natural regeneration or tree planting, allows for the accelerated
development of forested ecosystems following natural disturbance events such as wildfire, wind events, and
insect and disease infestations, or planned timber harvest. This forest management practice helps to develop
forest structure and species composition to provide for wildlife habitat, clean and abundant water, forest wood
products, recreation opportunities, soil stabilization, and so much more. Reforestation presents unique
opportunities to address emerging issues associated with climate change by conserving and managing tree
genetic diversity and capturing carbon to counter greenhouse gas emissions.
In some situations, relying on natural regeneration from existing tree seed and genetic sources may
best meet management objectives. While on other sites where the seed source has been lost due to a natural
disturbance, such as a stand-replacing wildfire or insects or diseases, tree planting may be needed to restore
trees to the site. Forest Service nurseries and seed extractors are a critical component of the reforestation
program, collecting seed ahead of reforestation needs, and assuring that healthy seedlings are available for
restoring native ecosystems.
“Growing and Nurturing Resilient Forests: A Reforestation strategy for the National Forest System”
is a focused effort to address current and future forest needs. Reforesting in the right place, at the right time,
with the right species, and at appropriate scales can change the current direction of ecosystem development.
To be successful, the agency must make complex land management decisions that include the best available
science and collaborations with a wide variety of partners, including nongovernmental organizations and other
government agencies. The Reforestation strategy provides the framework for fully addressing current and
future reforestation needs. The Forest Service will develop national and regional 10-year implementation
plans that will include the finer scale steps the agency will take to successfully increase the pace and scale of
reforestation, address existing needs, and anticipate future events.
The work also will help the agency meet provisions of the Repairing Existing Public Land by Adding
Necessary Trees Act, also called the REPLANT Act, which provided the agency with additional funding to
address the backlog of needed reforestation and a mandate to address post-disturbance needs.
 Adapted from https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/forest-management/vegetation-management/
reforestation
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Role of Collaboration in Reforestation Efforts
B. Challenges and Limitations of Forest Management Practices
C. The Impact of Natural Disturbances on Forest Regeneration
D. Strategies for Effective Reforestation Programs
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of reforestation?
A. Development of forest structure and species composition
B. Soil stabilization
C. Recreation opportunities
D. Reduction of timber harvest
3. The word “conserving” in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
A. preserving B. reducing C. eliminating D. exploiting
4. What does the phrase “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. land management decisions B. forest needs C. species D. scales
5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes the approach advocated for reforestation?
A. Random selection of species and locations for reforestation.
B. Ignoring the current trajectory of forest management.
C. Collaborative decision-making based on scientific evidence.
D. Reforestation efforts restricted to government agencies only.
Passage 5:
The Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2014, is a remarkable area
in Vietnam known for its stunning natural beauty and historical significance. It is an integrated, multi-layered
landscape that includes both cultural and natural heritage elements.
Established as a protected area in the early 21st century, Trang An is notable for its system of
limestone karst and valleys, as well as its rich biodiversity. The complex also hosts ancient temples, pagodas,
paddy fields, and small villages, making it a living testament to the traditional ways of life in Vietnam.
Efforts to preserve Trang An involve maintaining the delicate balance between nature and the ongoing
human activities within the area. This includes strict regulations on tourism and construction, ensuring that the
pristine nature of the landscape and the historical sites remain undisturbed. Additionally, local communities
play a vital role in conserving the cultural aspects of Trang An, by continuing their traditional practices and
educating visitors about the site’s importance.
Today, Trang An is not just a tourist destination; it is a symbol of Vietnam’s commitment to preserving
its natural and cultural heritage. The site’s management combines modern conservation techniques with
traditional knowledge, ensuring that this unique landscape can be enjoyed by future generations.
1. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. The wide range of historical sites and biodiversity found within Trang An’s landscape.
B. The development of tourism infrastructure and attractions in Tran An over time.
C. The efforts to preserve the Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex.
D. The biodiversity of Trang An.
2. The word “notable” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to __________.
A. famous B. large C. unique D. protected
3. When was The Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
A. in 2014 B. in the early 21st century
C. Both A and B are correct D. Not mentioned in the passage
4. It is stated in paragraph 1 that the Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is __________.
A. a mixed heritage site
B. a natural heritage site
C. a cultural heritage site
D. an unremarkable area in Vietnam
5. According to the 3rd paragraph, why are there strict regulations on tourism and construction in Trang An?
A. To protect the natural landscape and biodiversity within Trang An.
B. To maintain the balance between nature and human activities.
C. To increase the revenue from tourism.
D. To provide increased economic opportunities and jobs for local communities.
6. Which of the followings is NOT MENTIONED as a part of Trang An’s heritage in the passage?
A. Small villages B. Ancient temples C. Wildlife reserves D. Paddy fields
7. The word “its” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A. Vietnam’s B. Trang An’s C. destination’s D. symbol’s
Passage 6:
 This year, the rainy season arrived earlier than usual, bringing higher volumes of rainfall. Compared to
the same period last year, the amount of rainfall in both the southwest and southeast region has increased by
50 – 130%, with Soc Trang Province experiencing an alarming increase of 247%. In the Central Highlands,
rainfall has risen by 60 – 70%
According to Le Dinh Quyet, an official at the Hydro Meteorological Observatory’s southern office,
the recent storm, Dok Suri, has intensified the southwest monsoon, leading to unusually heavy rainfall in the
southern region of Vietnam. This increase in rainfall is a result of the southwest winds blowing from the Bay
of Bengal towards the mainland. The southwest region, being the first to receive this moisture – laden wind,
has experienced significant rainfall.
In late July, the Bay of Bengal experienced a tropical storm that caused the southwest monsoon to
blow even stronger towards the mainland. The impact of storm Dok Suri further intensified the monsoon.
Similarly, storm Talim in mid – July had also contributed to heavy rains and strong winds in Ho Chi Minh
City and the neighboring provinces. Although these storms did not directly hit Vietnam, they acted as
contributing factors in the occurrence of heavier than usual rainfall in these regions.
1. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Reasons for early and exceptionally heavy rain.
B. Solutions to early and exceptionally heavy rain.
C. Ways to deal with the weather.
D. Famous climate researchers in Vietnam
2. According to the passage, compared to the previous year, what percentage increase in rainfall occurred in
Soc Trang Province?
A. 50% B. 130% C. 60% D. 247%
3. What contributed to the unusually heavy rainfall in the southern region of Vietnam, as stated in the
passage?
A. The presence of tropical storms in the region B. The natural monsoon cycle.
C. The arrival of unusual winds from the north. D. A sudden change in local weather patterns
4. The word “significant” in the 2nd paragraph is opposite in meaning to _______ .
A. balanced B. important C. punctual D. natural
5. The word “they” in the 3rd paragraph refers to _______.
A. storm B. Vietnam C. people D. factor
6. How many storms does the author mention in the passage?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
7. According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT TRUE:
A. Le Dinh Quyet is an official at the Hydro Meteorological Observatory’s southern office.
B. Rainfall’s increase is a result of the southwest winds from the Bay of Bengal towards the mainland.
C. Storm Talim didn’t affect the heavy rains and strong winds in Ho Chi Minh City.
D. In Autumn, the Bay of Bengal experienced a tropical storm.
Passage 7:
Vocational learning opportunities play a critical role in skill development. In non-vocational studies,
students often spend hours of their time exploring a variety of different subjects. Their class time tends to be
only a few hours per week, as they will spend many hours in the library and on computers conducting
research and writing papers that help them continue to build their theoretical knowledge in a variety of fields.
Even within their chosen discipline, they often spend a significant amount of time exploring theory
and ideas used by other professionals in the industry. They have significantly fewer opportunities to actually
put these ideas to work compared to students going through a vocational education situation. The skills for
work and vocation are significantly limited for these students, as their theoretical knowledge does not have the
work experience that helps them transition from a classroom study topic into their actual profession. This can
sometimes cause challenges when the students graduate and transition into the working world.
However, for students in vocational education and training, this situation gets corrected. Students
spend hours in the practical workshops each week learning hands-on practical skills related to their chosen
field. Class time tends to increase in these schools, compared to their outside research time, because students
spend more time exploring actual work opportunities that prepare them for their future jobs. They do not
focus as much time on researching the theoretical as learning the practical.
Students also have courses that will help them use the highly specialized equipment that they need to
do their jobs well. Rather than simply learning about this type of equipment or how it might be useful in the
job, they actually have the chance to try out their own skills while still in school. When the time comes for
them to transition to an actual job, they have the experience they need to begin the job right away. They will
not have to spend time learning how to physically operate the equipment on the job, allowing them to become
a valuable employee and build a career faster.
Source: https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/vocational-training-career-development
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Benefits of Vocational Education
B. Challenges in Moving from Theory to a Profession
C. Importance of Specialized Equipment in Vocational Learning
D. Drawbacks of Non-vocational Studies
2. The word ‘transition’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. act B. change C. prefer D. show
3. The word “hands-on” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. automatic B. direct C. important D. critical
4. The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.
A. opportunities B. schools C. skills D. students
5. What’s the main focus of students in vocational education and training?
A. theoretical research B. specialized equipment
C. hands-on practical skills D. library-based learning
6. Why do vocational students spend more time in practical workshops?
A. to enhance theoretical knowledge B. to prepare for future jobs
C. to reduce the need for specialized equipment D. to increase research time
7. What advantage do vocational students have when starting jobs?
A. experience operating specialized equipment B. more theoretical knowledge
C. less time in practical workshops D. fewer work opportunities
Passage 8:
Over the past decade many priceless heritage sites and monuments have been damaged in countries
across the world. In Africa, sites in Libya, Algeria, Egypt and Mali, among others, have been damaged during
internal and cross-border conflicts. The three main threats to heritage sites are development projects, armed
conflicts, and natural disasters. International agencies like UNESCO have called for the protection of heritage
resources in the event of conflict. But this has not happened.
Destroying monuments is a violent act. Those responsible are trying to erase - by force - an aspect of
history. One example was the Nazis who, during World War II, tried to destroy Jewish people’s art and
personal property. The attacks on monuments and calls for their destruction reflect the systemic and complex
violence in many African states, although it’s important to note that the problem is not only an African one.
ISIS is the latest group destroying history and heritage. This is popular in Iraq. Syria is another country
witnessing its heritage being wiped out. When examining the ongoing conflict in the north of Mali, it is clear
that heritage sites are just part of the damage of human lives and cultural property in the ongoing conflict.
 It is worth considering national and world heritage conservation policies and guidelines. All heritage is
valuable and should be protected. Destroying heritage is not in the interest of humanity. The African continent
has to address the question of how we collectively deal with difficult and damaged heritages. A reflection on
the UNESCO Conventions between 1954 and 1972 should also provide guidance on future actions on heritage
management at local and national levels. The 1954 Convention which calls for the protection of cultural
heritage during conflict and war was regularly mentioned during the Iraq conflict and recent conflict in Mali.
The 1970 and 1972 Conventions draw attention to protecting world heritage by state parties, with these tools,
countries should have enough guidance to individually and collectively protect heritage resources.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Destruction of Heritage Monuments and how to preserve them.
B. The Importance of Heritage Sites
C. The Role of UNESCO in Heritage Preservation
D. Heritage Conservation Policies and Regulations
2. The word ‘priceless’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. worthless B. valuable C. useless D. affordable
3. According to paragraph 1, what are the three main threats to heritage sites?
A. Natural disasters, tourism, and armed conflicts
B. Tourism, development projects, and wars
C. Wars, natural disasters, and development projects
D. Armed conflicts, climate changes, and natural disasters
4. The word ‘wiped out’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. protected B. prevented C. preserved D. damaged
5. The word ‘their’ in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. the Nazis’ B. monuments’ C. the Jewish’s D. attacks’
6. Which region or country is NOT mentioned as a location where heritage destruction has occurred?
A. Kenya B. Libya C. Syria D. Iraq
7. What did the Nazis do during World War II?
A. They protected heritage resources in the event of conflict.
B. They tried to destroy Jewish people’s art and personal property.
C. They helped UNESCO provide guidance on future actions on heritage management at local and national
levels.
D. They called for the protection of heritage resources in the event of conflict.